colistin and Anemia--Aplastic

The widespread use of antibiotics has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. 'ESKAPE' (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acintobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens play a major role in the rapidly changing scenario of antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that was abandoned in developed countries due to its association with fatal aplastic anemia. However, it is still widely used in the developing world. In light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant pathogens, its role should be reassessed. Our paper reviews in vitro data on the activity of chloramphenicol against ESKAPE pathogens. Susceptibility patterns for Gram-positives were good, although less favorable for Gram-negatives. However, in combination with colistin, chloramphenicol was found to have synergistic activity. The risk-benefit related to chloramphenicol toxicity has not been analyzed. Therefore, extra precautions should be taken when prescribing this agent.

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Anemia, Aplastic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacter; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Framycetin; Humans; Male; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Rectal Fistula; Rectum; Sterilization

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Transfusion; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diet Therapy; Female; Fructose; Hemostatics; Hepatitis A; Humans; Male; Methandrostenolone; Methylprednisolone; Oxacillin; Paromomycin; Prednisone

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Testosterone; Tetracycline