colistin and Diarrhea--Infantile

A double-blind study was conducted to test the prophylactic effect of a non-absorbable broad-spectrum antimicrobial (oral colistin sulfate) against acute diarrhea in Apache children. Children 1 to 6 months old had over twice the morbidity from diarrhea if assigned to the antimicrobial group as compared to placebo, while the toddler group (7-30 months) taking the antimicrobial had somewhat less diarrhea. Enteropathogenic E. coli were significantly more often isolated from the antimicrobial group (but only in well children). No special effect on the children's growth by the antimicrobial was discerned.

Topics: Age Factors; Arizona; Body Weight; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Evaluation; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Humans; Indians, North American; Infant; Male; Placebos; Salmonella; Shigella

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica is a major global concern. Recent findings suggest that colistin as a last resort treatment for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria is seriously threatened by the report of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in China.. A total of 827 S. Typhimurium isolates were recovered from 4 cities of China, including Henan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Hubei provinces. Subsequently, mcr-1 presence was identified by PCR screening. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using a 96-well microtiter plate. Plasmid conjugation transfer experiments were conducted using Escherichia coli J53 as the recipient.. Only one mcr-1 positive strain from the stool sample of an infant with acute diarrhea was isolated. Apart from colistin, the mcr-1-positive isolate showed co-resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, gentamicin, and cefotaxime revealing a multidrug-resistant phenotype. This strain harbored mcr-1 on a 227 kb IncHI2 plasmid, termed pJZ26, which could be transferred to E. coli J53. In addition to mcr-1, pJZ26 coharbored other resistance genes, including aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, fosA, floR, sul2, and bla. These findings highlight that the fact the mcr-1-harboring plasmid pJZ26 has a high potential to disseminate the mcr-1 gene and further challenge the clinical treatment.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Infant; Plasmids; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium; Serogroup

Topics: Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Duodenum; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Furazolidone; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pseudomonas

Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Infant

Between December, 1974, and August 1975, intestinal illness occurred in 55 of 205 infants admitted to the special-care nurseries of a large children's hospital. Escherichia coli serotype 078:K80:H12, which produced a heat-stable enterotoxin, was isolated from 18 of 25 symptomatic infants as compared with 14 of 55 asymptomatic infants (P less than 0.001). Colistin administered prophylactically to 24 culture-negative asymptomatic infants did not prevent colonization in 10, whereas colonization did occur in 22 of 56 not receiving colistin (P = 1.0). This outbreak provides laboratory and epidemiologic evidence that heat-stable enterotoxigenic Esch. coli is pathogenic in human beings and produces infantile diarrhea.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Hot Temperature; Humans; Infant; Nurseries, Infant

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin

Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disease Outbreaks; England; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Odorants; Parenteral Nutrition; Vomiting

Topics: Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Solutions; Sucrose

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disease Outbreaks; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; New Jersey

Topics: Colistin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding

Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Vaccination

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Cross Infection; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Furazolidone; Germany, West; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Polymyxins; Pregnancy; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Bismuth; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Lactates; Opium; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tannins; Tetracycline

Topics: Colistin; Cross Infection; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Humans; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Polymyxins; Propiophenones; Streptomycin; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Therapy; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Humans; Infant; Neomycin

Topics: Candidiasis; Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Enterocolitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Intestines; Toxicology

Topics: Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Sprains and Strains; Syndrome

Topics: Colistin; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans; Infant