clove and Abortion--Spontaneous

A 5 year prospective study on genital tuberculosis, a rather uncommon localization, has been undertaken in 11 women treated at the DAT-HIS of Antananarivo, Madagascar Clinical diagnosis is problematic, if not unfeasible, due to the polymorphism of genital tuberculosis in women. Only histological and bacteriological examinations are, so far, confirmatory In the future, recourse to polymerase chain reaction will facilitate diagnosis and will allow a more accurate assessment of the incidence of this aspect of tuberculosis infection. Genital tuberculosis compromises women's fertility Even though the tuberculosis is cured, none of the 11 women of our research had carried their pregnancy to delivery, because artificial fertilization is not feasible here in Madagascar Screening of woman genital tuberculosis should be mandatory as regards gynaecological problems such as menstrual cycle disorders, sterility, abdominal pain, cyst of ovary ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage in paraclinical investigations, especially in developing countries.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Madagascar; Menstruation Disturbances; Pelvic Pain; Prospective Studies; Tuberculosis, Female Genital; Uterine Cervicitis

The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of spontaneous and induced abortions at the Hospital Maternity of Befelatanana, in Antananarivo--City by 1997. The study was also carried out to identify causes and risk factors of abortions in order to draw up a control program. 958 abortion cases were counted. The patient average age was 28 old years. 289 cases (30.3%) of these abortions had complications, 1 out of 25 patients died. Some of causes of abortion have been specified: prior patient health, cultural, social and economic factors. Existence of abortions is a failure report of the Reproductive Heath Program. Abortion control must be based on sanitary education in which family planning is very important, on correct management of abortion cases and their complications. But all that is not possible if there are not improvements of the standard of living.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Family Planning Services; Female; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Madagascar; Maternal Mortality; Needs Assessment; Parity; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors

To assess the morbidity of S. haematobium infection in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the western part of Madagascar, the village of Betalatala with a prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women of 75.6% (95% confidence limit 69.3 to 81.9%) was compared with a neighbouring village with similar socio-economic characteristics and a prevalence of 5.0% (95% confidence limit 0 to 11.75%). The women were questioned in Malagasy about obstetrical history and urogynecological symptoms. They were examined gynaecologically, parasitologically and by ultrasonography. Important STDs were excluded by appropriate diagnostics. In Betalatala significantly more women reported a history of spontaneous abortion (P < 0.01), complaints of irregular menstruation (P < 0.001), pelvic pain (<0.05), vaginal discharge (P < 0.0001), dysuria (P < 0.05) and haematuria (P < 0.01) than in the control village. Biopsies were obtained from the cervix of 36 women with macroscopical lesions, and in 12 cases S. haematobium eggs were found by histological sectioning (33.3%). In the control village no eggs were detected in the histological sections of biopsies taken from 14 women. (P < 0.05). Infections with Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Treponema pallidum were found in similar frequencies in both villages. In 9.8% of the women in Betalatala abnormalities of the upper reproductive tract were revealed by ultrasonography versus none in the women from the control village (P < 0.05). Echographic abnormalities of the urinary tract were present in 24% and 3% of the women in the study village and in the control village, respectively (P < 0.0001). These findings were accompanied by an elevated frequency of haematuria (55% versus 20%) and proteinuria (70.4% versus 25%) in the study population (P < 0.0001). Our study indicates that S. haematobium infection in women may not only cause symptoms in the urinary tract, but also frequently in the lower and upper reproductive tract.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Madagascar; Menstruation Disturbances; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Rural Population; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Social Class; Surveys and Questionnaires; Ultrasonography