colistin and HIV-Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cephalosporins; Cohort Studies; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Dysbiosis; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Feces; HIV Infections; Humans; Intestines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Plasmids; Risk Factors; Switzerland

Nosocomially acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria are important contributors to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality and morbidity, with limited treatment options.. To investigate the outcomes of all children treated with colistin for infection with MDR Gram-negative bacteria while admitted to PICU.. Retrospective observational study of 19 months. Primary endpoints were all-cause intensive care unit mortality and safety. Secondary endpoints evaluated clinical and microbiological outcomes. Cases were stratified according to HIV status.. Twenty-seven children received 30 colistin courses during the study period. Eight patients (29.6%) were HIV infected, six (22.2%) were HIV uninfected but exposed, and 11 (40.7%) were HIV uninfected and unexposed. Common MDR Gram-negative bacteria cultured were: Acinetobacter species (n=22, 81.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=11, 40.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7, 25.9%). Mortality was 37%, with no significant difference between HIV strata. No adverse drug reactions were noted. A composite clinical improvement was noted in 16 courses (53.3%) of colistin. Only 30% of colistin courses used in HIV-infected children resulted in an improved clinical assessment as compared with 83.3% of courses in HIV-uninfected/unexposed children (p=0.04). In HIV-infected children, five of 10 (50%) courses of colistin showed bacteriological clearance compared to the HIV uninfected/unexposed group where all cases showed bacterial eradication (p=0.02).. HIV-infected children had poorer clinical and bacteriological responses to colistin treatment than HIV uninfected/unexposed. These results require confirmation with prospective studies to determine whether findings are due to poor microbial response, immunodeficiency or repeated reinfections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections