clove and Tuberculosis--Bovine

Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in cattle in Madagascar. An epidemiological study based on genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis and its transmission to humans was carried out. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110 and DR markers) and spoligotyping were used to assess the genetic diversity of strains from different regions of Madagascar. One of these strains was isolated from goat, the other strains were isolated from zebu cattle. Nine IS6110 profiles, 20 DR profiles and 12 spoligotypes were obtained. About 90% of all isolates gave a single IS6110 band at about 1.8 kb. Most strains had the same spoligotype. M. bovis strains commonly lack spacers 39-43, and all Malagasy strains also lacked spacers 3-5, 8-10 and 16. This pattern has not been reported elsewhere. DR was the most discriminatory of the three markers. The patterns obtained with the three markers were combined to identify 34 different genotypes, one of which was found in 35% of the strains. No region-specific M. bovis genotype was identified, but the genotyping of 18 M. bovis strains isolated from patients showed that the human and bovine strains were identical, suggesting possible human contamination from zebu cattle.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; DNA, Intergenic; Epidemiologic Methods; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goats; Humans; Madagascar; Mycobacterium bovis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Bovine; Zoonoses

A sample survey with the objective of determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis by means of an intradermal tuberculin test was conducted in Madagascar and it was found that the prevalence rate varied from 0-30% by veterinary district. In order to estimate the true prevalence, the validity of the test was investigated by assessing its sensitivity and specificity in two groups of animals from two different regions, which were destined for slaughter. In the first group where the probability of non-infected animals should have been the highest, sensitivity was estimated at 0.52 (n = 21) and specificity at 0.99 (n = 79). In the second group selected on the basis of apparent ill health of the animals in a high-prevalence bovine tuberculosis area, sensitivity was estimated at 0.8 (n = 10) and specificity at 1 (n = 12). The results obtained from both groups of cattle were not combined for statistical purposes because the sensitivity of the skin test seemed to fluctuate in relation to the chronicity of the disease. These fluctuations are discussed. However, since the first group of zebu cattle was more representative of the cattle population across the country as a whole, its results were retained as operational parameters for further screening.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chronic Disease; Intradermal Tests; Madagascar; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Bovine

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Fascioliasis; Madagascar; Male; Statistics as Topic; Tuberculosis, Bovine

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Cattle; False Positive Reactions; Hemagglutination Tests; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunodiffusion; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Madagascar; Methods; Precipitin Tests; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Bovine

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Madagascar; Tuberculosis, Bovine

Topics: Abattoirs; Age Factors; Animals; Cattle; Food Inspection; Madagascar; Sex Factors; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Bovine