clove and Neoplasms

Continuous efforts from scientists of diverse fields are necessary not only to better understand the mechanism by which multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells occur, but also to boost the discovery of new cytotoxic compounds to fight MDR phenotypes.. The present review reports on the contribution of African flora in the discovery of potential cytotoxic phytochemicals against MDR cancer cells. Methodology. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge were used to retrieve publications related to African plants, isolated compounds, and drug resistant cancer cells. The data were analyzed to highlight cytotoxicity and the modes of actions of extracts and compounds of the most prominent African plants. Also, thresholds and cutoff points for the cytotoxicity and modes of action of phytochemicals have been provided.. Most published data related to the antiproliferative potential of African medicinal plants were from Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, or Madagascar. The cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds isolated in African plants was generally much better documented than that of terpenoids and alkaloids.. African flora represents an enormous resource for novel cytotoxic compounds. To unravel the full potential, efforts should be strengthened throughout the continent, to meet the challenge of a successful fight against MDR cancers.

Topics: Alkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Cameroon; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Egypt; Humans; Madagascar; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Neoplasms; Nigeria; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal

Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death. However, its relationship with breast cancer subtypes remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to construct a disulfidptosis-associated breast cancer subtype prediction model. We obtained 19 disulfidptosis-related genes from published articles and performed correlation analysis with lncRNAs differentially expressed in breast cancer. We then used the random forest algorithm to select important lncRNAs and establish a breast cancer subtype prediction model. We identified 132 lncRNAs significantly associated with disulfidptosis (FDR < 0.01, |R|> 0.15) and selected the first four important lncRNAs to build a prediction model (training set AUC = 0.992). The model accurately predicted breast cancer subtypes (test set AUC = 0.842). Among the key lncRNAs, LINC02188 had the highest expression in the Basal subtype, while LINC01488 and GATA3-AS1 had the lowest expression in Basal. In the Her2 subtype, LINC00511 had the highest expression level compared to other key lncRNAs. GATA3-AS1 had the highest expression in LumA and LumB subtypes, while LINC00511 had the lowest expression in these subtypes. In the Normal subtype, GATA3-AS1 had the highest expression level compared to other key lncRNAs. Our study also found that key lncRNAs were closely related to RNA methylation modification and angiogenesis (FDR < 0.05, |R|> 0.1), as well as immune infiltrating cells (P.adj < 0.01, |R|> 0.1). Our random forest model based on disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs can accurately predict breast cancer subtypes and provide a new direction for research on clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer.

Topics: Cell Death; Myrtaceae; Neoplasms; Oncogenes; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Long Noncoding

Volatile constituents isolated from the stems (S) and leaves (L) of Pimenta dioica (PD) and Pimenta racemosa (PR) during the four seasons were analyzed using GLC/FID (Gas liquid chromatography - flame ionization detector) and GLC/MS (Gas liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry). Eighty-nine compounds were identified in all samples, in which oxygenated monoterpene represented by eugenol was the major constituent in PDS-S3 (autumn) (88.71%) and PDS-S2 (summer) (88.41%). Discrimination between P. dioica and P. racemosa leaves and stems in different seasons was achieved by applying chemometrics analysis comprising Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchal Cluster Analysis (HCA). For P. dioica, they were partially segregated where leaves collected from spring and autumn were superimposed, and similarly for P. dioica stems collected in summer and autumn. For P. racemosa leaves, the PCA score plot showed that all seasons were completely segregated from each other, with the winter and autumn samples being in very close distance to each other. P. racemosa stems collected in autumn and spring exhibited significant variation, as they were completely detached from each other. Moreover, summer and winter fell in a near distance to each other. An in vitro cell viability assay was done to evaluate the variation in the cytotoxicity of the isolated essential oils against breast (MCF-7), hepatic (HepG-2), and cervical (HeLa-2) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The maximum cytotoxic effect was observed by PDL against HeLa, HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values equal to 122.1, 139.6, and 178.7 μg mL-1, respectively. An in silico study was done to assess the cytotoxic effect of the major compounds detected in the oils by determining their inhibitory effect on human DNA topoisomerase II (TOP-2), human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). o-Cymene followed by eugenol showed the highest fitting with all of the examined proteins approaching doxorubicin. It can be concluded that GC coupled with chemometrics provide a strong tool for the discrimination of samples, while Pimenta could afford a natural drug that could alleviate cancer.

Topics: Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Metabolomics; Myrtaceae; Neoplasms; Oils, Volatile; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pimenta; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Seasons; Volatile Organic Compounds

Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunotherapy; Madagascar; Neoplasms; Philately; United States

Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Patient Transfer; Retrospective Studies

The blood group of Malagasy patients with cancer have never been the subject of previous publications. Our objective was to determine the blood group of Malagasy patients with cancer followed in the Medical Oncology Unit of the Soavinandriana Teaching Hospital, Antananarivo. This was a one-year retrospective study (November 2012 to October 2013) in patients over the age of 15 with histological or pathological evidence of their cancer. One hundred and thirty of the 258 patients identified had an ABO blood group determination (50.39%). Among these 130 patients, 114 patients (87.69%) had solid tumors and 16 patients (12.31%) had hematologic malignancies. Thirty seven (28.49%) patients were transfused and 93 (71.54%) not transfused. There were 57 men and 73 women (sex ratio = 0.78), the average age was 55.11 +/- 14.76 years. With regard to their blood group, 52 patients (40%) were blood group B, 44 (33.84%) group O, 27 (20.76%) group A and 7 (5.38%) group AB. The order of blood group frequency of cancer patients in our series differs from other studies. This study has allowed us to know the proportion of each blood group in our Unit and thus help us in the management of stocks of labile blood products in our hospital.

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adult; Aged; Blood Transfusion; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Female; Hospitals, Military; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sex Distribution

Topics: Biopsy; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pleura; Pleurisy; Retrospective Studies

Little information is available about diseases and pathology of species within the family Tenrecidae, including the greater hedgehog tenrec (Setifer setosus), a Madagascan insectivore. This report summarizes necropsy and histopathologic findings of neoplasia in four captive greater hedgehog tenrecs. Although only four animals are included in this report, neoplasia seems to be a common and significant source of morbidity and mortality in greater hedgehog tenrecs. Types of neoplasia identified include a thyroid follicular-solid carcinoma, two urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas, uterine endometrial polyps, and multicentric B-cell lymphoma. Due to small sample size, no etiology could be determined, but genetics, viral infection, pesticide treatment, nutrition, or other environmental factors might contribute to the development of neoplasia in this species. This is the first report of neoplasia in greater hedgehog tenrecs.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cause of Death; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Hedgehogs; Immunohistochemistry; Madagascar; Male; Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The main public health issue in Madagascar at the beginning of the 21st century still involves transmissible infectious diseases including re-emerging diseases such as bubonic plague and emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS, dengue fever and Chikungunya virus infection. Health and hygiene especially access to clean water is still poor especially in rural areas. No improvement in the public health situation with regard to malaria, schistomosomiais or cysticercosis as well as non-infectious diseases such as protein-energy malnutrition is expected within the next decade.

Topics: Anemia, Sickle Cell; Animals; Bites and Stings; Communicable Diseases; Delivery of Health Care; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus; Geography; Humans; Madagascar; Malnutrition; Neoplasms; Public Health; Sanitation

The Unit of the anatomo-pathology in the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar" (IPM) examined in the period from September 1992 to June 1996 tissue specimens from 10,275 patients. Tumorous pathology presented 40% of the tissues and half of which were of malign etiology. 64% of the cancer diagnosed were in females. Cervical cancer was most frequently observed (17%), followed by breast cancer (16%). Cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract (15%) was most often located in the colon without sex difference. Stomach cancer occurring predominantly in males presented 25% of the total cases of cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract. Cancer of liver is rarely diagnosed despite the high prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus. Skin cancer constituted 9% of the malign diagnosis and was mainly found in males. Children under 15 years old presented 7.4% of the total cases of malignancy with the haematopoietic tissues (30%) and the eyes (17%) as the most frequent topic locations. Due to a very low seroprevalence of the HIV in Madagascar, malign tumours associated to AIDS were only seen in a few rare cases. The review of cancer cases in the IPM may not be representative for the cancer epidemiology of Madagascar because of a general very low level of health care coverage, especially in the rural areas. Furthermore, a major part of the specimens originates from easily accessible organsystems, whereas other organs seem less investigated due to lack of appropriate available technique. Therefore, it is not feasible for the moment to establish a cancer register in Madagascar, although the Unit of Pathology in the IPM can offer a valid cancer diagnostical service.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Colonic Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Infant; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Developing Countries; Drug Industry; Humans; Madagascar; Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; United States; Vinblastine; Vincristine

Topics: Academies and Institutes; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Madagascar; Male; Neoplasms; Sex Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Examination; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Male; Neoplasms

Available data on cancer rates in Madagascar are given. Cervical cancer is the most common, accounting for 28% of diagnosed tumours and 47% of genital tumours in women. It occurs most often in women of about 40 years of age. Penile cancer represents 5.2% of male tumours but occurs at different rates in various ethnic groups. Kaposi's sarcoma is rare in Madagascar. Equally hepatocellular carcinoma occurs at a low incidence in this country and is found most frequently in males over the age of 40 years. Cancer control programmes and the problems they encounter are also discussed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Penile Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestive System Neoplasms; Ethnicity; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver Neoplasms; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Retinoblastoma; Sex Factors; Thyroid Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Asian People; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Madagascar; Neoplasms