colistin and Gastroenteritis

Topics: Administration, Oral; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Cross Infection; Double-Blind Method; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Tobramycin

In this study we report the detection of the recently described

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Italy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serogroup

In this study we compared the recently described mcr-4-positive Salmonella enterica monophasic variant, isolated in 2016 in two Italian patients affected by gastroenteritis, with the first mcr-4-positive Salmonella isolate identified in 2013 in a pig at slaughter in Italy.. WGS of the two Salmonella isolates of human origin was performed using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). The phylogenetic analysis was performed by SNP analysis, comparing genomes of the mcr-4-positive isolates of swine and human origin with 82 Salmonella genomes downloaded from the EnteroBase Salmonella database. Complete sequences of plasmids carrying mcr-4.2 were obtained and compared. Transformation experiments were performed to transfer the mcr-4 plasmids into a colistin-susceptible Escherichia coli recipient strain.. Comparative genomics demonstrated that the Salmonella of swine origin did not cluster with the isolates of human origin. The mcr-4.2 gene variant identified in the Salmonella of human origin was located on a ColE-like plasmid. This plasmid showed different replication and mobilization genes with respect to those previously described in the ColE plasmid carrying the mcr-4.1 variant, identified in Salmonella of swine origin.. The divergence in genomes, plasmids and gene variants demonstrated that there was not a unique mcr-4-positive, monophasic Salmonella lineage circulating in animals and causing gastroenteritis in humans in Italy. There was no horizontal transfer of the same plasmid among Salmonella strains of animal and human origin, but the mcr-4 gene and a fragment of the plasmid identified in the animal strain were mobilized by an IS1294 into a different ColE plasmid.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Colistin; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Gastroenteritis; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Variation; Humans; Italy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Salmonella enterica; Swine; Whole Genome Sequencing

In a Tunisian hospital 27 babies, including 12 who were premature, in a single intensive care unit suffered acute gastroenteritis in the period from January to May 1988. The mean age at the onset of gastroenteritis was 8.4 days; nine babies died. Salmonella wien was isolated from stools (all babies) and blood (4 babies). It was also isolated from the stools of one nurse and from a mattress. Twelve of the babies had received cefotaxime, which was successfully replaced by oral colimycin. The outbreak was stopped by the implementation of infection control measures. All isolates of Salmonella wien were of the same biotype, and had the same antibiotic resistance pattern (third generation cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and sulphonamides) and plasmid DNA restriction pattern. The isolates were all susceptible to a combination of cefotaxime and clavulanic acid (a beta-lactamase inhibitor), which displayed synergy, suggesting the presence of a beta-lactamase (geometric mean MICs 11.24 micrograms/ml for cefotaxime alone and 0.24 micrograms/ml in combination with 0.1 micrograms/ml potassium clavulanate). All isolates produced TEM-1 and SHV-2 beta-lactamase which was not transferable to Escherichia coli by conjugation. The presence of the SHV-2 enzyme in Salmonella wien may allow it to adapt to newer beta-lactams which is a cause for concern in this hospital.

Topics: Acute Disease; beta-Lactamases; Cefotaxime; Clavulanic Acid; Clavulanic Acids; Colistin; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Tunisia

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Megacolon, Toxic; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium

The sensitivity patterns of strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to nine antibiotics were determined. Most strains were sensitive to gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and colistin. Sensitivity to cephalexin was generally greater than sensitivity to ampicillin. Compared with sensitivity patterns of strains isolated in previous years, no significant change in sensitivity patterns of recently isolated strains was detected. All ampicillin-resistant strains destroyed the drug by producing beta-lactamase. The activity of this enzyme against cephalexin was significantly lower than its activity against ampicillin. The role of beta-lactamase, the correlation between its production and resistance to beta-lactamase antibiotics, and the similarity between beta-lactamase produced by EEC and the classified beta-lactamases produced by other enteric bacteria and Escherichia coli, are discussed.

Topics: Amidohydrolases; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalexin; Cephalosporinase; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Dosage Forms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tablets

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Entamoeba histolytica; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Giardia; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Salmonella; Shigella; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Trichuris

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Colistin; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Hospital Design and Construction; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Patient Isolators

Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disease Outbreaks; England; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Odorants; Parenteral Nutrition; Vomiting

Topics: Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Solutions; Sucrose

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Furazolidone; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Humans; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Colistin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding

Topics: Child, Preschool; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Polymyxins

Topics: Blood Transfusion; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastroenteritis; Greece; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn

Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Vaccination

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Cholangitis; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Hydrocortisone; Kanamycin; Polymyxins; Prognosis; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Streptomycin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacitracin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections

Topics: Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Colitis; Drug Therapy; Enterocolitis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Ethnicity; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Dyspepsia; Gastroenteritis; Hospitals; Humans; Infant

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Gastroenteritis; Humans

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Dermatologic Agents; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Colitis; Enterocolitis; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Gastroenteritis; Humans

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Colistin; Dermatologic Agents; Enteritis; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant