clozapine and Dermatitis

Objective Serious infections or inflammations have been associated with serum clozapine concentration increases and sometimes with clozapine toxicity. Method These two cases describe Chinese patients (Case 1: a 57-year-old female nonsmoker with severe dermatitis and Case 2: a 47-year-old male nonsmoker with influenza and secondary infection). Results In both cases, the Drug Interaction Probability Scale established the presence of a probable drug-drug interaction. In both cases, the clozapine and the total clozapine concentration-to-dose ratios followed a temporal pattern (normal-high-normal), consistent with an inhibition of clozapine metabolism during peak inflammation. In the first case, the total clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio (8 with no/low inflammation: median of 3.10 and 2 at peak inflammation: median of 3.90) provided a significant difference (P = 0.044). In the second patient, because of the smaller sample size and reduced statistical power (4 with no infection: a median of 1.59 and 2 at peak infection: 3.46), the increase did not reach significance (P = 0.13). In the first case, the median baseline clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio increased by a factor of 1.45 from 2.00 to a peak of 2.89. To compensate for the inhibition of clozapine metabolism, the dose correction factor was 0.69 (1/1.45) or a decrease in dose of approximately one-third. In the second case, the median baseline clozapine concentration-to-dose ratio increased by a factor of 2.56 from 1.15 to a peak of 2.94. Conclusion This provided a dose correction factor of 0.40 (1/2.56) or approximately half the dose, similar to published cases in Caucasians with serious respiratory infections.

Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Asian People; Clozapine; Cytokines; Dermatitis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; Respiratory Tract Infections