clozapine and Microcephaly

Neuroleptic and anticonvulsant drugs are used to reduce the occurrence of aberrant behaviors, seizures, or both in individuals with mental retardation. However, their use may disrupt the learning of desired skills, and the extent to which anatomical (e.g., microencephaly) or biochemical abnormalities or both in such individuals alter the effects of drugs on learning is not known. In this study, the effects of neuroleptics and anticonvulsants on learning and performance in a repeated acquisition task in methylazoxymethanol-induced microencephalic and saline control rats were assessed. Thioridazine was more potent in microencephalic rats than in control rats in increasing errors and decreasing response rates. Clozapine was equally potent in both microencephalic and control rats in increasing errors and decreasing response rates. The effect of carbamazepine was biphasic in both rat groups: Low doses decreased errors and increased response rates, whereas higher doses did the opposite.

Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Clozapine; Conditioning, Operant; Female; Learning; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate; Microcephaly; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Teratogens; Thioridazine