clove and Thyroid-Neoplasms

Our aim was to find out the prevalence of oral clefts in Madagascar, to compare it with elsewhere in the world, and to give the possible cause of the particular rate in the Vakinankaratra region where Antsirabe is situated. Data were collected from birth registers from 1998 to 2007 in the 10 most important hospitals of the 6 former provinces and of Antsirabe. A total of 150,973 consecutive live births were recorded in the 6 provinces, and 175,981 including those from Antsirabe. The general birth prevalence of oral clefts was 0.48‰ (about 1/2100, n=150,973) which was made up of 0.23‰, 0.12‰, and 0.11‰ for cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft lip, and isolated cleft palate, respectively. Prevalence was greater on the Central Highlands than in the coastal regions. Higher prevalence rates were found among girls than boys (64.4% compared with 35.6%, p<0.01). Of the clefts, 65.5% were unilateral, and left-sided ones were most common (77.8%). If the results obtained in Antsirabe are also considered, birth prevalence of oral clefts was 0.92‰ (about 1/1100, n=175,981) if Antsirabe is included, and 0.41-0.50‰ in the 6 former provinces; rates of associated, or syndromic, forms, or both, were 21.9% in the 6 provinces and 26.1% in Antsirabe. Overall, the prevalence of oral clefts in Madagascar does not differ from that in the rest of the world, except for the sex difference. There was a high prevalence of oral clefts in general and associated or syndromic forms, or both, in the Vakinankaratra region. There may be a link between these results and background high doses of ionising radiation in some areas because of the presence of former uranium mines. Further research is needed to obtain more precise data.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced; Birth Certificates; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Female; Fetus; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Prevalence; Radiation, Ionizing; Retrospective Studies; Sex Distribution; Thyroid Neoplasms; Uranium

This is a retrospective study, conducted on thyroid cancer observed for 13 months (from June 1(st) 2004 to June 30(th) 2005). Data were collected from four main surgical pathology laboratories in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Among 6,036 surgical samples, 179 were of thyroid gland, a rate that is near 3% of the total. Among them were found 40 cases of thyroid cancer, which is 0.66% of all screened samples, and 22.32% of all examined thyroid samples. In the studied population was observed a female preponderance (82%) with a mean age of 43.9 years when diagnosis was confirmed. It was evidenced a 50 % of papillary carcinoma and 45% of follicular carcinoma, with a rate of 2.5% respectively for the medullar and anaplastic carcinoma. Metastases were seen in 20%, originated from papillary type for the lymph node involvement and from the follicular type for the bone involvement. In Antananarivo, thyroid cancer is seen mainly in people from the surrounding Highlands, supposed to be sites of endemic goiter related to iodine deficiency. Despite its limits, this study may be used as reference about thyroid cancer in Madagascar. Further studies are required to find out other factors involved in the development of this disease.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Papillary; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sex Ratio; Thyroid Neoplasms

Little information is available about diseases and pathology of species within the family Tenrecidae, including the greater hedgehog tenrec (Setifer setosus), a Madagascan insectivore. This report summarizes necropsy and histopathologic findings of neoplasia in four captive greater hedgehog tenrecs. Although only four animals are included in this report, neoplasia seems to be a common and significant source of morbidity and mortality in greater hedgehog tenrecs. Types of neoplasia identified include a thyroid follicular-solid carcinoma, two urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas, uterine endometrial polyps, and multicentric B-cell lymphoma. Due to small sample size, no etiology could be determined, but genetics, viral infection, pesticide treatment, nutrition, or other environmental factors might contribute to the development of neoplasia in this species. This is the first report of neoplasia in greater hedgehog tenrecs.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cause of Death; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Hedgehogs; Immunohistochemistry; Madagascar; Male; Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Developing Countries; Goiter; Humans; Madagascar; Radionuclide Imaging; Socioeconomic Factors; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Thyrotropin; Ultrasonography

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestive System Neoplasms; Ethnicity; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver Neoplasms; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Retinoblastoma; Sex Factors; Thyroid Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms