clove and Heartwater-Disease

Twelve species of Amblyomma are presently known to be capable of transmitting Cowdria ruminantium. Of these A. variegatum is the most important and widely distributed vector in Africa. It has also extended its range considerably outside this continent, eastward to the Yemen Arab Republic and to the islands of Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius, and westward to the Cape Verde islands and to some of the West Indian islands. A. hebraeum is probably the only field vector in most parts of southern Africa. A 3rd species, A. lepidum, is known to have been involved in field outbreaks of heartwater in the Sudan. Two other species are also currently regarded as field vectors of Cowdria: A. astrion on the islands of São Tomé and Principe, and A. pomposum in Angola. Another 5 African species (A. cohaerens, A. gemma, A. tholloni, A. sparsum and A. marmoreum) have proved to be capable of transmitting heartwater in the laboratory, as have 2 American species (A. maculatum and A. cajennense), but none of these ticks have been implicated in field outbreaks of the disease.

Topics: Africa; Animals; Female; Heartwater Disease; Insect Vectors; Madagascar; Male; Rickettsiaceae; South America; Ticks; United States; West Indies; Yemen

Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Bacteriological Techniques; Cattle; Chick Embryo; Culture Media; Culture Techniques; Guinea Pigs; Heartwater Disease; Madagascar; Mice; Rabbits; Rickettsia

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Goats; Heartwater Disease; Insect Vectors; Leucomycins; Madagascar; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Ticks; Vaccination

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Disease Vectors; Goats; Heartwater Disease; Madagascar; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Ticks