clove and Breast-Neoplasms

The bioavailability and metabolism of anthocyanins and ellagitannins following acute intake of grumixama fruit, native Brazilian cherry, by humans, and its in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were investigated. A single dose of grumixama juice was administered to healthy women (n = 10) and polyphenol metabolites were analyzed in urine and plasma samples collected over 24 h. The majority of the metabolites circulating and excreted in urine were phenolic acids and urolithin conjugates, the gut microbiota catabolites of both classes of polyphenols, respectively. According to pharmacokinetic parameters, the subjects were divided into two distinct groups, high and low urinary metabolite excretors. The pool of polyphenol metabolites found in urine samples showed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings demonstrate the large interindividual variability concerning the polyphenol metabolism, which possibly could reflect in health promotion.

Topics: Adult; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Eugenia; Female; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Plant Extracts; Plant Preparations; Polyphenols; Young Adult

Adaptive metabolic response towards a low oxygen environment is essential to maintain rapid tumour proliferation and progression. The vascular network that surrounds the tumour develops an intermittent hypoxic condition and stimulates hypoxia-inducing factors. Baeckea frutescens is used in traditional medicine and known to possess antibacterial and cytoprotective properties. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of B. frutescens leaves and branches extracts against hypoxic human breast cancer (MCF-7) was investigated.. The extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus for ethanol and hexane extracts while the water extracts were freeze-dried. In vitro cytotoxic activities of B. frutescens extracts of various concentrations (20 to 160 μg/mL) at 24, 48, and 72 hours time points were studied using MTT in chemically induced hypoxic condition and in 3-dimensional in vitro cell culture system. An initial characterisation of B. frutescens extracts was carried out using Fourier-transform Infrared- Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) to determine the presence of functional groups.. All leaf extracts except for water showed IC50 values ranging from 23 -158 μg/mL. Hexane extract showed the lowest IC50 value (23 μg/mL), indicating its potent cytotoxic activity. Among the branch extracts, only the 70% ethanolic extract (B70) showed an IC50 value. The hexane leaf extract tested on 3- dimensional cultured cells showed an IC50 value of 17.2 μg/mL. The FTIR-ATR spectroscopy analysis identified various characteristic peak values with different functional groups such as alcohol, alkenes, alkynes, carbonyl, aromatic rings, ethers, ester, and carboxylic acids. Interestingly, the FTIR-ATR spectra report a complex and unique profile of the hexane extract, which warrants further investigation.. Adaptation of tumour cells to hypoxia significantly contributes to the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of different tumours. The identification of B. frutescens and its possible role in eliminating breast cancer cells in hypoxic conditions defines a new role of natural product that can be utilised as an effective agent that regulates metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Myrtaceae; Plant Extracts

we conducted the first epidemiological study of patients with breast cancers living in Fianarantsoa. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of these patients in the Department of Oncology Fianarantsoa.. we conducted a retrospective and descriptive study in the Department of Oncology at the University Hospital Center of Tambohobe over a period of 8 years (2011-2018). All patients with breast cancer diagnosed based on cytological and/or histological examination were included. The parameters studied were: age, occupation, a family history of breast cancer, menarche, menopause, parity, use of oral contraceptives, smoking, circumstances leading to detection, breast symptoms, signs of locoregional and distant spread, tumour site and stage of the disease.. the study included 62 patients with an average age of 52.83 ± 10.47 years. Housewives accounted for 39% (n = 24) of cases. No patient had an early menarche. Late menopause had occurred in 6.45% (n = 4) of patients and a family history of breast cancer was found in 8.06% (n = 5) of patients. Chewing tobacco was used by 17.74% (n = 11) of patients. Patients reporting breast symptoms accounted for 95.2% (n = 59). Breast cancers had affected the upper outer quadrant in 53.23% (n = 33) of cases. Stage III breast cancer was diagnosed in 55% (n = 34) of cases and stage IV in 32% (n = 20) of cases.. in patients diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage, risk factors for breast cancer were little observed.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Madagascar; Menarche; Menopause; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors

Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) has been utilized in folk medicine and its pharmacological properties are widely studied. Phytochemicals are effectively recognized as bases of pharmacologically potent drugs for the development of anticancer therapeutics. The free radical scavenging potential of numerous extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves, Hexane leaf extract (HLE), Chloroform leaf extract (CLE), Ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), Methanol leaf extract (MLE), and Aqueous leaf extract (ALE)) were determined by Biochemical assay. We evaluated the anticancer activity of C. lanceolatus leaves extracts against different human cancer cell lines viz liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF7), and normal human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell line. The ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves showed potential antiproliferative effects on HepG2 cells. On the basis of free radical scavenging potential and cytotoxicity studies, ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus leaves are further evaluated in detail for numerous biological activities. ELE and MLE extracts reduced the cell growth, ROS generation, lowering the potential of cell migration and inhibits the metastatic activity in HepG2 cell lines. ELE and MLE extracts treated HepG2 cells showed down-regulation of STAT3 and up-regulation of p53 and inhibition of cdk2 and cyclin A activity. Phytochemicals analysis have shown that the ELE and MLE possess some anticancer compounds like 4-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, neopentyl ester; fumaric acid, di(pent-4-en-2-yl) ester; 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl). Molecular docking results demonstrate that interactions of compounds present in ELE and MLE extracts with the SH2 domain of STAT3, might be responsible for their inhibitory effects. We have further concluded that the ELE and MLE extracts of C. lanceolatus arrests the cells at S and G2/M phase and subsequently induced cell death by regulating the DNA damage in HepG2 cells.

Topics: Acetates; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HEK293 Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; MCF-7 Cells; Methanol; Molecular Docking Simulation; Myrtaceae; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Protein Binding; Signal Transduction; Solvents; src Homology Domains; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy tumor amongst Malagasy women registered at the pathology unit of the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar". In Madagascar, there is no laboratory practicing hormone receptors' status on these tumors. Until now no study about hormone receptors' status of Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer was performed. So it will be the first study talking about this topic. The aim of this study was to determine hormone receptors' status in Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer.. This retrospective and descriptive study was based on patients' medical files from 2009 to 2011. It included all invasive breast cancer diagnosed in Malagasy women at the pathology laboratory located at the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar", in Antananarivo. Along this period this laboratory has sent paraffin blocks of invasive breast carcinoma in two pathological laboratories in France.. We collected 77 cases of invasive breast cancer along this period. The mean age was 48.8 +/- 10.7, ranging from 26 years to 70 years. There were 46.8 % (n = 36) women with progesterone receptor positive (PR+), 53.2 % (n = 41) with progesterone receptor negative (PR-). For the estrogen receptor, 61.0 % (n = 47) were positive and 36.4 % (n = 28) were negative. ER+/PR+ represented 44.2 % (n = 34); ER-/PR- 33.8 % (n = 26); ER +/ PR- 16.8 % (n = 13); ER-/PR+ and ER-/PR- represented respectively 2.6 % (n = 2).. Patients in our study had more important rate of ER-, PR- and a less important rate of ER+/PR+, PR+. These results suggest that more study related to Hormone Receptor profile should be conducted in Malagasy women with breast cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Female; Humans; Madagascar; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Retrospective Studies

Breast cancer is a great problem of public health all over the world. In developed countries, breast cancer represents the most common cancer in females. Its incidence is also increasing in developing country. In Madagascar, no data is available to estimate the real incidence and prevalence rates of breast cancer. However, the data at the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar can confirm the extent of the problem even if it is not at a national scale. The authors report the results of a retrospective study from histological examination at the Laboratory of pathological anatomy of the IPM, during 7 years. Among 2,337 cases of cancer, 16% (373) were breast cancer. Most of them were a female breast cancer (356 cases). The average age is 48 years old. 30% of the tumors were more than 2 cm in size, corresponding at least to the T2 stade from the International Union Against Cancer anatomoclinical classification. The current histological type is the infiltrating ductal carcinoma (80%), about 2/3 belong to the grade 3 of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histopronostical classification. Early diagnosis of the cancer is difficult because of the insufficiency of the sanitary infrastructure, particularly for cervical and breast cancers. A national policy for screening must be set up in order to decrease the rate of these invasive carcinomas. In the meantime, informing women and training all the medical staff is a priority. Recording all the data in Madagascar would be desirable.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Developing Countries; Female; Health Education; Health Policy; Humans; Incidence; Madagascar; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; National Health Programs; Needs Assessment; Neoplasm Staging; Primary Prevention; Public Health; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH extract of the bark of Casearia lucida resulted in the isolation of 11 new clerodane diterpenes, namely, casearlucins A-K (1-11), and three known clerodane diterpenoids, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (12), rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-methoxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (13), and rel-(2S,5R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (14). The structures of compounds 1-11 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. All compounds exhibited cytotoxicity activity against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, but none of the six compounds selected for testing in multiple cell lines showed significant selectivity.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Aorta, Thoracic; Breast Neoplasms; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Colonic Neoplasms; Diterpenes; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; HT29 Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Madagascar; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plant Bark; Plants, Medicinal; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Stereoisomerism; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Retrospective analysis of management and outcome of breast cancer in Madagascar.. From January 1996 to December 1998, 259 women with breast cancer were seen in the only department of oncology of the island, located in Antananarivo. It is equipped with a cobalt unit (unavailable in 1996). There was no uniform policy on surgery. Chemotherapy and hormonotherapy were not available for all patients. Reduced equipment enabled a minimal pre-therapeutic workshop.. Mean age was 48.5 years. One hundred and fifty-six women were premenopausal. The majority (69%) lived less than 50 km from the department. Tumours were at an advanced stage in 67% of the cases; the mean delay for diagnosis was 9.4 months. Treatments were done with curative intent in 118 cases and with palliative intent in 64 cases. Partial surgery (89) was adequate in 40.5% of the cases; total mastectomy concerned 94 women. Axillary lymph node dissection was done in 94 cases and was positive in 76 cases. The number of involved nodes was noticed in 47 cases. Curative radiotherapy concerned 106 patients, 41 after total mastectomy and 44 after lumpectomy, and was exclusive in 21 cases. Palliative irradiation was done locally with hypofractionation for 35 patients. Chemotherapy was performed in 86 women. The 4-year survival of the 136 assessable patients was 73%.. Improvement in breast cancer treatment outcome in Madagascar is the result of earlier diagnosis of the disease. Information and education of the population together with caregivers are necessary, because updating and improving technical equipment is not currently possible due to the economic problems that the country has to face.

Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Developing Countries; Health Education; Health Personnel; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Madagascar; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Needs Assessment; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Care; Radiotherapy; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Total Quality Management; Treatment Outcome

The Unit of the anatomo-pathology in the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar" (IPM) examined in the period from September 1992 to June 1996 tissue specimens from 10,275 patients. Tumorous pathology presented 40% of the tissues and half of which were of malign etiology. 64% of the cancer diagnosed were in females. Cervical cancer was most frequently observed (17%), followed by breast cancer (16%). Cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract (15%) was most often located in the colon without sex difference. Stomach cancer occurring predominantly in males presented 25% of the total cases of cancer in the gastro-intestinal tract. Cancer of liver is rarely diagnosed despite the high prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus. Skin cancer constituted 9% of the malign diagnosis and was mainly found in males. Children under 15 years old presented 7.4% of the total cases of malignancy with the haematopoietic tissues (30%) and the eyes (17%) as the most frequent topic locations. Due to a very low seroprevalence of the HIV in Madagascar, malign tumours associated to AIDS were only seen in a few rare cases. The review of cancer cases in the IPM may not be representative for the cancer epidemiology of Madagascar because of a general very low level of health care coverage, especially in the rural areas. Furthermore, a major part of the specimens originates from easily accessible organsystems, whereas other organs seem less investigated due to lack of appropriate available technique. Therefore, it is not feasible for the moment to establish a cancer register in Madagascar, although the Unit of Pathology in the IPM can offer a valid cancer diagnostical service.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Colonic Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Infant; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Madagascar; Middle Aged

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestive System Neoplasms; Ethnicity; Eye Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hydatidiform Mole; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver Neoplasms; Madagascar; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Retinoblastoma; Sex Factors; Thyroid Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms