colistin and Abscess

A novel type of carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase 1 (NDM 1), was first identified in 2008 in two Enterobacteriacea isolates, both recovered from a Swedish patient transferred from India. The emergence of NDM 1 is now reported from all continents, often in patients with a history of travel or hospitalization in the Indian subcontinent. The NDM 1 producing Gram-negative bacteria are mainly Enterobacteriaceae, which can cause colonization or fatal infections, with worrying antimicrobial susceptibility profiles: some isolates have developed resistance to practically all available antibiotics. Is the NDM-1 the super-bug? Are we in the post-antibiotic era? This review is a summary of currently available knowledge of NDM-1 that draws attention to future antimicrobial resistance scenarios.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Buttocks; Colistin; Diabetes Complications; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; India; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Sweden; Travel; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Epidemiological Monitoring; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hospitals; Humans; Meat; Prevalence; Sputum; Taiwan; Urine

Two rare species of Pseudomonas were isolated from corneal ulcers in two patients. In the first case P. acidovorans was isolated and suspected as the primary pathogenic microorganism in human disease. In the second case P. stutzeri was isolated from ocular sources, but this is the first report of its role in causing corneal disease. The patient in the second case had a scarred cornea, possibly caused by a previous herpetic infection, and this may have been a predisposing factor to the development of the infection by P. stutzeri. Susceptibility studies of both organisms revealed sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics but resistance to carbenicillin, a drug currently used in the treatment of infections from P. aeruginosa.

Topics: Abscess; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Corneal Ulcer; Edema; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections

To define factors contributing to the adverse prognosis of patients with gram-negative bacillemia and abscess formation, we studied the interaction between polymyxin B, colistin sulfate, gentamicin, or carbenicillin with purulent material. Carbenicillin activity was not significantly altered by incubation with pus. Equal volumes of antibiotic and purulent sediment decreased the effective concentration of polymyxin B, colistin sulfate, or gentamicin from 100 mug/ml to 3 to 6 mug/ml. One milliliter of purulent sediment bound more than 700 mug of gentamicin and 1,500 mug of polymyxin B or colistin sulfate. This effect occurred rapidly, proceeded at 4 and 37 C, was stable for 24 to 48 h, and was altered, but not abolished, by varying the pH of the solution. Antibiotic activity could be removed from pus by high concentrations of protamine sulfate, heparin, sodium chloride, or potassium chloride, suggesting binding rather than inactivation.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Assay; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Gentamicins; Humans; Polymyxins; Protamines; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Suppuration

Topics: Abscess; Colistin; Female; Fistula; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Salmonella Infections

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cellulitis; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Hand; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Appendicitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Female; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Diseases; Rolitetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Chloramphenicol; Chondroitin; Colistin; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Colistin; Cornea; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Topics: Abscess; Amphotericin B; Brain Abscess; Candidiasis; Carrier State; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Deoxyribonucleases; DNA; Empyema; Enteritis; Humans; Kanamycin; Meningitis; Methicillin; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Phlebitis; Pneumonia; Pneumothorax; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfadiazine; Troleandomycin

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Animals; Child; Colistin; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Corynebacterium; Dacryocystitis; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Ophthalmology; Orbit; Osmosis; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Ulcer; Uveitis

Topics: Abscess; Cellulitis; Colistin; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Methicillin; Neoplasms; Pharmacology; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Sepsis; Sinusitis; Statistics as Topic; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Colistin; Dermatologic Agents; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Lung Abscess; Pneumonia; Rats