clove and Skin-Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms

Madagascar is the principal area of endemic chromomycosis in the world with 1 400 cases registered from 1955 to 1996. Malignant transformation is rare and only 12 cases have been reported. We describe herein two new cases of squamous carcinoma arising from chronic lesions of chromomycosis. These carcinomas which develop slowly and are non invasive, are similar to those arising from burns, tropical phagedenic ulcers and chronic leprosy ulcers. Epidemiological aspects, histopathology and treatment are described.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromoblastomycosis; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms

Skin cancers are malignant keratinizing tumors of epidermal, melaninic or adnexal origin. These cancers are still little known. However they affect people living in Madagascar where the amount of sunshine remains very high with an impact that varies depending on the skin type. The purpose of our study was to determine the epidemio-clinical profile of skin cancers in Antananarivo.. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of skin cancers in the Department of Oncology of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital, Antananarivo over a period of seven years. It included patients with tumoral skin lesions confirmed by histological examination.. We collected data from 47 cases of skin cancers (male predominance; sex ratio 1.13). The average age of patients was 49.3 years. Farmers were the most affected. The lesions mainly occurred in the head, neck (44%) and lower limbs (42%). Localized skin cancers were detected in 61.7% of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common skin cancer in Madagascar (37%), followed by the melanoma (21%) and the basal cell carcinoma (11%). Treatment was mainly based on surgery (74.19%).. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in Madagascar, followed by melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancers affect mainly the young population and require appropriate management.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms

This study focused on the inhibitory effect of rhodomyrtone, a bioactive compound isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk., on cancer metastasis in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and on the verification of the underlying related molecular mechanisms of this event. We demonstrated that rhodomyrtone at the subcytotoxic concentration (0.5 and 1.5 µg/ml) exhibited pronounced inhibition of cancer metastasis by reducing cell migration, cell adhesive ability and cell invasion of A431 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Data demonstrated that rhodomyrtone could inhibit the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), c-Raf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK involved in the downregulation the enzyme activities and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Moreover, we found that rhodomyrtone increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, which are inhibitors of MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. Rhodomyrtone also inhibited the expression of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that rhodomyrtone inhibited A431 cell metastasis by reducing MMP-2/9 activities and expression through inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 and FAK/Akt signaling pathways via NF-κB activities. This finding suggested that rhodomyrtone may be a novel antimetastasis agent for treatment of skin cancer cells.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Myrtaceae; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Plant Preparations; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; Skin Neoplasms; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; Xanthones

The Unit of the anatomo-pathology in the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar" (IPM) examined in the period from September 1992 to June 1996 tissue specimens from 10,275 patients. Tumorous pathology presented 40% of the tissues and half of which were of malign etiology. 64% of the cancer diagnosed were in females. Cervical cancer was most frequently observed (17%), followed by breast cancer (16%). Cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract (15%) was most often located in the colon without sex difference. Stomach cancer occurring predominantly in males presented 25% of the total cases of cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract. Cancer of liver is rarely diagnosed despite the high prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus. Skin cancer constituted 9% of the malign diagnosis and was mainly found in males. Children under 15 years old presented 7.4% of the total cases of malignancy with the haematopoietic tissues (30%) and the eyes (17%) as the most frequent topic locations. Due to a very low seroprevalence of the HIV in Madagascar, malign tumours associated to AIDS were only seen in a few rare cases. The review of cancer cases in the IPM may not be representative for the cancer epidemiology of Madagascar because of a general very low level of health care coverage, especially in the rural areas. Furthermore, a major part of the specimens originates from easily accessible organsystems, whereas other organs seem less investigated due to lack of appropriate available technique. Therefore, it is not feasible for the moment to establish a cancer register in Madagascar, although the Unit of Pathology in the IPM can offer a valid cancer diagnostical service.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Colonic Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Infant; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The authors report on two cases of dermal neoplasia in foot trophic disorders observed in leprous subjects. The report includes the description of the clinic and histologic data as well as the surgical technique used; finally, it underlines the importance of a precocious diagnostic so as to obtain a good therapeutic result.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma; Female; Foot Diseases; Humans; Leprosy; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Neoplasms