cobamamide and Breast-Neoplasms

To study the biodistribution of a vitamin B12 analog, indium In 111-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetate adenosylcobalamin (In 111 DAC), in patients recently diagnosed as having primary or recurrent malignancy.. Thirty patients (14 women and 16 men) with radiographically or clinically diagnosed breast, lung, colon, sarcomatous, thyroid, or central nervous system malignancies were studied prior to definitive surgery or biopsy. A maximum of 650 microCi (2.2 microg) of In 111 DAC was administered intravenously. Vitamin B12 and folate levels were determined prior to injection. Serum clearance and urinary and stool excretion of the tracer were measured. Images were routinely obtained at 0.5, 3 to 5, and 20 to 24 hours after injection. Biodistribution of In 111 DAC was determined by computer analysis of regions of interest.. Serum T1/2 clearance was 7 minutes. Average urinary and stool excretion of the injected dose over 24 hours was 26.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The greatest focal uptake of In 111 DAC occurred in the liver and spleen, followed by the nasal cavity and salivary and lacrimal glands. The average tumor uptake of the injected dose was 2% at 30 minutes and 1.5% at 24 hours. High-grade primary and metastatic breast, lung, colon, thyroid, and sarcomatous malignancies were all imaged at 3 to 5 hours after injection. Central nervous system tumors and advanced metastatic prostate cancer were best identified at 24 hours. Mammographically occult, palpable, and nonpalpable breast cancers were delineated by In 111 DAC. Low-grade malignancies as well as early skeletal metastatic disease were not effectively imaged by the vitamin B12 tracer. Patients with elevated baseline vitamin B12 or those concurrently taking corticosteroids appeared to have optimal visualization of their malignancies.. Vitamin B12 may be a useful vehicle for delivering diagnostic and therapeutic agents to various malignancies. Further evaluation of cobalamin analogs and their interaction with transport proteins and cellular receptors within malignant tissue and infection is warranted.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Cobamides; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Indium Radioisotopes; Infusions, Intravenous; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tissue Distribution

Vitamin B12 is essential for life. Lack of it results in pernicious anemia and death. Conversely, the demand for vitamin B12 increases in rapidly dividing tumors. This is secondary to the direct involvement of vitamin B12 in mitochondrial metabolism as well as its indirect role in the production of thymidylate and S-adenosylmethionine. The latter 2 substances are needed for DNA synthesis and cellular methylation reactions, respectively. Novel radiolabeling of adenosylcobalamin has proven to be useful in the imaging of transplanted and spontaneous tumors in animals. Herein, we describe what we believe to be the first human to have imaging with conventional gamma cameras of vitamin B12 metabolism in a breast tumor.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Cobamides; Female; Humans; Indium Radioisotopes; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pentetic Acid; Radionuclide Imaging