clonidine has been researched along with Muscle Spasticity in 124 studies
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.
Muscle Spasticity: A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)." | 9.27 | Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018) |
| " Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0." | 9.09 | Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001) |
| "The anti-spastic effect of a new drug, tizanidine, was compared with that of baclofen in a double-blind clinical trial; 40 seriously handicapped patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were randomly allocated treatment with one or the other drug for a 6-week period." | 9.06 | The treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind clinical trial of a new anti-spastic drug tizanidine compared with baclofen. ( Nordal, HJ; Oftedal, SI; Slettebø, M; Stien, R, 1987) |
| "A double-blind study was carried out in 105 patients with chronic spasticity associated with hemiplegia in order to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tizanidine with that of diazepam." | 9.06 | A multi-centre, double-blind trial of tizanidine, a new antispastic agent, in spasticity associated with hemiplegia. ( Bes, A; Eyssette, M; Pierrot-Deseilligny, E; Rohmer, F; Warter, JM, 1988) |
| "A multi-centre, double-blind study was carried out in 100 patients suffering from chronic spasticity due to multiple sclerosis to compare the effectiveness of tizanidine hydrochloride with that of baclofen." | 9.06 | Multi-centre, double-blind trial of a novel antispastic agent, tizanidine, in spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. ( Boisson, D; Eyssette, M; Rohmer, F; Serratrice, G; Warter, JM, 1988) |
| "A double-blind trial with two parallel groups was carried out to compare the antispastic effect and tolerability of a new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), with those of baclofen in the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis." | 9.05 | A double-blind comparative trial of new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), and baclofen in the treatment of chronic spasticity in multiple sclerosis. ( Muff, S; Smolenski, C; Smolenski-Kautz, S, 1981) |
| "Tizanidine hydrochloride, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, is a widely used medication for the treatment of muscle spasticity." | 8.84 | Update on tizanidine for muscle spasticity and emerging indications. ( Garay, E; Malanga, G; Reiter, RD, 2008) |
| " The authors present a 10-year-old boy chronically treated with lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, to control hypertension who developed hypotension following the addition of tizanidine, an alpha-2 agonist, for the treatment of spasticity." | 7.70 | Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension. ( Johnson, TR; Tobias, JD, 2000) |
| "Sixteen patients suffering from spasticity due to multiple sclerosis were treated with baclofen and tizanidine in a partially blind cross-over study." | 7.67 | Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients. ( Hoogstraten, MC; Minderhoud, JM; van der Ploeg, RJ; van Marle, S; vd Burg, W; Vreeling, A, 1988) |
| "The marked improvement (the decrease in spasticity, increase in muscle power and pain syndrome intensity) was noted in patients treated with the combination of tizalud and botulotoxin A." | 6.79 | [The use of tizanidine in combined treatment of arm poststroke spasticity]. ( Agafonova, NV; Khasanova, DR; Starostina, GKh, 2014) |
| "Tizanidine HCl is an alpha2 adrenergic agonist indicated for treating spasticity due to MS or spinal cord injury." | 6.75 | Nightly sublingual tizanidine HCl in multiple sclerosis: clinical efficacy and safety. ( Auriel, E; Karni, A; Vakhapova, V, 2010) |
| " All efficacy parameters were evaluated by the physician/assessor, and the physician/prescriber was responsible for all dosage adjustments." | 6.67 | Tizanidine treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. US Tizanidine Study Group. ( Birnbaum, G; Carter, JL; Greenstein, J; Lublin, FD; Smith, C, 1994) |
| "Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity." | 6.67 | A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994) |
| "Current drugs used as antispastic agents include Dantrolene Sodium, Baclofen and Diazepam." | 6.66 | Treatment of spasticity with tizanidine in multiple sclerosis. ( Barkas, WJ; Bouchard, S; Francis, GS; Gendron, D; Lapierre, Y; Tansey, C, 1987) |
| "Tizanidine (Sirdalud) was compared to baclofen (Lioresal) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial." | 6.66 | Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Bass, B; Bouchard, S; Cameron, MG; Ebers, GC; Hader, W; Noseworthy, JH; Rice, GP; Weinshenker, B, 1988) |
| " Following botulinum toxin A treatment, clinical improvement led to the gradual reduction of baclofen or tizanidine dosing to one-third of the former dose." | 5.43 | Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Oral Baclofen Versus Tizanidine Therapy with Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Type A in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Equinus Foot Deformity. ( Aksoy, SN; Dai, AI; Demiryürek, AT, 2016) |
| "Once clonidine was discontinued, the resting heart rate returned to normal." | 5.29 | Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Rosenblum, D, 1993) |
| "Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)." | 5.27 | Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018) |
| "Baclofen and tizanidine are both used for the treatment of muscle spasticity of spinal origin." | 5.10 | Cost-effectiveness comparison of tizanidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity. ( Anderson, PM; Lloyd, AC; Rushton, DN, 2002) |
| " Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0." | 5.09 | Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001) |
| "A multi-centre, double-blind study was carried out in 100 patients suffering from chronic spasticity due to multiple sclerosis to compare the effectiveness of tizanidine hydrochloride with that of baclofen." | 5.06 | Multi-centre, double-blind trial of a novel antispastic agent, tizanidine, in spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. ( Boisson, D; Eyssette, M; Rohmer, F; Serratrice, G; Warter, JM, 1988) |
| "In a double-blind comparative study, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of three centrally effective antispasmodics (Tetrazepam, Baclofen and Tizanidine) in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis with spastic motor disturbances of the lower extremities was to be examined." | 5.06 | [Comparative double-blind study of the effectiveness and tolerance of baclofen, tetrazepam and tizanidine in spastic movement disorders of the lower extremities]. ( Paulig, M; Pellkofer, M, 1989) |
| "A double-blind study was carried out in 105 patients with chronic spasticity associated with hemiplegia in order to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tizanidine with that of diazepam." | 5.06 | A multi-centre, double-blind trial of tizanidine, a new antispastic agent, in spasticity associated with hemiplegia. ( Bes, A; Eyssette, M; Pierrot-Deseilligny, E; Rohmer, F; Warter, JM, 1988) |
| "The anti-spastic effect of a new drug, tizanidine, was compared with that of baclofen in a double-blind clinical trial; 40 seriously handicapped patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were randomly allocated treatment with one or the other drug for a 6-week period." | 5.06 | The treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind clinical trial of a new anti-spastic drug tizanidine compared with baclofen. ( Nordal, HJ; Oftedal, SI; Slettebø, M; Stien, R, 1987) |
| "A double-blind trial with two parallel groups was carried out to compare the antispastic effect and tolerability of a new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), with those of baclofen in the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis." | 5.05 | A double-blind comparative trial of new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), and baclofen in the treatment of chronic spasticity in multiple sclerosis. ( Muff, S; Smolenski, C; Smolenski-Kautz, S, 1981) |
| "Tizanidine hydrochloride, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, is a widely used medication for the treatment of muscle spasticity." | 4.84 | Update on tizanidine for muscle spasticity and emerging indications. ( Garay, E; Malanga, G; Reiter, RD, 2008) |
| "The paper considers mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of the drug sirdalud (tizanidine) in painful musculotonic syndromes." | 4.79 | [The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes]. ( Damulin, IV, 1997) |
| " The authors present a 10-year-old boy chronically treated with lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, to control hypertension who developed hypotension following the addition of tizanidine, an alpha-2 agonist, for the treatment of spasticity." | 3.70 | Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension. ( Johnson, TR; Tobias, JD, 2000) |
| " The experience with six patients, aged 17-73 years, treated with clonidine for spasticity due to brain injuries of various causes is presented." | 3.69 | Use of clonidine for treatment of spasticity arising from various forms of brain injury: a case series. ( Dall, JT; Harmon, RL; Quinn, CM, 1996) |
| "Selected examples from three series of isomeric (alkylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared and examined for anticonvulsant activity versus strychnine-, maximal-electroshock-, pentylenetetrazole-, and 3-mercaptopropionic-acid-induced seizures in mice." | 3.69 | 5-Aryl-3-(alkylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as selective antagonists of strychnine-induced convulsions and potential antispastic agents. ( Dalton, CR; Dudley, MW; Kane, JM; Kehne, JH; Ketteler, HJ; McCloskey, TC; Miller, FP; Ogden, AM; Senyah, Y; Staeger, MA, 1994) |
| "The efficiency and duration of action of a single oral dose (8 mg) of tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injuries were determined by studying its antispastic, cardiovascular and sedative effects along with its pharmacokinetic profile in five tetraplegic and five paraplegic patients." | 3.67 | Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the oral antispastic agent tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Baker, H; Desai, P; el Masri, W; Frankel, HL; Luckitt, J; Mathias, CJ, 1989) |
| "Sixteen patients suffering from spasticity due to multiple sclerosis were treated with baclofen and tizanidine in a partially blind cross-over study." | 3.67 | Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients. ( Hoogstraten, MC; Minderhoud, JM; van der Ploeg, RJ; van Marle, S; vd Burg, W; Vreeling, A, 1988) |
| "The time-course of plasma concentrations of the antispasticity agent tizanidine were measured by a specific radioimmune-assay in six adults who had severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis." | 3.66 | Tizanidine--initial pharmacokinetic studies in patients with spasticity. ( Eadie, MJ; Heazlewood, V; Maruff, P; Symoniw, P, 1983) |
| "At baseline, weeks 1, 3 and 12, spasticity was assessed and compared between the two groups using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), clonus score, passive range of motion (ROM) of joint, pain score, 3-m walk duration and lower extremity functional score (LEFS)." | 2.84 | Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Lower Limb Spasticity in Stroke Patients. ( Akbari, M; Ashtari, F; Mellat, M; Taheri, P; Vahdatpour, B, 2017) |
| "We aimed to determine whether antispasticity treatment history influenced the efficacy and safety of add-on THC:CBD oromucosal spray in MS spasticity patients." | 2.82 | Influence of Previous Failed Antispasticity Therapy on the Efficacy and Tolerability of THC:CBD Oromucosal Spray for Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity. ( Álvarez-Ossorio, L; Haupts, M; Jonas, A; Vila, C; Witte, K, 2016) |
| "The marked improvement (the decrease in spasticity, increase in muscle power and pain syndrome intensity) was noted in patients treated with the combination of tizalud and botulotoxin A." | 2.79 | [The use of tizanidine in combined treatment of arm poststroke spasticity]. ( Agafonova, NV; Khasanova, DR; Starostina, GKh, 2014) |
| "Tizanidine HCl is an alpha2 adrenergic agonist indicated for treating spasticity due to MS or spinal cord injury." | 2.75 | Nightly sublingual tizanidine HCl in multiple sclerosis: clinical efficacy and safety. ( Auriel, E; Karni, A; Vakhapova, V, 2010) |
| "While spasticity is commonly treated with oral agents or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, these treatments have not been systematically compared." | 2.74 | Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study. ( Barbano, R; Brashear, A; Gracies, JM; Simpson, DM; Yablon, SA, 2009) |
| " The average dosage at 4 weeks was 25." | 2.70 | Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury. ( Brunner, RM; Guin-Renfroe, S; Johnson, A; Meythaler, JM, 2001) |
| "All 3 spastic paretic patients had kinematic deviations and abnormal EMG recruitment profiles during the premedication or placebo sessions." | 2.67 | Modulation of locomotor patterns and spasticity with clonidine in spinal cord injured patients. ( Barbeau, H; Gauthier, S; Stewart, JE, 1991) |
| "Tizanidine was titrated to an optimized dosage in each patient to a maximum of 36 mg/d." | 2.67 | Efficacy and safety of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. North American Tizanidine Study Group. ( Bugaresti, J; Martinez-Arizala, A; Nance, PW; Shellenberger, K; Sheremata, W, 1994) |
| "In twenty-five SCI subjects, antispasticity effects of three putative antispasticity agents [clonidine (an alpha-2 noradrenergic agonist), cyproheptadine (a 5-HT2 antagonist) and baclofen (a GABA-B agonist)] were tested in terms of changes in leg tone as graded by the Ashworth scale (AS), in terms of the vibratory inhibition of the H-reflex (VII) and in terms of the ability of the knee to swing passively in the pendulum test as quantified by video motion analysis." | 2.67 | A comparison of clonidine, cyproheptadine and baclofen in spastic spinal cord injured patients. ( Nance, PW, 1994) |
| "0123) linear dose-response relation between single doses and antispastic action of tizanidine." | 2.67 | Correlations between dose, plasma concentrations, and antispastic action of tizanidine (Sirdalud). ( Emre, M; Leslie, GC; Muir, C; Part, NJ; Pokorny, R; Roberts, RC, 1994) |
| " All efficacy parameters were evaluated by the physician/assessor, and the physician/prescriber was responsible for all dosage adjustments." | 2.67 | Tizanidine treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. US Tizanidine Study Group. ( Birnbaum, G; Carter, JL; Greenstein, J; Lublin, FD; Smith, C, 1994) |
| "Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity." | 2.67 | A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994) |
| "Clonidine tablets have been used in the past for treatment of spasticity with some success." | 2.67 | Clonidine transdermal system for treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury. ( Belen, JG; Weingarden, SI, 1992) |
| "In conclusion, clonidine has an anti-spasticity effect in SCI patients, both subjectively, and objectively, in terms of vibratory inhibition of the H reflex." | 2.66 | Reflex changes induced by clonidine in spinal cord injured patients. ( Nance, DM; Nance, PW; Shears, AH, 1989) |
| "Current drugs used as antispastic agents include Dantrolene Sodium, Baclofen and Diazepam." | 2.66 | Treatment of spasticity with tizanidine in multiple sclerosis. ( Barkas, WJ; Bouchard, S; Francis, GS; Gendron, D; Lapierre, Y; Tansey, C, 1987) |
| "Tizanidine (Sirdalud) was compared to baclofen (Lioresal) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial." | 2.66 | Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Bass, B; Bouchard, S; Cameron, MG; Ebers, GC; Hader, W; Noseworthy, JH; Rice, GP; Weinshenker, B, 1988) |
| " The study consisted of 4 parts: I, double-blind cross-over trial at maximal dosage 10 mg/day in 13 patients; II, open trial at maximal dosage 32 mg/day in 10 patients; III, long-term medication at dosage 32 mg/day for 6-15 months in 4 patients; IV, single dose (12 mg) administration in 3 patients." | 2.65 | Antiparetic and antispastic effects induced by tizanidine in patients with spastic paresis. ( Gransberg, L; Knutsson, E; Mårtensson, A, 1982) |
| " Percentages of improved patients' spasticity scale, mild adverse effect and severe adverse effect were extracted as outcomes." | 2.58 | A mixed treatment comparison on efficacy and safety of treatments for spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Fu, X; Li, J; Li, M; Ma, Q; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Wu, H; Yang, W, 2018) |
| "Treatment of spasticity poses a major challenge given the complex clinical presentation and variable efficacy and safety profiles of available drugs." | 2.53 | Pharmacological management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and consensus paper. ( Comi, G; Gold, R; Hartung, HP; Montalban, X; Otero-Romero, S; Sastre-Garriga, J; Soelberg Sørensen, P; Thompson, AJ; Vermersch, P, 2016) |
| "The medicinal treatment of spasticity includes use of oral treatments (baclofène and tizanidine), botulinum toxin, intrathecal baclofène and local application of alcohol or phenol." | 2.48 | [Pharmacological treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis]. ( Heinzlef, O; Monteil-Roch, I, 2012) |
| "Gabapentin is a novelty, and the working mechanism of cannabis has been elucidated." | 2.46 | Spasticity: revisiting the role and the individual value of several pharmacological treatments. ( Kuks, JB; Lapeyre, E; Meijler, WJ, 2010) |
| "The treatment of spasticity has considerably changed during last years, notably with the generalization of Botulinum toxin use." | 2.46 | Managing spasticity with drugs. ( Simon, O; Yelnik, AP, 2010) |
| "For more generalized spasticity, a number of useful oral agents and intrathecal baclofen are available, each with their positive and negative attributes." | 2.46 | Pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children. ( Delgado, MR; Tilton, A; Vargus-Adams, J, 2010) |
| "For localized/segmental spasticity, botulinum toxin type A is established as an effective treatment to reduce spasticity in the upper and lower extremities." | 2.46 | Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child ( Aisen, M; Ashwal, S; Delgado, MR; Fehlings, DL; Hirtz, D; McLaughlin, J; Morrison, LA; Shrader, MW; Tilton, A; Vargus-Adams, J, 2010) |
| "While in some children, spasticity may adversely impact the motor abilities, in others, it may help maintain posture and ability to ambulate." | 2.43 | Pharmacologic interventions for reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy. ( Patel, DR; Soyode, O, 2005) |
| "The spectrum of antispasticity therapies is fairly broad." | 2.43 | The pharmacological management of spasticity. ( Jacobs, BW; Saulino, M, 2006) |
| "In such patients, treatment of spasticity is warranted." | 2.42 | Anti-spasticity medications. ( Al-Shahrani, AM, 2003) |
| "Therapy for spasticity is symptomatic with the aim of increasing functional capacity and relieving discomfort." | 2.41 | Drugs used to treat spasticity. ( Goodkin, DE; Kita, M, 2000) |
| "Establish the functional impact of the spasticity." | 2.41 | Alpha adrenergic and serotonergic agents in the treatment of spastic hypertonia. ( Nance, PW, 2001) |
| "Intrathecal clonidine is a powerful antispastic drug." | 2.41 | Intrathecal clonidine for controlling spastic hypertonia. ( Bussel, B; Denys, P; Rémy-Néris, O, 2001) |
| "Among the more common symptoms is spasticity." | 2.41 | Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. ( Schapiro, RT, 2001) |
| " Wide interpatient variability in the effective plasma concentrations of tizanidine means that the optimal dosage must be titrated over 2 to 4 weeks for each patient (dosages of 2 to 36 mg/day have been used in clinical trials)." | 2.40 | Tizanidine. A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders. ( Bryson, HM; Wagstaff, AJ, 1997) |
| "With the introduction of the antispasticity agent, tizanidine hydrochloride (Zanaflex), physicians have requested information about the optimal way to switch appropriate patients from baclofen to tizanidine." | 2.40 | An approach to switching patients from baclofen to tizanidine. ( Brenner, R; Hyman, N; Knobler, R; O'Brien, M; Stephan, T, 1998) |
| "The therapeutic profile of a new antispastic drug cannot be defined solely on the basis of placebo-controlled studies." | 2.39 | Comparative profile of tizanidine in the management of spasticity. ( Davis, C; Emre, M; Groves, L; Lataste, X, 1994) |
| "Tizanidine has been recently introduced, and early experience with this agent appears to be favourable." | 2.37 | Pharmacotherapy of spasticity: some theoretical and practical considerations. ( Rice, GP, 1987) |
| "Treatment of spasticity includes oral and intrathecal anti-spastic drugs, muscle injections with relaxant agents, physical therapy, electrical and magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation, alone or in various combinations." | 1.56 | Italian consensus on treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. ( Centonze, D; Comi, G; Leocani, L; Otero-Romero, S; Solari, A, 2020) |
| " It has low oral bioavailability and short halflife." | 1.56 | Optimization of Microemulgel for Tizanidine Hydrochloride. ( Brahmane, S; Chabukswar, A; Jagdale, S, 2020) |
| "Isolated dystonia or spasticity was infrequently seen, with a mixed picture of dystonia and spasticity ± choreoathetosis identified in 194/275 (70." | 1.51 | Pharmacological management of abnormal tone and movement in cerebral palsy. ( Amin, S; Basu, A; Cadwgan, J; Crowe, B; DeAlwis, Y; Devlin, A; Kumar, R; Lodh, R; Lumsden, DE; Lundy, CT; Mordekar, SR; Smith, M, 2019) |
| " Following botulinum toxin A treatment, clinical improvement led to the gradual reduction of baclofen or tizanidine dosing to one-third of the former dose." | 1.43 | Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Oral Baclofen Versus Tizanidine Therapy with Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Type A in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Equinus Foot Deformity. ( Aksoy, SN; Dai, AI; Demiryürek, AT, 2016) |
| "Tizanidine (2mg) was administered (4\\day), for 4 weeks." | 1.42 | Comparison between the therapeutic effects of robotic-assisted locomotor training and an anti-spastic medication on spasticity. ( Mirbagheri, MM, 2015) |
| "Fewer than 5% of subjects changed oral spasticity medications." | 1.39 | Adherence associated with oral medications in the treatment of spasticity. ( Gillard, P; Graham, GD; Halpern, R; Varon, SF; Zorowitz, RD, 2013) |
| " Secondary objectives included determining correlations between dosage and age, injury type, location of spasticity, comorbid seizures, or concomitant antispasticity medications." | 1.33 | Oral baclofen and clonidine for treatment of spasticity in children. ( Haase, M; Habersang, R; Lubsch, L; Luedtke, S, 2006) |
| "It provides effective reduction of spasticity without affecting muscle strength." | 1.30 | Spasticity: current and future management. Royal College of Physicians, November 13, 1997. ( , 1998) |
| "Selective role of spasticity was estimated in clinical pattern of motor disorders in groups of the patients with different disorders of muscular tonus with the same degree of paresis." | 1.30 | [Disorders of muscle tonus and their treatment with sirdalud in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke]. ( Beliakov, VV; Burd, GS; Gekht, AB; Iaish, F; Selikhova, MV, 1998) |
| "Clonidine was added to baclofen in the pump reservoir and both drugs were administered intrathecally in combination." | 1.29 | Intrathecal clonidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity and neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a case study. ( Middleton, JW; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 1996) |
| "Thirty patients with old post-stroke spastic hemiparesis took part in the investigation." | 1.29 | Mechanisms of tizanidine action on spasticity. ( Georgiev, D; Milanov, I, 1994) |
| "Once clonidine was discontinued, the resting heart rate returned to normal." | 1.29 | Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Rosenblum, D, 1993) |
| "Significant improvement in spastic hypertonia was observed in all three cases." | 1.29 | Effect of transdermal clonidine on spinal spasticity. A case series. ( Sipski, ML; Yablon, SA, 1993) |
| "When clonidine therapy was initiated, the patient responded rapidly with both subjective and objective improvements in her spasticity." | 1.28 | Clonidine in the treatment of brainstem spasticity. Case report. ( Sandford, PR; Sawasky, KB; Spengler, SE, 1992) |
| "Treatment with tizanidine was effective in 60% of the patients; there were high correlations between spasticity before and after tizanidine administration and the severity of symptoms and also between the degree of improvement in spasticity and in that of the symptoms." | 1.28 | Development of a simple spasticity quantification method: effects of tizanidine on spasticity in patients with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease. ( Asanuma, M; Hirata, H; Ogawa, N; Ota, Z; Yamamoto, M; Yamawaki, Y, 1992) |
| "On the spastic side a reflex with prolonged latencies and durations, as well as with decreased amplitudes and thresholds of both reflex responses was found." | 1.28 | Flexor reflex for assessment of common interneurone activity in spasticity. ( Milanov, IG, 1992) |
| "Clonidine was used as an adjunct to baclofen in 55 patients with spasticity due to spinal cord injury." | 1.27 | Clonidine effect on spasticity: a clinical trial. ( Carter, RE; Donovan, WH; Rossi, CD; Wilkerson, MA, 1988) |
| "Five patients had no change in clinical spasticity (average dose of 0." | 1.27 | Early clinical experience with clonidine in spinal spasticity. ( Maynard, FM, 1986) |
| "Fifty-one spastic patients, divided into four groups, were tested." | 1.27 | Electrophysiological analysis of the mode of action of muscle relaxants in spasticity. ( Delwaide, PJ, 1985) |
| "Twelve spastic patients received single oral doses of a new anti-spastic drug DS103-282 (Sandoz) 6 mg, baclofen 20 mg, and placebo on three separate days." | 1.26 | Double-blind comparison of single doses of DS103-282, baclofen and placebo for suppression of spasticity. ( Hassan, N; McLellan, DL, 1980) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 30 (24.19) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 40 (32.26) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 26 (20.97) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 26 (20.97) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.61) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Kane, JM | 1 |
| Staeger, MA | 1 |
| Dalton, CR | 1 |
| Miller, FP | 1 |
| Dudley, MW | 1 |
| Ogden, AM | 1 |
| Kehne, JH | 1 |
| Ketteler, HJ | 1 |
| McCloskey, TC | 1 |
| Senyah, Y | 1 |
| Comi, G | 2 |
| Solari, A | 1 |
| Leocani, L | 1 |
| Centonze, D | 1 |
| Otero-Romero, S | 2 |
| Taheri, P | 1 |
| Vahdatpour, B | 1 |
| Mellat, M | 1 |
| Ashtari, F | 1 |
| Akbari, M | 1 |
| Lee, BS | 1 |
| Jones, J | 1 |
| Lang, M | 1 |
| Achey, R | 1 |
| Dai, L | 1 |
| Lobel, DA | 1 |
| Nagel, SJ | 1 |
| Machado, AG | 1 |
| Bethoux, F | 1 |
| Fu, X | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Wang, C | 1 |
| Wu, H | 1 |
| Li, J | 1 |
| Li, M | 1 |
| Ma, Q | 1 |
| Yang, W | 1 |
| Creamer, M | 1 |
| Cloud, G | 1 |
| Kossmehl, P | 1 |
| Yochelson, M | 1 |
| Francisco, GE | 1 |
| Ward, AB | 1 |
| Wissel, J | 1 |
| Zampolini, M | 1 |
| Abouihia, A | 1 |
| Calabrese, A | 1 |
| Saltuari, L | 1 |
| Jagdale, S | 1 |
| Brahmane, S | 1 |
| Chabukswar, A | 1 |
| Lumsden, DE | 1 |
| Crowe, B | 1 |
| Basu, A | 1 |
| Amin, S | 1 |
| Devlin, A | 1 |
| DeAlwis, Y | 1 |
| Kumar, R | 1 |
| Lodh, R | 1 |
| Lundy, CT | 1 |
| Mordekar, SR | 1 |
| Smith, M | 1 |
| Cadwgan, J | 1 |
| Halpern, R | 1 |
| Gillard, P | 1 |
| Graham, GD | 1 |
| Varon, SF | 1 |
| Zorowitz, RD | 1 |
| Mirbagheri, MM | 6 |
| Kindig, M | 1 |
| Niu, X | 2 |
| Varoqui, D | 1 |
| Lipták, J | 1 |
| Duffell, LD | 3 |
| Brown, GL | 2 |
| Brown, G | 1 |
| Khasanova, DR | 1 |
| Agafonova, NV | 1 |
| Starostina, GKh | 1 |
| Dai, AI | 1 |
| Aksoy, SN | 1 |
| Demiryürek, AT | 1 |
| Haupts, M | 1 |
| Vila, C | 1 |
| Jonas, A | 1 |
| Witte, K | 1 |
| Álvarez-Ossorio, L | 1 |
| Sastre-Garriga, J | 1 |
| Hartung, HP | 1 |
| Soelberg Sørensen, P | 1 |
| Thompson, AJ | 1 |
| Vermersch, P | 1 |
| Gold, R | 1 |
| Montalban, X | 1 |
| Lindsay, C | 1 |
| Kouzouna, A | 1 |
| Simcox, C | 1 |
| Pandyan, AD | 1 |
| Malanga, G | 1 |
| Reiter, RD | 1 |
| Garay, E | 1 |
| Simpson, DM | 1 |
| Gracies, JM | 1 |
| Yablon, SA | 2 |
| Barbano, R | 1 |
| Brashear, A | 1 |
| Sheean, G | 1 |
| Yelnik, AP | 3 |
| Simon, O | 2 |
| Bensmail, D | 1 |
| Chaleat-Valayer, E | 1 |
| Decq, P | 1 |
| Dehail, P | 1 |
| Quentin, V | 1 |
| Marque, P | 1 |
| Parratte, B | 1 |
| Pellas, F | 1 |
| Rousseaux, M | 1 |
| Trocello, JM | 1 |
| Uzzan, M | 1 |
| Dumarcet, N | 1 |
| Delgado, MR | 2 |
| Hirtz, D | 1 |
| Aisen, M | 1 |
| Ashwal, S | 1 |
| Fehlings, DL | 1 |
| McLaughlin, J | 1 |
| Morrison, LA | 1 |
| Shrader, MW | 1 |
| Tilton, A | 2 |
| Vargus-Adams, J | 2 |
| Vakhapova, V | 1 |
| Auriel, E | 1 |
| Karni, A | 1 |
| Chen, D | 1 |
| Rymer, WZ | 1 |
| Benecke, R | 1 |
| Patejdl, R | 1 |
| Nguyen, H | 2 |
| Le, C | 1 |
| Lapeyre, E | 1 |
| Kuks, JB | 1 |
| Meijler, WJ | 1 |
| Chung, CY | 1 |
| Chen, CL | 1 |
| Wong, AM | 1 |
| Heinzlef, O | 1 |
| Monteil-Roch, I | 1 |
| Rushton, DN | 1 |
| Lloyd, AC | 1 |
| Anderson, PM | 1 |
| Rémy-Néris, O | 2 |
| Denys, P | 2 |
| Daniel, O | 1 |
| Barbeau, H | 3 |
| Bussel, B | 2 |
| Al-Shahrani, AM | 1 |
| Damulin, IV | 2 |
| Li, Y | 1 |
| Harvey, PJ | 1 |
| Li, X | 1 |
| Bennett, DJ | 1 |
| Taha, J | 1 |
| Favre, J | 1 |
| Janszen, M | 1 |
| Galarza, M | 1 |
| Taha, A | 1 |
| Patel, DR | 1 |
| Soyode, O | 1 |
| Taricco, M | 1 |
| Pagliacci, MC | 1 |
| Telaro, E | 1 |
| Adone, R | 1 |
| Lubsch, L | 1 |
| Habersang, R | 1 |
| Haase, M | 1 |
| Luedtke, S | 1 |
| Saulino, M | 1 |
| Jacobs, BW | 1 |
| Naftchi, NE | 1 |
| Knutsson, E | 2 |
| Hennies, OL | 1 |
| Heazlewood, V | 1 |
| Symoniw, P | 1 |
| Maruff, P | 1 |
| Eadie, MJ | 1 |
| McLellan, DL | 2 |
| Newman, PM | 1 |
| Nogues, M | 1 |
| Newman, PK | 1 |
| Weightman, D | 1 |
| Hudgson, P | 1 |
| Smolenski, C | 1 |
| Muff, S | 1 |
| Smolenski-Kautz, S | 1 |
| Mårtensson, A | 1 |
| Gransberg, L | 1 |
| Corston, RN | 1 |
| Johnson, F | 1 |
| Godwin-Austen, RB | 1 |
| Hassan, N | 1 |
| Chantraine, A | 1 |
| Van Ouwenaller, C | 1 |
| Tremblay, LE | 1 |
| Bedard, PJ | 1 |
| Nance, PW | 5 |
| Emre, M | 3 |
| Leslie, GC | 2 |
| Muir, C | 2 |
| Part, NJ | 2 |
| Pokorny, R | 2 |
| Roberts, RC | 2 |
| Young, RR | 1 |
| Delwaide, PJ | 2 |
| Pennisi, G | 1 |
| Smith, C | 1 |
| Birnbaum, G | 1 |
| Carter, JL | 1 |
| Greenstein, J | 1 |
| Lublin, FD | 1 |
| Bugaresti, J | 1 |
| Shellenberger, K | 1 |
| Sheremata, W | 1 |
| Martinez-Arizala, A | 1 |
| Lataste, X | 1 |
| Davis, C | 1 |
| Groves, L | 1 |
| Wallace, JD | 1 |
| Milanov, I | 1 |
| Georgiev, D | 1 |
| Rosenblum, D | 1 |
| Sipski, ML | 1 |
| Khan, OA | 1 |
| Olek, MJ | 1 |
| Middleton, JW | 1 |
| Siddall, PJ | 1 |
| Walker, S | 1 |
| Molloy, AR | 1 |
| Rutkowski, SB | 1 |
| Dall, JT | 1 |
| Harmon, RL | 2 |
| Quinn, CM | 1 |
| Landau, WM | 1 |
| Wagstaff, AJ | 1 |
| Bryson, HM | 1 |
| Shumilina, AP | 1 |
| Guzeva, VI | 1 |
| Skoromets, AA | 1 |
| Gekht, AB | 1 |
| Burd, GS | 1 |
| Selikhova, MV | 1 |
| Iaish, F | 1 |
| Beliakov, VV | 1 |
| Brenner, R | 1 |
| Hyman, N | 1 |
| Knobler, R | 1 |
| O'Brien, M | 1 |
| Stephan, T | 1 |
| Maksimov, OG | 1 |
| Secheĭko, MV | 1 |
| Andriĭchuk, EL | 1 |
| Stolp-Smith, KA | 1 |
| Kita, M | 1 |
| Goodkin, DE | 1 |
| Noth, J | 1 |
| Johnson, TR | 1 |
| Tobias, JD | 1 |
| Gelber, DA | 1 |
| Good, DC | 1 |
| Dromerick, A | 1 |
| Sergay, S | 1 |
| Richardson, M | 1 |
| Meythaler, JM | 1 |
| Guin-Renfroe, S | 1 |
| Johnson, A | 1 |
| Brunner, RM | 1 |
| Elovic, E | 1 |
| Autti-Rämö, I | 1 |
| Schapiro, RT | 1 |
| Rösche, J | 1 |
| Ringwald, E | 2 |
| Campean, SJ | 1 |
| Gerstenbrand, F | 2 |
| Lorincz, A | 2 |
| Lörincz, P | 1 |
| Ludin, HP | 2 |
| Sandford, PR | 1 |
| Spengler, SE | 1 |
| Sawasky, KB | 1 |
| Milanov, IG | 1 |
| Weingarden, SI | 1 |
| Belen, JG | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study to Compare the Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Versus Best Medical Treatment on Severe Spasticity in Post-stroke Patients After 6 Months Active Treatment[NCT01032239] | Phase 4 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of EXOPULSE Mollii Suit on Spasticity and Muscular Oxygenation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.[NCT05912595] | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-18 | Recruiting | |||
| Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Walking Ability and Quality of Life in Individuals With Chronic Stroke[NCT04673045] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-02 | Recruiting | |||
| Placebo-Controlled Trial of BOTOX® Versus Zanaflex® for the Treatment of Subjects With Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity[NCT00430196] | Phase 4 | 135 participants | Interventional | 2003-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Botulinum Toxin for Paratonic Rigidity in People With Advanced Cognitive Impairment[NCT02212119] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Management of Spasticity in Patients With Cerebral Palsy[NCT05702606] | 73 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-06-10 | Completed | |||
| Sensory-Motor Rehabilitation Post Stroke[NCT02369770] | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-04-26 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 0,5 mg Tizaspray® Administered Intranasally Versus Sirdalud® 2 mg Tablets, in Patients With Acute Low Back Pain[NCT02934061] | Phase 3 | 117 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Antispastic Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Cerebral and Spinal Spasticity[NCT01786005] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Recruiting | ||
| The Clinical Effect and Sonographic Findings of Kinesiotaping Combined With Therapeutic Exercise in Upper Extremity Spasticity and Function in Subacute Stroke Patients[NCT03024190] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Dexmedetomidine Comme Adjuvant à la rachianesthésie Lors de césariennes électives : Une étude Pilote[NCT05099055] | Phase 3 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-03-15 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Change in average 10MTWT from baseline to month 6 beetween ITB and BMT arm. Change=10MTWT at month 6 - 10MTWT at baseline (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 4.86 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -2.48 |
"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the lower extremities were assessed: hip flexors, hip adductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors and ankle-dorsal flexors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 6 muscles of the affected lower extremity. Change in average AS in affected lower extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | -0.99 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -0.43 |
"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the upper extremities were assessed: wrist flexors, elbow flexors, elbow extensors, shoulder abductors and shoulder adductors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 5 muscles of the affected lower extremities. Change in average AS in affected upper extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | -0.66 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -0.17 |
FIM contains 18 items composed of 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks. Tasks are rated on a 7-point ordinal scale that ranges from total assistance (or complete dependence) to complete independence. Ratings should reflect actual observed performance, not capability. Total score ranges from 18 (lowest) to 126 (highest) level of independence. Change in FIM total score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=FIM score at month 6 - FIM score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 2.68 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -2.58 |
"SS-QoL questionnaire is a self-assessed quality of life questionnaire specifically designed for post-stroke patients. It evaluates 49 items across 12-domains: personality, energy, language, mobility, vision, upper extremity function, thinking, mood, work/productivity, self-care, and family and social roles. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert Scale, measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Summary score is composed of an unweighted average of the 12 domain scores, with higher scores indicating better QoL. Total score ranges from 1 to 5. Change in SS-QoL summary score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change=SS-QoL score at month 6 - SS-QoL score at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITB Therapy | 0.26 |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.05 |
"The EQ-5D-3L is a generic measure of health status consisting in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system is characterized on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, ability to undertake usual activities, pain and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their level of health on each dimension using one of three levels: no health problems, moderate health problems, and severe health problems. Responses from the questionnaire were converted to a single health index utility score; this ranges from -0.595 to 1. EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' (100) and 'Worst imaginable health state' (0). Change in EQ-5D-3L utility score and VAS score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm were assessed. Change=EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score at month 6 - EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Utility Score | VAS | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.01 | 4.40 |
| ITB Therapy | 0.09 | 9.68 |
"NPRS is designed to assess the level of pain a patient is feeling at a point in time. The following questions has been presented to patients: What is your actual spasticity-related or spasm-related pain? What was your least spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? What was your worst spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? The patient indicated how much pain he is feeling on a scale from 0 to 10. A score of 0 (zero) is no pain while a score of 10 (ten) is worst possible pain. Change in NPRS related to actual, least or worst pain from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=NPRS at month 6 - NPRS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Actual pain | Least Pain | Worst Pain | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 0.00 | 0.24 | -0.04 |
| ITB Therapy | -1.17 | -1.61 | -1.35 |
The SF-12 is generic assessment of health-related quality of life, which evaluates 8 health dimensions (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and general health). Subscale scores for each dimension were aggregated into summary scores for physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) components (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health). Changes in the PCS and MCS from baseline to Month 6 were both compared between the BMT and ITB arms. Change=SF-12 score at month 6 - SF-12 score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| PCS | MCS | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | -1.13 | -0.82 |
| ITB Therapy | 3.13 | 1.05 |
Number of patients with healthcare professional contacts outside of study visits in the ITB and BMT between baseline and months 6 (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, ITB test (only ITB arm), second assessment (only BMT arm), week 6 (only ITB arm), month 3, month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline : general practitioner | Baseline : neurologist | Baseline : nurse (hospital setting) | Baseline : nurse (home care) | Baseline : orthopedic surgeon | Baseline : other | ITB test:general practitioner | ITB test: neurologist | ITB test :other | Second Assessment: general practitioner | Second Assessment: neurologist | Second Assessment: nurse (home care) | Second Assessment: other | week 6: general practitioner | week 6: nurse (hospital setting) | week 6: other | month 3: general practitioner | month 3: neurologist | month 3: other | month 6: general practitioner | month 6: neurologist | month 6: other | |
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 8 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | NA | NA | NA | 8 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 11 |
| ITB Therapy | 14 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 8 |
Patient was asked to transfer from the wheelchair to bed without human assistance. High level functional patient (HLP) could transfer. Low level functional patient (LLP) was not able to transfer. Comparison of the number and percentage of HLP and LLP between ITB and BMT arms was evaluated. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, month 3, month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline72364475 | Baseline72364476 | Month 372364475 | Month 372364476 | Month 672364475 | Month 672364476 | |||||||
| HLP | LLP | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 22 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 24 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 9 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 21 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 6 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 19 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 19 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 5 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 5 | |||||||||||
"Patients were presented with two statements (I am satisfied with the reduction in spasticity provided by my treatment, and I would recommend this therapy to a friend). They agreed, disagreed or were neutral with the statements." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: month 6
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364475 | Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364476 | Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364475 | Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364476 | |||||||||
| disagree | neutral | agree | ||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 2 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 7 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 4 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 16 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 11 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 5 | |||||||||||
| ITB Therapy | 3 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 4 | |||||||||||
| Best Medical Treatment (BMT) | 14 | |||||||||||
33 reviews available for clonidine and Muscle Spasticity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A mixed treatment comparison on efficacy and safety of treatments for spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabinoids; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; M | 2018 |
Pharmacological management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and consensus paper.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Baclofen; Cannabidiol; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dantrolene; Diaze | 2016 |
Pharmacological interventions other than botulinum toxin for spasticity after stroke.
Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle S | 2016 |
Update on tizanidine for muscle spasticity and emerging indications.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Low Back | 2008 |
Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child
Topics: Adolescent; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Rel | 2010 |
Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child
Topics: Adolescent; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Rel | 2010 |
Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child
Topics: Adolescent; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Rel | 2010 |
Practice parameter: pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child
Topics: Adolescent; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Rel | 2010 |
[New therapies for spastic movement disorders].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabinoids; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; | 2009 |
Spasticity: revisiting the role and the individual value of several pharmacological treatments.
Topics: Amines; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids | 2010 |
Managing spasticity with drugs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Mus | 2010 |
Pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in children.
Topics: Age Factors; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Child; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Humans; Injections, | 2010 |
Pharmacotherapy of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.
Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; | 2011 |
[Pharmacological treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Algorithms; Amines; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dant | 2012 |
Anti-spasticity medications.
Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; M | 2003 |
[Spastic syndrome and main directions of its treatment].
Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Motor Neuron Disease; | 2003 |
[Pharmacology and upper limb poststroke spasticity: a review. International Society of Prosthetics and Orthotics].
Topics: Arm; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Dantrolene; Ergonomic | 2004 |
Pharmacologic interventions for reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Age Factors; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Baclofen | 2005 |
Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury: results of a Cochrane systematic review.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Randomized Co | 2006 |
The pharmacological management of spasticity.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity | 2006 |
Spasticity: a review.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Neurotransmitter Agents; Reflex, St | 1994 |
Tizanidine and electrophysiologic analysis of spinal control mechanisms in humans with spasticity.
Topics: Clonidine; Electrophysiology; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Reflex, Stretch; | 1994 |
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tizanidine.
Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity | 1994 |
Comparative profile of tizanidine in the management of spasticity.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Baclofen; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle | 1994 |
Summary of combined clinical analysis of controlled clinical trials with tizanidine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Mal | 1994 |
Tizanidine. A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Brain Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Humans; Mus | 1997 |
[The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes].
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Muscle Tonus; Muscular Diseases; Pa | 1997 |
An approach to switching patients from baclofen to tizanidine.
Topics: Baclofen; Clinical Competence; Clonidine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Mus | 1998 |
Drugs used to treat spasticity.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, C | 2000 |
Alpha adrenergic and serotonergic agents in the treatment of spastic hypertonia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Clonidine; Cyproheptadine; Humans; Muscle Spast | 2001 |
Intrathecal clonidine for controlling spastic hypertonia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Spasticity; Reflex | 2001 |
Principles of pharmaceutical management of spastic hypertonia.
Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins; Brain Injuries; Clonidine; Dant | 2001 |
[Treatment of spasticity].
Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Muscle Re | 1999 |
Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Autoimmune Diseases; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabin | 2001 |
[Spasticity: therapy of increased reflexes or movement disorder?].
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Glycine; Humans; Locomotion; M | 1990 |
Pharmacotherapy of spasticity: some theoretical and practical considerations.
Topics: Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Parasympatholytics | 1987 |
35 trials available for clonidine and Muscle Spasticity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Lower Limb Spasticity in Stroke Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; M | 2017 |
Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Infusi | 2018 |
Interventions to Reduce Spasticity and Improve Function in People With Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Distinctions Revealed by Different Analytical Methods.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cervical Vertebrae; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Data Interpretation, Statistic | 2015 |
Variability in responsiveness to interventions in people with spinal cord injury: Do some respond better than others?
Topics: Ankle Joint; Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries; | 2014 |
[The use of tizanidine in combined treatment of arm poststroke spasticity].
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Arm; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; | 2014 |
Influence of Previous Failed Antispasticity Therapy on the Efficacy and Tolerability of THC:CBD Oromucosal Spray for Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cannabidiol; Clonidine; Dronabinol; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle | 2016 |
Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2009 |
Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2009 |
Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2009 |
Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female | 2009 |
Nightly sublingual tizanidine HCl in multiple sclerosis: clinical efficacy and safety.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; | 2010 |
Cost-effectiveness comparison of tizanidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Un | 2002 |
Effect of intrathecal clonidine on group I and group II oligosynaptic excitation in paraplegics.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Afferent Pathways; Aged; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Female; | 2003 |
A new skeletal muscle relaxant (DS 103-282) compared to diazepam in the treatment of muscle spasm of local origin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Back Pain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 1981 |
Tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Mid | 1982 |
A double-blind comparative trial of new muscle relaxant, tizanidine (DS 103-282), and baclofen in the treatment of chronic spasticity in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Fe | 1981 |
Antiparetic and antispastic effects induced by tizanidine in patients with spastic paresis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Met | 1982 |
The assessment of drug treatment of spastic gait.
Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Gait; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle | 1981 |
A comparison of clonidine, cyproheptadine and baclofen in spastic spinal cord injured patients.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyproheptadine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; | 1994 |
Correlations between dose, plasma concentrations, and antispastic action of tizanidine (Sirdalud).
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 1994 |
Tizanidine treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. US Tizanidine Study Group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple | 1994 |
Efficacy and safety of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. North American Tizanidine Study Group.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Humans | 1994 |
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1994 |
[The use of sirdalud in the treatment of spasticity in infantile cerebral palsy].
Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relat | 1999 |
Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke.
Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscl | 2001 |
Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Rela | 2001 |
[Clinical experiences with a new muscle relaxant (DS 103-282 Sandoz) (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; M | 1977 |
Clonidine transdermal system for treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Co | 1992 |
Modulation of locomotor patterns and spasticity with clonidine in spinal cord injured patients.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Humans; Locomotion; Male; Middle Aged; Musc | 1991 |
The combined effects of clonidine and cyproheptadine with interactive training on the modulation of locomotion in spinal cord injured subjects.
Topics: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyproheptadine; Double-Blind M | 1990 |
Reflex changes induced by clonidine in spinal cord injured patients.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; H-Reflex; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Reflex, Monosynapt | 1989 |
[Comparative double-blind study of the effectiveness and tolerance of baclofen, tetrazepam and tizanidine in spastic movement disorders of the lower extremities].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Clinical | 1989 |
A double-blind, long-term study of tizanidine ('Sirdalud') in spasticity due to cerebrovascular lesions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind | 1989 |
Multi-centre, double-blind trial of a novel antispastic agent, tizanidine, in spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Mal | 1988 |
A multi-centre, double-blind trial of tizanidine, a new antispastic agent, in spasticity associated with hemiplegia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 1988 |
Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Brain; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Mid | 1988 |
The treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind clinical trial of a new anti-spastic drug tizanidine compared with baclofen.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Fem | 1987 |
Treatment of spasticity with tizanidine in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1987 |
56 other studies available for clonidine and Muscle Spasticity
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
5-Aryl-3-(alkylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as selective antagonists of strychnine-induced convulsions and potential antispastic agents.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Electroshock; Flumazenil; Male; Mi | 1994 |
Italian consensus on treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Consensus; Disease Management; Gabapentin; Humans; Injections | 2020 |
Early outcomes after intrathecal baclofen therapy in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2018 |
Optimization of Microemulgel for Tizanidine Hydrochloride.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Biological Availability; Cells, Cultured; Chickens; Clonidine; D | 2020 |
Pharmacological management of abnormal tone and movement in cerebral palsy.
Topics: Adolescent; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child Health Services; Child, Prescho | 2019 |
Adherence associated with oral medications in the treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Male; Medication Adher | 2013 |
Therapeutic effects of anti-spastic medication on neuromuscular abnormalities in SCI: a system identification approach.
Topics: Algorithms; Ankle; Ankle Joint; Anticonvulsants; Clonidine; Electromyography; Exercise Therapy; Huma | 2013 |
[Comparative effectiveness of different muscle relaxants in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients with spasticity].
Topics: Aged; Baclofen; Clonidine; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Male; Mus | 2013 |
Facilitatory effects of anti-spastic medication on robotic locomotor training in people with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Female; Gait; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Learni | 2015 |
Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Oral Baclofen Versus Tizanidine Therapy with Adjuvant Botulinum Toxin Type A in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Equinus Foot Deformity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, | 2016 |
Comparison between the therapeutic effects of robotic-assisted locomotor training and an anti-spastic medication on spasticity.
Topics: Ankle Joint; Clonidine; Electromyography; Humans; Motor Activity; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle | 2015 |
Botulinum toxin should be first-line treatment for poststroke spasticity.
Topics: Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Botulinum Toxins; Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spast | 2009 |
Drug treatments for spasticity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohols; Algorithms; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxin | 2009 |
Quantification of the effects of an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist on reflex properties in spinal cord injury using a system identification technique.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Ankle Joint; Clonidine; Elas | 2010 |
Cervical myelopathy from spinal sarcoidosis as the unexpected initial presentation for systemic sarcoidosis.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Clonidine; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hype | 2010 |
Spastic long-lasting reflexes of the chronic spinal rat studied in vitro.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Dose-Response | 2004 |
Correlation between withdrawal symptoms and medication pump residual volume in patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Bupivacaine; Clon | 2004 |
Oral baclofen and clonidine for treatment of spasticity in children.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Baclofen; Brain Inj | 2006 |
Functional restoration of the traumatically injured spinal cord in cats by clonidine.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cell Membrane; Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Sp | 1982 |
Analysis of gait and isokinetic movements for evaluation of antispastic drugs or physical therapies.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Clonidine; Electromyography; Gait; Humans; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Muscle | 1983 |
Tizanidine--initial pharmacokinetic studies in patients with spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle | 1983 |
The drug treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Diazepam; Humans; Muscle Spasticity; Parasympatholytics | 1983 |
Double-blind comparison of single doses of DS103-282, baclofen and placebo for suppression of spasticity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Female; Hemiple | 1980 |
[Study of a new myorelaxant in neurological affections (author's transl)].
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Electromyography; Female; Human | 1981 |
Action of 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, thyrotropin releasing hormone and clonidine on spinal neuron excitability.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Motor Neurons; Muscle Spasticity; | 1995 |
Role of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity | 1994 |
Mechanisms of tizanidine action on spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; H-Reflex; Hemiplegia; H | 1994 |
Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries | 1993 |
Effect of transdermal clonidine on spinal spasticity. A case series.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Hypertonia; Mu | 1993 |
Clonidine in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Spasticity | 1995 |
Intrathecal clonidine and baclofen in the management of spasticity and neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a case study.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Muscle | 1996 |
Use of clonidine for treatment of spasticity arising from various forms of brain injury: a case series.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Brain Injuries; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; | 1996 |
Tizanidine and spasticity.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Spasticity | 1995 |
Tizanidine for spasticity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Administra | 1997 |
[Sirdalud in the practice of the pediatric neurologist].
Topics: Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Mu | 1997 |
Spasticity: current and future management. Royal College of Physicians, November 13, 1997.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gait; Humans; Muscle Spastici | 1998 |
[Disorders of muscle tonus and their treatment with sirdalud in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Ischemia; Clonidine; Female; H-Reflex; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxant | 1998 |
[Current data on bipolar disorders, epilepsy and spasticity. 4. Neuro-Forum, Dresden].
Topics: Baclofen; Bipolar Disorder; Clonidine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Mu | 1999 |
Drug interactions and spasticity.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Antidepressive Agents; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Mu | 1999 |
[Pharmacology of spasticity. Does therapy remain in deep sleep?].
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Drug Industry; Humans; Injections, Spinal; M | 2000 |
Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Child; Clonidine; Drug Interact | 2000 |
Treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Aminopyridines; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Cy | 2002 |
[Long-term treatment with an imidazoline derivative (DS 103--282) (author's transl)].
Topics: Arm; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Spasticity; Paralysis; Urinati | 1979 |
Clonidine in the treatment of brainstem spasticity. Case report.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Cerebral Infarction; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Medulla Oblongata; Muscle Spasticit | 1992 |
Flexor reflex for assessment of common interneurone activity in spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Cerebrovascular Diso | 1992 |
Development of a simple spasticity quantification method: effects of tizanidine on spasticity in patients with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Musc | 1992 |
Noradrenergic mechanisms involved in muscle relaxation: significance for the treatment of spasticity.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Neural In | 1991 |
Clonidine inhibits vesico-sphincter reflexes in patients with chronic spinal lesions.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Spast | 1991 |
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the oral antispastic agent tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injury.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; M | 1989 |
Tizanidine vs. baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Spasticity | 1989 |
Clonidine in spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha | 1985 |
Clonidine effect on spasticity: a clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Spasticity; Paraplegia | 1988 |
Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Baclofen; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Age | 1988 |
[Long-term treatment of spasticity with tisanidine (sirdulad) in 2 cases of multiple sclerosis].
Topics: Clonidine; Female; Humans; Leg; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Muscle Spasticity; Time Factors | 1987 |
Early clinical experience with clonidine in spinal spasticity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Quadriplegia | 1986 |
Electrophysiological analysis of the mode of action of muscle relaxants in spasticity.
Topics: Baclofen; Clonidine; Diazepam; Electrophysiology; Ethanolamines; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; | 1985 |