clonidine and Tourette Syndrome studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Tourette Syndrome: A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of clonidine adhesive patch in treating Tourette syndrome (TS)."	9.22	Clinical observation on treatment of Tourette syndrome in Chinese children by clonidine adhesive patch. ( Jiao, F; Wang, J; Zhang, X, 2016)
"We compared the efficacy of clonidine and levetiracetam for treating tics in Tourette syndrome."	9.14	Double-blind, crossover study of clonidine and levetiracetam in Tourette syndrome. ( Hedderick, EF; Morris, CM; Singer, HS, 2009)
"Levetiracetam, an anti-epileptic agent that enhances GABAergic neurotransmission, is one of the newest alternative treatments of Tourette syndrome (TS)."	7.74	Levetiracetam in the treatment of antipsychotics-resistant Tourette syndrome. ( Karakatsanis, NA; Karapoulios, E; Kouzoupis, AV; Masdrakis, VG; Oulis, P; Papadimitriou, GN; Papageorgiou, C; Soldatos, CR, 2008)
"Atomoxetine and OROS methylphenidate were successfully used concomitantly in a 10-year-old boy suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome (TS)."	7.73	Concomitant use of atomoxetine and OROS-methylphenidate in a 10-year-old child suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome. ( Benarroch, F; Gross-Tsur, V; Jaworowski, S, 2006)
"Clonidine usually serves as a tic-suppressing agent in patients with Tourette syndrome."	7.71	Clonidine treatment increases tics in patients with Tourette syndrome: case report. ( Kessler, AR, 2001)
"Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist which may alleviate emerging symptoms in Tourette syndrome, an observation that has fueled speculation regarding involvement of stress-sensitive central noradrenergic systems in this disorder."	7.69	Predictors of clonidine response in Tourette syndrome: implications and inferences. ( Jackson, LA; Lichter, DG, 1996)
"Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is useful for treating some patients with Tourette syndrome, and it has been suggested that their noradrenergic receptors are 'subsensitive'."	7.67	Effect of clonidine on platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors and plasma norepinephrine of children with Tourette syndrome. ( Johnston, MV; Silverstein, F; Smith, CB, 1985)
"A 15-year-old boy with Tourette's syndrome exhibited severe involuntary self-mutilatory behavior."	5.27	Tourette syndrome: successful treatment with clonidine and oxycodone. ( Sandyk, R, 1986)
"To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of clonidine adhesive patch in treating Tourette syndrome (TS)."	5.22	Clinical observation on treatment of Tourette syndrome in Chinese children by clonidine adhesive patch. ( Jiao, F; Wang, J; Zhang, X, 2016)
"We compared the efficacy of clonidine and levetiracetam for treating tics in Tourette syndrome."	5.14	Double-blind, crossover study of clonidine and levetiracetam in Tourette syndrome. ( Hedderick, EF; Morris, CM; Singer, HS, 2009)
"The neurological disorder Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is most often treated with the receptor blocker haloperidol, which also produces multiple side-effects, including the risk for tardive dyskinesia."	5.05	Treatment approaches in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. ( Ang, L; Borison, RL; Davis, JM; Diamond, BI; Hamilton, WJ, 1983)
" The study aimed to determine the risk of TBI in TS patients, the effects associated with concurrent psychiatric disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or depressive disorder), and the effects of medication treatment (antipsychotics, antidepressants, or clonidine) on the risk of TBI."	3.91	Tourette's syndrome is associated with an increased risk of traumatic brain injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study. ( Chen, SF; Hsu, CY; Shen, YC; Su, YC; Wang, LY, 2019)
"Levetiracetam, an anti-epileptic agent that enhances GABAergic neurotransmission, is one of the newest alternative treatments of Tourette syndrome (TS)."	3.74	Levetiracetam in the treatment of antipsychotics-resistant Tourette syndrome. ( Karakatsanis, NA; Karapoulios, E; Kouzoupis, AV; Masdrakis, VG; Oulis, P; Papadimitriou, GN; Papageorgiou, C; Soldatos, CR, 2008)
"Atomoxetine and OROS methylphenidate were successfully used concomitantly in a 10-year-old boy suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome (TS)."	3.73	Concomitant use of atomoxetine and OROS-methylphenidate in a 10-year-old child suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome. ( Benarroch, F; Gross-Tsur, V; Jaworowski, S, 2006)
" We now report that these OCD-like mice, like humans, also exhibit comorbid TS-like behaviors, including juvenile-onset tics; increased tic number, complexity and flurries; increased tic severity in males; voluntary tic suppression; and tic responsiveness to a non-cataleptic TS+OCD drug therapy (clonidine, 0."	3.71	A transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder circuitry. ( Burton, FH; Nordstrom, EJ, 2002)
"Clonidine usually serves as a tic-suppressing agent in patients with Tourette syndrome."	3.71	Clonidine treatment increases tics in patients with Tourette syndrome: case report. ( Kessler, AR, 2001)
"Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist which may alleviate emerging symptoms in Tourette syndrome, an observation that has fueled speculation regarding involvement of stress-sensitive central noradrenergic systems in this disorder."	3.69	Predictors of clonidine response in Tourette syndrome: implications and inferences. ( Jackson, LA; Lichter, DG, 1996)
"Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is useful for treating some patients with Tourette syndrome, and it has been suggested that their noradrenergic receptors are 'subsensitive'."	3.67	Effect of clonidine on platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors and plasma norepinephrine of children with Tourette syndrome. ( Johnston, MV; Silverstein, F; Smith, CB, 1985)
"For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials."	3.01	Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Behling, E; Bloch, MH; Farhat, LC; Landeros-Weisenberger, A; Levine, JLS; Macul Ferreira de Barros, P; Wang, Z, 2023)
"Children with Tourette's syndrome (TS) have a poor treatment compliance due to side effects and inconvenient administration of oral drugs."	2.74	[Efficacy of clonidine transdermal patch for treatment of Tourette's syndrome in children]. ( Gao, XM; Guo, XY; Jiao, FY; Kang, H; Zhang, YF, 2009)
" The dosage of the clonidine adhesive patch was 1."	2.73	Randomized double-blind multicentre placebo-controlled clinical trial of the clonidine adhesive patch for the treatment of tic disorders. ( Du, YS; Jiao, FY; Li, HF; Ma, SW; Su, LY; Vance, A; Wang, HM; Wang, MJ; Wu, JB; Yu, DL; Zhong, YQ, 2008)
"Nine patients with mild Tourette's syndrome completed a cross-over, placebo-controlled study of clonidine administered transdermally."	2.67	Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with transdermal clonidine: a pilot study. ( Angell, R; Conant-Norville, D; Gancher, S, 1990)
"Thirteen patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome were treated with clonidine (0."	2.66	Short- and long-term treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine: a clinical perspective. ( Cohen, DJ; Detlor, J; Harcherik, DF; Leckman, JF; Ort, S; Shaywitz, BA, 1985)
"Clonidine has been suggested to be effective in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS), but no double-blind study has ever evaluated its effects using objective measures."	2.66	Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: double-blind study using objective rating methods. ( Carroll, VS; Como, PG; Goetz, CG; Shannon, KM; Tanner, CM; Wilson, RS, 1987)
"Desipramine and placebo were similar on "all-cause treatment discontinuation" (RD -0."	2.50	Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. ( Castells, X; Ehimare, UP; Otasowie, J; Smith, CH, 2014)
"Tics are repetitive and sudden purposeless movements."	2.44	[Diagnosis and treatment of tics]. ( Topka, H, 2007)
" A recent group of placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trials have consistently shown that certain stimulants, particularly methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, are effective, well tolerated, and safe when administered to treat ADHD in children with tics."	2.42	Tourette's syndrome: are stimulants safe? ( Kurlan, R, 2003)
"This article reviews the evidence published in the English language literature concerning the pharmacological treatment of tics in patients with Tourette Syndrome."	2.42	Pharmacological management of tics in patients with TS. ( Sandor, P, 2003)
"Tourette's disorder is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterised clinically by motor and vocal tics, which may be associated to conductual disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)."	2.41	Pharmacological options for the treatment of Tourette's disorder. ( García-Ruiz, PJ; Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ, 2001)
"The concept of Tourette's syndrome as a bizarre and disabling disorder has changed with greater appreciation that this is a spectrum of symptoms and degrees of severity."	2.38	Tics through Tourette's syndrome. ( Carter, JH, 1991)
"Tourette syndrome has recently been brought to public attention through popular media."	2.37	Tourette syndrome: a review and educational implications. ( Bauer, AM; Shea, TM, 1984)
"Tourette syndrome is defined and characterized mainly by the presence of motor and phonic tics."	1.32	Effects of medications on regulation of body temperature of patients with Tourette syndrome. ( Kessler, AR, 2004)
"Ganser syndrome is an uncommon disorder, particularly in children."	1.31	Uncomplicated Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and probable Ganser syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. ( Firth, DA; Refaat, R; Robertson, MM, 2002)
"Because in many patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) the ADHD symptoms are the major source of disability, alternative nonstimulant treatments are needed."	1.29	Bupropion exacerbates tics in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome. ( Biederman, J; Spencer, T; Steingard, R; Wilens, T, 1993)
"Clonidine has been suggested as an alternative pharmacotherapy for patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid tic disorders."	1.29	Comparison of clonidine response in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid tic disorders. ( Biederman, J; Gonzalez, A; Spencer, T; Steingard, R; Wilens, T, 1993)
"Clinical assessment of a child with Tourette's syndrome (TS) includes a careful review of motor and phonic tics."	1.29	Tourette's syndrome, Part II: Contemporary approaches to assessment and treatment. ( Hardin, MT; Ort, SI; Scahill, L, 1993)
"A 7-year-old boy with Tourette's disorder, atypical pervasive developmental disorder, borderline mental retardation, and a history of self-injurious behavior was treated for 21 months with clonidine transdermal patches at doses ranging from 0."	1.28	Self-injurious behavior associated with clonidine withdrawal in a child with Tourette's disorder. ( Dillon, JE, 1990)
"This paper describes an attempt to treat Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) in a severely mentally handicapped girl, using a cue-controlled relaxation technique."	1.28	A behavioural intervention for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a severely mentally handicapped girl. ( Crawley, B; Locke, J; Zarkowska, E, 1989)
"A diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome was made, and when family objected to a trial of haloperidol for fear of tardive dyskinesia, clonidine was initiated."	1.28	Transient exacerbation of tics in treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine. ( Huk, SG, 1989)
"Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder of motor and vocal tics, with associated symptoms of obsessive-compulsive behaviors and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity."	1.27	[The treatment of children with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome]. ( Minderaa, RB, 1987)
"Compared to 87 normal controls, Tourette's disorder patients had lower mean baseline WBTRP levels (mean +/- SEM: Tourette's, 5993 +/- 304 ng/ml vs."	1.27	Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment. ( Anderson, GM; Cohen, DJ; Harcherik, DF; Hoder, EL; Leckman, JF; Ort, S; Shaywitz, BA, 1984)
"Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple involuntary motor and phonic tics associated with behavioural disturbances including obsessive-compulsive and aggressive behavior, depression and, rarely, psychosis."	1.27	Beneficial effects of imipramine on Tourette's syndrome. ( Bamford, CR; Sandyk, R, 1988)
"A patient with long-standing Tourette's syndrome had a dramatic exacerbation of symptoms following the rapid withdrawal of haloperidol."	1.27	Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome exacerbation due to haloperidol withdrawal. ( Max, JE; Rasmussen, SA, 1986)
"Twenty-three patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) underwent noninvasive investigation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, as did 23 age-matched controls."	1.27	The autonomic nervous system in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. ( Carroll, VS; Goetz, CG; Shannon, KM; Tanner, CM; Weingarten, R, 1987)
"A 15-year-old boy with Tourette's syndrome exhibited severe involuntary self-mutilatory behavior."	1.27	Tourette syndrome: successful treatment with clonidine and oxycodone. ( Sandyk, R, 1986)
"Pimozide was used as the preferred drug because of our experience of treating other hyperkinesias which indicated fewer side-effects than with haloperidol."	1.27	Clinical features and long-term treatment with pimozide in 65 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. ( Fog, R; Pakkenberg, B; Pakkenberg, H; Regeur, L, 1986)
"Clonidine's effectiveness in Tourette's syndrome may be dependent on changes in dopaminergic as well as adrenergic mechanisms."	1.27	Rebound phenomena in Tourette's syndrome after abrupt withdrawal of clonidine. Behavioral, cardiovascular, and neurochemical effects. ( Anderson, GM; Caruso, KA; Cohen, DJ; Leckman, JF; Ort, S; Riddle, MA, 1986)
"Over 86% of 58 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome achieved effective pharmacologic control of the symptoms for 3 months or longer."	1.27	Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: eight-year, practice-based experience in a predominantly adult population. ( Mesulam, MM; Petersen, RC, 1987)
"Successful treatment of Tourette's syndrome in a young man seemed to precipitate anorexia nervosa."	1.27	Anorexia nervosa in a young man with Tourette's syndrome. ( Annibali, JA; Kales, JD; Tan, TL, 1986)
"A 25-year-old woman with Gilles de la Tourette's disease was successfully treated with clonidine (an inhibitor of noradrenaline release)."	1.26	On the use of clonidine and thioproperazine in a woman with Gilles de la Tourette's disease. ( Acosta, E; Arocha, L; Gómez, F; Lechin, F; van der Dijs, B, 1982)

Research

Studies (112)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

"Number of Patients With Improved or Minimally Improved in Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI) Scale"

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	62 (55.36)	18.7374
1990's	22 (19.64)	18.2507
2000's	20 (17.86)	29.6817
2010's	7 (6.25)	24.3611
2020's	1 (0.89)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Farhat, LC	2
Behling, E	2
Landeros-Weisenberger, A	2
Levine, JLS	2
Macul Ferreira de Barros, P	2
Wang, Z	2
Bloch, MH	2
Chen, SF	1
Su, YC	1
Wang, LY	1
Hsu, CY	1
Shen, YC	1
Eapen, V	1
Ward, P	1
Clarke, R	1
Otasowie, J	1
Castells, X	1
Ehimare, UP	1
Smith, CH	1
Jiao, F	1
Zhang, X	2
Wang, J	1
Du, YS	1
Li, HF	1
Vance, A	1
Zhong, YQ	1
Jiao, FY	2
Wang, HM	1
Wang, MJ	1
Su, LY	1
Yu, DL	1
Ma, SW	1
Wu, JB	1
Hedderick, EF	1
Morris, CM	1
Singer, HS	3
Kang, H	1
Zhang, YF	1
Guo, XY	1
Gao, XM	1
Rickards, H	1
Cavanna, AE	1
Worrall, R	1
Pringsheim, T	2
Doja, A	1
Gorman, D	1
McKinlay, D	1
Day, L	1
Billinghurst, L	1
Carroll, A	1
Dion, Y	1
Luscombe, S	1
Steeves, T	1
Sandor, P	2
Nordstrom, EJ	1
Burton, FH	1
Suchard, JR	1
Graeme, KA	1
Levenson, D	1
Refaat, R	1
Firth, DA	1
Robertson, MM	1
Stewart, JT	1
Williams, LS	1
Kurlan, R	1
Kano, Y	1
Kessler, AR	2
Jaworowski, S	1
Benarroch, F	1
Gross-Tsur, V	1
Kotcher, L	1
Wieland, N	1
Coffey, B	1
Topka, H	1
Oulis, P	1
Karapoulios, E	1
Masdrakis, VG	1
Kouzoupis, AV	1
Karakatsanis, NA	1
Papageorgiou, C	1
Papadimitriou, GN	1
Soldatos, CR	1
McNicholas, F	1
Motala, F	1
Dysken, MW	1
Berecz, JM	1
Samarza, A	1
Davis, JM	3
McKeith, IG	1
Williams, A	1
Nicol, AR	1
Lechin, F	1
van der Dijs, B	1
Gómez, F	1
Acosta, E	1
Arocha, L	1
Shapiro, AK	4
Shapiro, E	4
Eisenkraft, GJ	1
Golden, GS	1
Gillies, DR	1
Forsythe, WI	1
van Woert, MH	1
Rosenbaum, D	1
Enna, SJ	1
Selinger, D	1
Cohen, DJ	18
Ort, S	6
Anderson, GM	6
Caruso, KA	3
Leckman, JF	13
Detlor, J	5
Young, JG	5
Shaywitz, BA	10
Bauer, AM	1
Shea, TM	1
Borison, RL	2
Ang, L	2
Hamilton, WJ	1
Diamond, BI	1
Harcherik, DF	4
Terkelsen, KG	1
Bruun, RD	2
Gertner, JM	1
Fennig, S	1
Bauer, A	1
Kronnenberg, Y	1
Hoder, EL	1
Chang, S	1
Dysken, M	1
Comaty, JE	1
Harcherik, D	1
Dorsey, R	1
Hattox, SE	1
Kavanagh, ME	1
Maas, JW	1
Dupont, E	1
Nørgaard, B	1
Ferre, RC	1
Wolf, A	1
Shaywitz, SE	1
Loomis, R	1
Pakkenberg, B	2
Regeur, L	2
Fog, R	2
Pakkenberg, H	2
Whelan, R	1
Dearlove, OR	1
Brown, J	1
Quaskey, S	1
Rosenberg, LA	1
Mellits, ED	1
Denckla, MB	1
Walkup, JT	1
Scahill, LD	1
Riddle, MA	4
Como, PG	2
Müller, N	1
Putz, A	1
Klages, U	1
Hofschuster, E	1
Straube, A	1
Ackenheil, M	1
Scahill, L	1
Ort, SI	2
Hardin, MT	2
Spencer, T	3
Biederman, J	3
Wilens, T	3
Steingard, R	3
Geist, D	1
Gonzalez, A	1
Lichter, DG	1
Jackson, LA	1
Weaver, A	1
Peterson, BS	1
Holmes, TS	1
Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ	1
García-Ruiz, PJ	1
Gaffney, GR	1
Perry, PJ	1
Lund, BC	1
Bever-Stille, KA	1
Arndt, S	1
Kuperman, S	1
Nathanson, JA	1
Goetz, CG	4
Vink, HJ	1
Althaus, M	1
Goorhuis-Brouwer, SM	1
Minderaa, RB	4
Carter, JH	1
Stevenson, J	1
Gancher, S	1
Conant-Norville, D	1
Angell, R	1
Dillon, JE	1
Comings, DE	1
Comings, BG	1
Tacket, T	1
Li, SZ	1
Zarkowska, E	1
Crawley, B	1
Locke, J	1
Huk, SG	1
Caine, ED	2
Munetz, MR	1
Slawsky, RC	1
Neil, JF	1
Sandyk, R	3
Svensson, TH	1
Jankovic, J	1
van de Wetering, BJ	2
Cohen, AP	2
Roos, RA	2
van Woerkom, TC	2
Shannon, KM	3
Carroll, VS	2
Tanner, CM	3
Weingarten, R	1
Silverstein, F	1
Smith, CB	1
Johnston, MV	1
Hunt, RD	1
Kremenitzer, M	1
McBride, MC	1
Chiverton, P	1
Bamford, KA	1
Rediess, S	1
Shiao, J	1
Bamford, CR	1
Erenberg, G	2
Wilson, RS	2
Max, JE	1
Rasmussen, SA	1
Annibali, JA	1
Kales, JD	1
Tan, TL	1
Kerbeshian, J	1
Burd, L	1
Cruse, RP	1
Rothner, AD	1
Mesulam, MM	1
Petersen, RC	1
Miller, L	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Taiwan[NCT03621059]		46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-01	Completed
Finalizing and Testing an Online Therapist Training and Assistance Program to Facilitate Implementation of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tic Disorders[NCT05547854]		234 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-27	Recruiting
[NCT00004325]		200 participants	Observational	1988-12-31	Completed
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Individuals With Tourette's Syndrome[NCT00529308]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"The CGI-I is a clinician-rated scales that have been used in clinical trials for over 25 years. Clinicians rate patient improvement compared to baseline. By convention, 4 = No Change; scores of 5, 6, and 7 move in the direction of worsening; scores of 3, 2, and 1 correspond to Minimal Improvement, Much Improved or Very Much Improved, respectively. CGI-I ratings of Much or Very Much Improved at post-treatment are used to identify treatment responders." (NCT00529308)
Timeframe: 3 weeks

"Number of Patients With Much Improved or Very Much Improved on Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI) Scale"

Intervention	participants (Number)
Active	2
Sham	8

Motor Cortex Excitability Normalization-Left Motor Threshold

Intervention	participants (Number)
Active	1
Sham	0

Motor Threshold (MT) is thought to be a measure of membrane excitability in pyramidal neurons. MT is defined as the minimum magnetic flux needed to elicit a threshold EMG response (50 µV in peak to peak amplitude) in a resting target muscle in 5 out of 10 trials using single pulse TMS administered to the contralateral primary motor cortex. MT for both right and left hand are determined, and the lowest is used to select the intensity for rTMS. (NCT00529308)
Timeframe: 3 weeks

Motor Cortex Excitability Normalization-Right Motor Threshold

Intervention	µV (Mean)
Active	56.5
Sham	63.8

Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (Y-GTSS)

Intervention	µV (Mean)
Active	56
Sham	59.8

Y-GTSS is a clinician-rated scale used to assess tic severity. Motor and phonic tics are rated separately from 0 to 5 on several scales including number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. Thus Motor and Phonic Tic scores can range from 0 to 25; the combined Total Tic Score ranges from 0 to 50. There is also an Impairment score that rates the overall burden due to tics. The Impairment scale yields a single score from 0 to 50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of overall impairment associated with tics. (NCT00529308)
Timeframe: 3 weeks

Article	Year
Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2023, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Child; Clonidi	2023
Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2023, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Child; Clonidi	2023
Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2023, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Child; Clonidi	2023
Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2023, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Child; Clonidi	2023
Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Sep-19, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central	2014
Canadian guidelines for the evidence-based treatment of tic disorders: pharmacotherapy. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2012, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Canada; Child; Clonidine; Evidenc	2012
Pharmacological management of tics in patients with TS. Journal of psychosomatic research, 2003, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Dopamine Antagonists; Haloperidol; Humans;	2003
Tourette's syndrome: are stimulants safe? Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2003, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Clinical	2003
[Chronic tic disorders--chronic mortor or vocal tic disorders and de la Tourette's syndrome]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2003, Issue:40 Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous Sy	2003
[Diagnosis and treatment of tics]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2007, May-21, Volume: 149 Suppl 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Clin	2007
Treatment of multiple tics and the Tourette syndrome. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1984, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Benztropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Haloperidol; Huma	1984
Recent advances in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: implications for clinical practice and future research. Psychiatric developments, 1983,Autumn, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Compulsive	1983
Tourette syndrome: a review and educational implications. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1984, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Education, Special; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Mal	1984
Disruptive behavior, hyperactivity, and learning disabilities in children with Tourette's syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1995, Volume: 65 Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child;	1995
Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette's syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1995, Volume: 65 Topics: Behavior Therapy; Clomipramine; Clonidine; Fluvoxamine; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Toure	1995
Tic disorders. Pediatric annals, 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child	1993
The treatment of Tourette's syndrome: multimodal, developmental intervention. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 1 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adrenergic Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Antidepressive Agent	1998
Pharmacological options for the treatment of Tourette's disorder. Drugs, 2001, Volume: 61, Issue:15 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum	2001
Clonidine and clonazepam in Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1992, Volume: 58 Topics: Clonazepam; Clonidine; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1992
Pharmacotherapy of Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Mental	1992
Tics through Tourette's syndrome. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1991, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Counseling; Humans; Nursing Assessment; Self-Help Groups; Tourette	1991
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. A review of clinical and research studies and consideration of future directions for investigation. Archives of neurology, 1985, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Behavior Therapy; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Top	1985
The endogenous opioid system in neurological disorders of the basal ganglia. Life sciences, 1985, Nov-04, Volume: 37, Issue:18 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Clonidine; Endorphins; gamma-Aminobutyric Aci	1985
Clonidine in abstinence reactions: basic mechanisms. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1986, Volume: 327 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Autonomic Nervous System; Central Nervous Sys	1986
Recent advances in the management of tics. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1986, Volume: 9 Suppl 2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Humans; Receptors, Dopamine; Tic Disorders; Tourette Syndrome	1986

Article	Year
Clinical observation on treatment of Tourette syndrome in Chinese children by clonidine adhesive patch. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2016, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Halo	2016
Randomized double-blind multicentre placebo-controlled clinical trial of the clonidine adhesive patch for the treatment of tic disorders. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Child; China; Clonidine; Dose-Resp	2008
Double-blind, crossover study of clonidine and levetiracetam in Tourette syndrome. Pediatric neurology, 2009, Volume: 40, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectiona	2009
[Efficacy of clonidine transdermal patch for treatment of Tourette's syndrome in children]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Huma	2009
Clonidine in Tourette syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 1980, Oct-25, Volume: 2, Issue:8200 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1980
Clonidine in Tourette syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 1981, Jan-31, Volume: 1, Issue:8214 Topics: Adolescent; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Tourette Syndrom	1981
Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with clonidine and neuroleptics. Archives of general psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 40, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Attitude to Health; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Therapy,	1983
Treatment approaches in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Brain research bulletin, 1983, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Amantadine; Benztropine; Clonidine; Fluphenazine; Haloperidol; Humans; Lithium; Tourette Syndrome; T	1983
New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Benztropine; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Flup	1982
Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Adolescent; Biomechanical Phenomena; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dopamine;	1982
The treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette's syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with clonidine and desipramine. Pediatrics, 1995, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; D	1995
Risperidone versus clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	2002
Clonidine and stuttering. The American journal of psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 149, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; S	1992
Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Archives of general psychiatry, 1991, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedul	1991
Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with transdermal clonidine: a pilot study. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1990,Winter, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Ma	1990
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. A review of clinical and research studies and consideration of future directions for investigation. Archives of neurology, 1985, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Behavior Therapy; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Top	1985
Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: double-blind study using objective rating methods. Annals of neurology, 1987, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans;	1987
Clonidine in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Annals of neurology, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1987
Short- and long-term treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine: a clinical perspective. Neurology, 1985, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Behavior; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Disability Evaluation; Female; Hum	1985

Article	Year
Tourette's syndrome is associated with an increased risk of traumatic brain injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2019, Volume: 63 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hype	2019
Clonidine in Tourette syndrome and sensorimotor gating. Psychiatry research, 2014, Feb-28, Volume: 215, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Clonidine; Humans; Sensory Gating; Tourette Syndrome	2014
Treatment practices in Tourette syndrome: the European perspective. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Anxiety; Aripiprazole; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride	2012
Psychopharmacology for the clinician: management of comorbid Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: are psychostimulants an option? Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 2012, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous	2012
A transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder circuitry. Molecular psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Female; Incidence; Male; Mice; Mice, Tra	2002
Pediatric clonidine poisoning as a result of pharmacy compounding error. Pediatric emergency care, 2002, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Drug Com	2002
Ritalin is okay for kids with both ADHD and Tourette's syndrome, study says. Report on medical guidelines & outcomes research, 2002, Mar-22, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Clinical Tr	2002
Uncomplicated Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and probable Ganser syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Factitious Disorders; Female; Humans; Sympatholytics	2002
Tourette's-like syndrome and dementia. The American journal of psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 160, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Dementia; Humans; Male; Tourette Syndrome	2003
Effects of medications on regulation of body temperature of patients with Tourette syndrome. Journal of child neurology, 2004, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Temperature Regulation; Child; Child, Preschool; Circadian Rhythm; Clonidine	2004
Concomitant use of atomoxetine and OROS-methylphenidate in a 10-year-old child suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder and Tourette syndrome. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivi	2006
Trichotillomania and co-morbid psychiatric disorders in a 10-year-old boy. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2007
Levetiracetam in the treatment of antipsychotics-resistant Tourette syndrome. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Clo	2008
Transient ischemic attack with risperidone and clonidine. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Clonidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Adm	2007
On the use of clonidine and thioproperazine in a woman with Gilles de la Tourette's disease. Biological psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Phenothiazines; Receptors, Adrenergic;	1982
Psychologic and neuropsychologic aspects of Tourette's syndrome. Neurologic clinics, 1984, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Achievement; Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Clonidine; Halo	1984
Overview of pharmacological approaches to therapy for Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Clonidine; Corpus Striatum; Fem	1982
Parotid salivary response to clonidine in Tourette's syndrome: indicator of adrenergic responsivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amylases; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Parotid Gland; Receptors, Adrenergic; Salivat	1984
Clonidine ameliorates Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Archives of general psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule;	1980
Acute and chronic clonidine treatment in Tourette's syndrome: a preliminary report on clinical response and effect on plasma and urinary catecholamine metabolites, growth hormone, and blood pressure. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Child; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Growth Hormone; H	1983
Mania after surreptitious discontinuation of clonidine. The American journal of psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 141, Issue:1 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Clonidine; Humans; Patient Compliance; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tourette Syn	1984
Tourette's syndrome: advances in treatment and research. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Clonidine; Haloperidol; Humans; Pimozide; Tourette Syndrome	1984
Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. An overview of clinical experience. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Compu	1984
Growth hormone response to clonidine in children ages 4-17: Tourette's syndrome vs. children with short stature. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; Clo	1984
[Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome with haloperidol and clonidine]. Harefuah, 1984, May-15, Volume: 106, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Haloperidol; Humans; Male;	1984
Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment. Life sciences, 1984, Dec-17, Volume: 35, Issue:25 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Middle Aged; Receptors, Adrenergic; Serotonin; Tourette	1984
Tourette syndrome: history and present status. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Aging; Clonidine; Demography; Ethnicity; Forecasting; Haloperidol; History, 15th Century; History, 1	1982
Neuropsychopharmacology of clonidine-clinical studies. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1981, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Clonidine; Emotions; Humans; Mental Disorders; Nervous System; Panic; Psychotropic Drugs; Tourette S	1981
Clonidine and haloperidol in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Archives of general psychiatry, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Clonidine; Haloperidol; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1981
Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Archives of general psychiatry, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1981
Plasma free MHPG and neuroendocrine responses to challenge doses of clonidine in Tourette's syndrome: preliminary report. Life sciences, 1981, Oct-05, Volume: 29, Issue:14 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Endocrine Glands; Glycols; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortiso	1981
[Multiple tics in children and adults. Tourette's syndrome]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1982, Jan-25, Volume: 144, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Tourette Syndrom	1982
Tourette's disorder and the use of clonidine. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Psychotherapy; Tourette Syndrome	1982
Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders and their relevance for Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine;	1982
Interaction of biological and psychological factors in the natural history of Tourette syndrome: a paradigm for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Behavior; Biomechanical Phenomena; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine;	1982
Clinical efficacy of haloperidol, pimozide, penfluridol, and clonidine in the treatment of tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Haloperidol; Humans; Penfluridol; Pimozide; Piperidines; Tourett	1982
Clonidine treatment of Tourette syndrome. Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 35 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Outcome and Process Assessme	1982
[Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Experiences with 18 patients]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1982, Oct-18, Volume: 144, Issue:42 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Pimozide; Tetrabenazine; Tourette Syndrom	1982
Management of clonidine overdose in a child with Tourette syndrome. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1995, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Child; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Drug Overdose; Humans; Male; Suicide, Attempted; Tourette Syndrome	1995
Blunted growth hormone response to clonidine in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Norepinephrine; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors,	1994
Tourette's syndrome, Part II: Contemporary approaches to assessment and treatment. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 1993, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Education, Special; Female; Haloperi	1993
Nortriptyline treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Family Hea	1993
Bupropion exacerbates tics in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bupropion; Child; Clonidine; Desipramine; Female; Hum	1993
Comparison of clonidine response in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid tic disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Comor	1993
Predictors of clonidine response in Tourette syndrome: implications and inferences. Journal of child neurology, 1996, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Age Factors; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; C	1996
Attention deficit disorder. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1996, Volume: 169, Issue:4 Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Humans; Psychotropic D	1996
Conflicting and inconsistent dosing advice for clonidine in Tourette's syndrome. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Drug Administratio	1998
Clonidine treatment increases tics in patients with Tourette syndrome: case report. Journal of child neurology, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Tics; Tourette Syndrome	2001
Clonidine in Tourette's syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 1979, Sep-15, Volume: 2, Issue:8142 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Child; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Tourette Syndrom	1979
Self-injurious behavior associated with clonidine withdrawal in a child with Tourette's disorder. Journal of child neurology, 1990, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Arousal; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Self Mutilation; Substance Withdrawal Syndr	1990
The clonidine patch and behavior problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child B	1990
A behavioural intervention for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a severely mentally handicapped girl. Journal of mental deficiency research, 1989, Volume: 33 ( Pt 3) Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cues; Education of Intellectuall	1989
Transient exacerbation of tics in treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1989, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Child; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Tourette Syndrome	1989
Tardive Tourette's syndrome treated with clonidine and mesoridazine. Psychosomatics, 1985, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Mesoridazine; Middle Aged; Tourette Syndrome	1985
[The treatment of children with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome]. Tijdschrift voor kindergeneeskunde, 1987, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Haloperidol;	1987
[Gilles de la Tourette syndrome]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1988, Jan-02, Volume: 132, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Clonidine; Compulsive Behavior; Female; Humans; Male	1988
The autonomic nervous system in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1987, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Autonomic Nervous System; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combinat	1987
Effect of clonidine on platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors and plasma norepinephrine of children with Tourette syndrome. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1985, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Platelets; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Norepinephrine; Radioligand Assay; Recept	1985
Parotid gland salivary secretion in Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: a model system for the study of neurochemical regulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1987, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; P	1987
Tourette's syndrome in Monroe County school children. Neurology, 1988, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Behavior; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonid	1988
Beneficial effects of imipramine on Tourette's syndrome. The International journal of neuroscience, 1988, Volume: 39, Issue:1-2 Topics: Child; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Imipramine; Tourette Syndrome	1988
Pharmacologic therapy of tics in childhood. Pediatric annals, 1988, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonazepam; Clonidine; Haloperidol; Humans; Pimozide; Tic Disorders; Toure	1988
Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome exacerbation due to haloperidol withdrawal. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1986, Volume: 174, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Clonidine; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tourette	1986
Anorexia nervosa in a young man with Tourette's syndrome. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1986, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anorexia Nervosa; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Obsessive Behavior; Psychotherap	1986
Tourette syndrome: successful treatment with clonidine and oxycodone. Journal of neurology, 1986, Volume: 233, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Codeine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Oxycodone; Tourette Syndrom	1986
Clinical features and long-term treatment with pimozide in 65 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1986, Volume: 49, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Female; Huma	1986
Rebound phenomena in Tourette's syndrome after abrupt withdrawal of clonidine. Behavioral, cardiovascular, and neurochemical effects. Archives of general psychiatry, 1986, Volume: 43, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Child; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Male; Methoxyh	1986
Novel side effects of clonidine in the treatment of Tourette disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1987, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1987
A rating scale for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: description, reliability, and validity data. Neurology, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:9 Topics: Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Tourette Syndrome	1987
The natural history of Tourette syndrome: a follow-up study. Annals of neurology, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Aging; Clonidine; Fluphenazine; F	1987
Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: eight-year, practice-based experience in a predominantly adult population. Neurology, 1987, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Clonidine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pi	1987
Tourette syndrome and drug addiction. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1985, Volume: 147 Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; Tourette Syndrome	1985

clonidine and Tourette Syndrome