clonidine and Heroin Abuse studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Opioid detoxification is not an effective stand-alone treatment for heroin dependence but is nevertheless an essential step in the path to recovery."	5.15	Outpatient versus inpatient opioid detoxification: a randomized controlled trial. ( Day, E; Strang, J, 2011)
"Two hundred and twelve patients with heroin dependence were randomly assigned to the Jinniu capsule or lofexidine treatment groups during a 10-day double-blind clinical trial."	5.13	A comparative clinical study of the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Jinniu capsules and lofexidine on acute heroin withdrawal symptoms. ( Chen, HX; Hao, W; Li, J; Li, SX; Liu, TT; Lu, L; Shen, LY; Shi, J; Wang, X; Xu, GZ, 2008)
"Growth hormone (GH) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) responses to clonidine stimulation were examined in 18 male heroin addicts, 9 with and 9 without previous histories of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) and conduct disorder (CD)."	3.69	Alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in heroin addicts with and without previous attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity and conduct disorder. ( Avanzini, P; Brambilla, F; Caccavari, R; Delsignore, R; Fertonani-Affini, G; Fontanesi, B; Gerra, G; Maestri, D; Marcato, A; Perna, G, 1994)
"The effects of iv stimulation with clonidine on plasma levels of beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), beta-endorphin (beta-EP), cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were tested in a group of 10 healthy volunteers and in 8 heroin abusers."	3.67	Impairment of adrenergic-induced proopiomelanocortin-related peptide release in heroin addicts. ( Facchinetti, F; Genazzani, AR; Nappi, G; Petraglia, F; Volpe, A, 1985)
"Dextromethorphan has been reported to ameliorate opioid withdrawal symptoms in both animal and human subjects."	2.79	A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dextromethorphan combined with clonidine in the treatment of heroin withdrawal. ( Chen, CH; Lin, SK; Pan, CH, 2014)
"Both treatments significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms by day 3, but there was no significant difference overall between lofexidine and FYP in efficacy or safety."	2.74	A study on Fu-Yuan Pellet, a traditional chinese medicine formula for detoxification of heroin addictions. ( Hu, M; Huang, M; Kang, L; Li, J; Wang, X, 2009)
" This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, pilot study compares two buprenorphine sublingual tablet dosing schedules to oral clonidine."	2.71	A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, prospective pilot study of the partial mu opiate agonist, buprenorphine, for acute detoxification from heroin. ( Ellis, ML; Knox, PC; Malte, CA; Oreskovich, MR; Reoux, JP; Saxon, AJ, 2005)
"Peak withdrawal symptoms after naltrexone were of moderate intensity, suggesting that naltrexone combined with buprenorphine is an acceptable and safe treatment for shortened opioid detoxification and induction of naltrexone maintenance."	2.69	Naltrexone shortened opioid detoxification with buprenorphine. ( Chiang, CT; Demuth, KL; Hoover, DR; Montoya, ID; Preston, KL; Umbricht, A, 1999)
"Withdrawal symptoms were significantly less severe on days 4-7, and 9-13, in the naltrexone/lofexidine combination group."	2.69	Naltrexone and lofexidine combination treatment compared with conventional lofexidine treatment for in-patient opiate detoxification. ( Bearn, J; Buntwal, N; Gossop, M; Strang, J, 2000)
"The lofexidine treatment more severe symptoms from day 3 to 7 and again on day 10 (the last day of treatment), but thereafter both groups showed a similar progressive symptom decline."	2.68	Randomised double-blind comparison of lofexidine and methadone in the in-patient treatment of opiate withdrawal. ( Bearn, J; Gossop, M; Strang, J, 1996)
"Clonidine was more effective than lefetamine in suppressing withdrawal in the first 3 days of treatment (day 3: F = 4."	2.67	Opiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefetamine, clonidine and buprenorphine. ( Janiri, L; Mannelli, P; Persico, AM; Serretti, A; Tempesta, E, 1994)
"Clonidine was effective but had a differential effect on the signs and symptoms of morphine abstinence."	2.66	Clonidine in morphine withdrawal. Differential effects on signs and symptoms. ( Jasinski, DR; Johnson, RE; Kocher, TR, 1985)
"Clonidine, 0."	2.66	Effect of clonidine on plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and growth hormone secretion in opiate-addicted subjects. ( Bar-Yoseph, J; Gil-Ad, I; Laron, Z; Smadja, Y; Zohar, M, 1985)
"Treatment of cocaine addiction includes anti-craving agents, dopamine agonists or blocking agents, antidepressants, and treatment of co-morbid psychiatric disorders, but all with mixed results."	2.42	Pharmacologic treatments for heroin and cocaine dependence. ( Kleber, HD, 2003)
" At each daily visit, signs and symptoms were assessed, and medications and dosing instructions were given for the following 24 hours."	1.37	A nonopioid procedure for outpatient opioid detoxification. ( Baier, AR; Coons, EE; Fingesten, A; Ockert, DM; Volpicelli, JR, 2011)
"Buprenorphine has been approved for heroin detoxification, but little is known about its impact on everyday practice."	1.34	Buprenorphine for acute heroin detoxification: diffusion of research into practice. ( Boverman, JF; Kovas, AE; McCarty, DJ; McFarland, BH; Thayer, JA, 2007)
"Clonidine hydrochloride is an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist commonly prescribed as an antihypertensive agent."	1.32	Intentional clonidine patch ingestion by 3 adults in a detoxification unit. ( Rapko, DA; Rastegar, DA, 2003)
"Twelve heroin-dependent subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) (group A), 18 heroin-dependent subjects without other Axis I and II pathologies (group B) were included among abstinent substance abusers."	1.32	Neuroendocrine correlates of antisocial personality disorder in abstinent heroin-dependent subjects. ( Brambilla, F; Bussandri, M; Caccavari, R; Delsignore, R; Gerra, G; Moi, G; Zaimovic, A, 2003)
"Its efficacy and tolerance in treating withdrawal symptoms is, however, suboptimal."	1.31	Topiramate in opiate withdrawal. ( Besson, J; Cottier, AC; Zullino, DF, 2002)
"One of the treatment alternative of withdrawal symptoms of patients suffering from opiate dependence is to apply the clonidine in combination or itself."	1.31	[Tizanidine in the treatment of acute withdrawal symptoms in heroin dependent patients]. ( Csorba, J; Gerevich, J; Kiss, N; Sós, I, 2000)
" The dosage of the two comparatine groups is given according to Documentation, the method of abserving the treatment protocols and detoxification standard is according to current regulation."	1.30	[Clinial study of "qingjunyin" detoxification for the treatment of heroin addicts]. ( Lan, S; Lu, H; Wang, G; Yuan, D; Zhan, C, 1997)
"Withdrawal symptoms were still present 24 h after detoxification and 80% of the patients relapsed during a 6-month follow-up."	1.30	Ultra-rapid opiate detoxification using deep sedation with oral midazolam: short and long-term results. ( Bertschy, G; Cucchia, AT; Ferrero, F; Monnat, M; Spagnoli, J, 1998)
" The chronic administration of opiates has been associated with a marked sensitization of the adenylyl cyclase/cyclic AMP system, although this phenomenon is not exclusive of the opioid system but the general cellular adaptation to chronic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase."	1.29	Loss of protein kinase C-alpha beta in brain of heroin addicts and morphine-dependent rats. ( Busquets, X; Escriba, PV; García-Sevilla, JA; Sastre, M, 1995)
"Heroin consumption was found to provoke a further decrease of both systolic and diastolic pressure when the time interval between the relapse and the cardiovascular determinations was about 3 h as estimated by the patients."	1.28	Relapse to opiate use provokes biphasic changes of blood pressure in heroin-withdrawn addicts treated with clonidine. ( Alamo, C; Alguacil, LF; Lopez-Trabada, JR; Pascual, J; Rubio, G, 1992)
"Clonidine has been used to assist opiate detoxification in the past 10 years."	1.28	Two cases of clonidine abuse/dependence in methadone-maintained patients. ( Lauzon, P, 1992)
"Clonidine doses used were lower than in similar studies and all patients were alert and mobile throughout withdrawal."	1.28	Clonidine versus long- and short-term methadone-aided withdrawal from opiates. An uncontrolled comparison. ( Bradley, B; Gossop, M; Griffiths, P; Kasvikis, Y; Marks, I, 1990)
"The purpose of this open, uncontrolled study in a group of confirmed heroin addicts of both sexes was to determine whether clonidine by itself suppresses opiate withdrawal reactions, its maximal effective dosage range, the time of maximal effect, duration of its effectiveness and the extent of cardiovascular side effects."	1.28	Evaluation of clonidine suppression of opiate withdrawal reactions: a multidisciplinary approach. ( Beroniade, V; Cuthill, JD; Salvatori, VA; Viguié, F, 1990)
"Treatment with clonidine markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect induced by (-)adrenaline on platelet adenylate cyclase activity."	1.27	Alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase activity in heroin addicts in abstinence. ( García-Sevilla, JA; Gutierrez, M; Ugedo, L; Ulibarri, I, 1987)
"Treatment with clonidine led to significant decreases in receptor densities as well as in functional responses."	1.27	Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors in heroin addicts during withdrawal and after treatment with clonidine. ( Garcia-Sevilla, JA; Gutierrez, M; Ugedo, L; Ulibarri, I, 1985)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	40 (33.33)	18.7374
1990's	35 (29.17)	18.2507
2000's	38 (31.67)	29.6817
2010's	7 (5.83)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Can Cognitive-bias Modification Training During Inpatient Alcohol Detoxification Reduce Relapse Rates Post-discharge?[NCT02634476]				83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Pharmacologic treatments for heroin and cocaine dependence. The American journal on addictions, 2003, Volume: 12, Issue:s2 Topics: Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Comorbidity; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Mental	2003
[Acute clinidine intoxication. Critical review]. Recenti progressi in medicina, 1981, Volume: 71, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Self	1981
An addict who wants to detoxify. The Practitioner, 1998, Volume: 242, Issue:1592 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Nal	1998
The medical management of adolescent heroin dependence. Current psychiatry reports, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Narcotic Antagonists; Na	2000
[Contemporary methods in pharmacotherapy in the opiate dependent treatment]. Przeglad lekarski, 2000, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inactivation, Metabo	2000
Clonidine treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. A review of clinical trials of a theory. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1986, Volume: 327 Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cloni	1986

Article	Year
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dextromethorphan combined with clonidine in the treatment of heroin withdrawal. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heroin D	2014
Baseline characteristics of patients predicting suitability for rapid naltrexone induction. The American journal on addictions, 2015, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Therapy, Co	2015
Predictors of outcome for short-term medically supervised opioid withdrawal during a randomized, multicenter trial of buprenorphine-naloxone and clonidine in the NIDA clinical trials network drug and alcohol dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2009, Jan-01, Volume: 99, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Data Interpretation, Stat	2009
A comparative clinical study of the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Jinniu capsules and lofexidine on acute heroin withdrawal symptoms. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Mal	2008
A study on Fu-Yuan Pellet, a traditional chinese medicine formula for detoxification of heroin addictions. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heroin Depen	2009
Outpatient versus inpatient opioid detoxification: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Methadon	2011
Clonidine improved laboratory-measured decision-making performance in abstinent heroin addicts. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clonidine; Decision Making; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2012
A comparison of antagonist-precipitated withdrawal under anesthesia to standard inpatient withdrawal as a precursor to maintenance naltrexone treatment in heroin users: outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2002, Sep-01, Volume: 68, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Clonidine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin	2002
A randomized controlled trial of buprenorphine in the management of short-term ambulatory heroin withdrawal. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2002, Volume: 97, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Narcotics	2002
Opioid detoxification with buprenorphine, clonidine, or methadone in hospitalized heroin-dependent patients with HIV infection. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2003, Apr-01, Volume: 69, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Rela	2003
[Clinical observation on effect of modified banxia houpu decoction in treating patients with protracted heroin abstinence syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Narcot	2004
A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, prospective pilot study of the partial mu opiate agonist, buprenorphine, for acute detoxification from heroin. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2005, Jan-07, Volume: 77, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2005
Opioid antagonist detoxification under anaesthesia versus traditional clonidine detoxification combined with an additional week of psychosocial support: a randomised clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2006, Feb-01, Volume: 81, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female;	2006
Anesthesia-assisted vs buprenorphine- or clonidine-assisted heroin detoxification and naltrexone induction: a randomized trial. JAMA, 2005, Aug-24, Volume: 294, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heroin Depe	2005
Well-being, psychosocial factors, and side-effects among heroin-dependent inpatients after detoxification using buprenorphine versus clonidine. Addictive behaviors, 2006, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cross-Sectional Studies	2006
Tai-Kang-Ning, a Chinese herbal medicine formula, alleviates acute heroin withdrawal. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Her	2008
[A drug therapy trial in psychiatry]. Soins. Psychiatrie, 1983, Issue:37 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male	1983
A controlled comparison of buprenorphine and clonidine for acute detoxification from opioids. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1994, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Baltimore; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; D	1994
Opiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefetamine, clonidine and buprenorphine. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1994, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind	1994
Craving and drug reward: a comparison of methadone and clonidine in detoxifying opiate addicts. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Behavior Therapy; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Dose-Response Rel	1995
Randomised double-blind comparison of lofexidine and methadone in the in-patient treatment of opiate withdrawal. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1996, Dec-02, Volume: 43, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans	1996
The association carbamazepine-mianserin in opiate withdrawal: a double blind pilot study versus clonidine. Pharmacological research, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Carbamazepine; Clonidine;	1997
Three methods of opioid detoxification in a primary care setting. A randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine, 1997, Oct-01, Volume: 127, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th	1997
A pilot study of naltrexone-accelerated detoxification in opioid dependence. The Medical journal of Australia, 1999, Jul-05, Volume: 171, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Female; Flunitraz	1999
Naltrexone shortened opioid detoxification with buprenorphine. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1999, Oct-01, Volume: 56, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Area Under Curve; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interaction	1999
Rapid opiate detoxication in outpatient treatment: relationship with naltrexone compliance. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2000, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Baclofen; Clo	2000
Naltrexone and lofexidine combination treatment compared with conventional lofexidine treatment for in-patient opiate detoxification. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2000, May-01, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Dr	2000
24-Hour opiate detoxification and antagonist induction at home--the 'Asturian method': a report on 1368 procedures. Addiction biology, 2002, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aftercare; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Drug Implan	2002
Noradrenergic hyperactivity in opiate withdrawal supported by clonidine reversal of opiate withdrawal. The American journal of psychiatry, 1979, Volume: 136, Issue:1 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Locus Coeruleus	1979
Hypercortisolism after opioid discontinuation in rapid detoxification of heroin addicts. British journal of addiction, 1992, Volume: 87, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Guanfacine; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Huma	1992
Efficacy of clonidine, guanfacine and methadone in the rapid detoxification of heroin addicts: a controlled clinical trial. British journal of addiction, 1990, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Heroin Dependence; Huma	1990
Cocaine abuse among heroin addicts in Spain. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Cocaine; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; H	1991
Clonidine in morphine withdrawal. Differential effects on signs and symptoms. Archives of general psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heroin Dependence; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydromorpho	1985
Lefetamine: new abuse of an old drug--clinical evaluation of opioid activity. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1989, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Dependence; Humans; M	1989
Success and failure at inpatient heroin detoxification. British journal of addiction, 1989, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Her	1989
Clonidine transdermal patches for use in outpatient opiate withdrawal. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Hero	1989
Effect of clonidine on plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and growth hormone secretion in opiate-addicted subjects. Israel journal of medical sciences, 1985, Volume: 21, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Endorphins; Female; Growth H	1985
Clonidine in heroin withdrawal syndrome: a controlled study in India. British journal of addiction, 1988, Volume: 83, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlordiazepoxide; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Thera	1988
Clonidine treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. A review of clinical trials of a theory. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1986, Volume: 327 Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cloni	1986
[Clonidine in opiate withdrawal syndrome]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1985, Nov-14, Volume: 103, Issue:42 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans;	1985

Article	Year
[Outcomes of comprehensive inpatient opiate detoxification in patients re-admitted to treatment within one year]. Psychiatrische Praxis, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aftercare; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Comprehensive Health Care; Female; Germany; Heroin Depende	2015
Chronic CRF1 receptor blockade reduces heroin intake escalation and dependence-induced hyperalgesia. Addiction biology, 2015, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antag	2015
Mechanisms of withdrawal-associated increases in heroin self-administration: pharmacologic modulation of heroin vs food choice in heroin-dependent rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic Agonists; Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Choice Behavior;	2009
Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in opioid dependent subjects: effects of acute and protracted abstinence. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Fem	2008
A nonopioid procedure for outpatient opioid detoxification. Journal of addiction medicine, 2011, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Central Nervous Syste	2011
Topiramate in opiate withdrawal. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Clonidine; Female; Fructose; Heroin Dependence; H	2002
[Clinial study of "qingjunyin" detoxification for the treatment of heroin addicts]. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Her	1997
Intentional clonidine patch ingestion by 3 adults in a detoxification unit. Archives of internal medicine, 2003, Feb-10, Volume: 163, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alprazolam; Antihype	2003
Neuroendocrine correlates of antisocial personality disorder in abstinent heroin-dependent subjects. Addiction biology, 2003, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Brain; Bromocriptine; Case-Contro	2003
[Detoxification in withdrawal state in methadone maintenance patients]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2003, Volume: 103, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Heroin Dependence; Hu	2003
The emperor' s new clothes. Journal of addictive diseases, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; M	2003
The use of tramadol for acute heroin withdrawal: a comparison to clonidine. Journal of addictive diseases, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Depend	2003
[Open heart tricuspid valve replacement in a heroin addict Anaesthesiological management]. Der Anaesthesist, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amides; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, In	2005
[Methadone and sleep apnea syndrome]. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2005, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Brain; Clonidine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administr	2005
Methods of detoxification and their role in treating patients with opioid dependence. JAMA, 2005, Aug-24, Volume: 294, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Naltrexone;	2005
Heroin detoxification. JAMA, 2006, Feb-22, Volume: 295, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heroin Dependence; Humans;	2006
Heroin detoxification. JAMA, 2006, Feb-22, Volume: 295, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heroin Dependence; Humans;	2006
Buprenorphine for acute heroin detoxification: diffusion of research into practice. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Diffusion of Innovation; Female; Heroin; Heroin Depe	2007
Client and counselor attitudes toward the use of medications for treatment of opioid dependence. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Attitude of Health Personnel; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Counseling; Culture;	2007
Effect of clonidine on the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in heroin addicts and normal volunteers. Psychiatry research, 1984, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Endorphins; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Grow	1984
Heroin addicts have increased platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities which correlate with the severity of the abstinence syndrome. European journal of pharmacology, 1984, Apr-13, Volume: 100, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Platelets; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Substance Withd	1984
[Detoxification of heroin addicts with clonidine with a regimen of domicilary hospitalization]. Medicina clinica, 1984, Jun-23, Volume: 83, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Male	1984
Overall evaluation of treatment modalities for heroin addiction in a toxicology unit. Substance and alcohol actions/misuse, 1983, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Hospital Units; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Outc	1983
[Cardiovascular and neuropsychologic changes during detoxification of heroin addicts with clonidine]. Medicina clinica, 1984, Mar-17, Volume: 82, Issue:10 Topics: Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Depression; Heart Rate; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inactivation,	1984
The dexamethasone suppression test for major depression among opiate addicts. The American journal of psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 141, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Depressive Disorder; Dexamethasone; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Met	1984
Treatment of heroin addiction. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1983, Volume: 33, Issue:251 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1983
[Drug information. Once upon a time there was a drug addict... nonsense or future?]. Tijdschrift voor ziekenverpleging, 1981, Sep-22, Volume: 34, Issue:19 Topics: Clonidine; Endorphins; Heroin Dependence; Humans	1981
Outpatient opiate detoxification with clonidine. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1982, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Pt 2 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heroin Dependence; Human	1982
[Clonidine as a drug in the treatment of heroin addicts]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1982, Oct-09, Volume: 126, Issue:41 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Narcotic Antagonists; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1982
[Medical aspects of opiate addiction]. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 1982, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inpatients; Methadone; Naloxone; Risk	1982
The clinical use of clonidine in outpatient detoxification from opiates. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1981, Volume: 71 Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Opioi	1981
Clonidine for opiate detoxification: outpatient clinical trials. The American journal of psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 137, Issue:9 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone;	1980
The combination of tizanidine markedly improves the treatment with dextromethorphan of heroin addicted outpatients. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1995, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H	1995
[Current status and prospectives of combating addiction of heroin]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Methadyl Acetate	1995
Loss of protein kinase C-alpha beta in brain of heroin addicts and morphine-dependent rats. Journal of neurochemistry, 1995, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Adult; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Immunoblotting; Male	1995
Alpha-1- and 2-adrenoceptor subsensitivity in siblings of opioid addicts with personality disorders and depression. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1994, Volume: 90, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Heroi	1994
mu-Opioid receptor and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist binding sites in the postmortem brain of heroin addicts. Psychopharmacology, 1994, Volume: 115, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Brain Chemistry; Chron	1994
[Are substitution practices indicated in withdrawal within the framework of health care of drug addicts and according to what modalities?]. Annales de medecine interne, 1994, Volume: 145 Suppl 3 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inpatients; Methadone; Outpatients; Prognosis; Quebec; Social	1994
Alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in heroin addicts with and without previous attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity and conduct disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 1994, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Growth	1994
A study of the use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opioid addiction in the former USSR. Journal of addictive diseases, 1994, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration S	1994
Clonidine patch: reservoir for abuse. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 55, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Mastication; Poisoning	1994
Concomitant abuse of clonidine and heroin. Southern medical journal, 1993, Volume: 86, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Relate	1993
A naturalistic study of home detoxification from opiates using lofexidine. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Male; Methadone; Narco	1998
[Cardiovascular changes during alpha-2 agonist treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome]. Revista clinica espanola, 1998, Volume: 198, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Guanfacine; Heart Rate; Heroin; Heroi	1998
Ultra-rapid opiate detoxification using deep sedation with oral midazolam: short and long-term results. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1998, Nov-01, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination;	1998
Clonidine blocks stress-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats: an effect independent of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons. The European journal of neuroscience, 2000, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; Electroshock; Extinction, Psychological; Heroin; Heroin Dep	2000
[Tizanidine in the treatment of acute withdrawal symptoms in heroin dependent patients]. Orvosi hetilap, 2000, Apr-09, Volume: 141, Issue:15 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Case-Control Studies; Clonidine; Female; Heroin;	2000
Neuroendocrine correlates of depression in abstinent heroin-dependent subjects. Psychiatry research, 2000, Nov-20, Volume: 96, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Brain; Bromocriptine; Case-Contr	2000
Clonidine abuse among opiate addicts. The Psychiatric quarterly, 2001,Summer, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middl	2001
Repeated lofexidine treatment attenuates stress-induced, but not drug cues-induced reinstatement of a heroin-cocaine mixture (speedball) seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Body Weight; Clonidine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning,	2001
[Detoxication of heroin addicts in the area of Genoa]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1979, Dec-31, Volume: 91, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acids; Clonidine; Diazepam; Female; Fructose; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Ma	1979
Outpatient detoxification of heroin addiction, 1969--1973 (methadone, darvon, codeine, clonidine). Clinical toxicology, 1979, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Clonidine; Codeine; Dextropropoxyphene; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone	1979
[Clonidine in opiate abstinence]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1979, May-30, Volume: 99, Issue:15 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Morphine Dependence; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1979
[Preliminary assay of clonidine in opiate withdrawal. Results of an open-study (author's transl)]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1979, Oct-22, Volume: 8, Issue:40 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1979
Relapse to opiate use provokes biphasic changes of blood pressure in heroin-withdrawn addicts treated with clonidine. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1992, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependenc	1992
Two cases of clonidine abuse/dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1992, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Seropositivity; Humans;	1992
Methadone maintenance and clonidine detoxification in the treatment of opiate addicts in Israel: suggesting evidence for cultural differences in the effectiveness of treatment modalities for opiate addiction. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 1991, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Culture; Emp	1991
Experience with clonidine-naltrexone for rapid opiate detoxification. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heroin Depend	1991
[Factors affecting the course of hospital detoxication of drug addicts]. Medicina clinica, 1991, Sep-21, Volume: 97, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Clonidine; Cocaine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Guanfacine; Heroin Depende	1991
[Drug addiction and detoxication units]. Medicina clinica, 1991, Sep-21, Volume: 97, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Clonidine; Female; Guanfacine; Heroin Dependence; Hospital Units; Humans; Ma	1991
Further evidence of the versatility of clonidine. British journal of hospital medicine, 1991, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans	1991
Clonidine versus long- and short-term methadone-aided withdrawal from opiates. An uncontrolled comparison. The International journal of the addictions, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Hospitalization;	1990
Evaluation of clonidine suppression of opiate withdrawal reactions: a multidisciplinary approach. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1990, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Arousal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin; Heroin Dependence;	1990
Inpatient heroin detoxification: a comment. British journal of addiction, 1989, Volume: 84, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Follow-Up Studies; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Heroin Dependence;	1989
The detoxification of high dose heroin addicts in Pakistan. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1989, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developing Countries; Dose-Response Relatio	1989
Alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase activity in heroin addicts in abstinence. Psychopharmacology, 1987, Volume: 92, Issue:3 Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Adult; Blood Platelets; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hero	1987
Impairment of adrenergic-induced proopiomelanocortin-related peptide release in heroin addicts. Acta endocrinologica, 1985, Volume: 108, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; beta-Endorphin; beta-Lipo	1985
[Lysine acetylsalicylate versus clonidine in heroin detoxification]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1986, May-24, Volume: 15, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Lysine	1986
Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors in heroin addicts during withdrawal and after treatment with clonidine. European journal of pharmacology, 1985, Aug-27, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Platelets; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; In Vitro Techniqu	1985
Heroin increases the density and sensitivity of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors in human addicts. Psychopharmacology, 1986, Volume: 88, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Blood Platelets; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Platelet Ag	1986
Treatment of opioid addicts. The Medical journal of Australia, 1987, Feb-02, Volume: 146, Issue:3 Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1987
[Detoxication or physical weaning]. La Revue du praticien, 1987, May-21, Volume: 37, Issue:29 Topics: Clonidine; Depressive Disorder; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1987
[Treatment of opiate weaning by clonidine in prison (evaluation based on 36 patients)]. Annales medico-psychologiques, 1987, Volume: 145, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Priso	1987
[Sinus arrest caused by clonidine during treatment of chronic opiate poisoning]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1985, May-31, Volume: 113, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Clonidine; Heart Arrest; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male	1985
Calcitonin serum levels in heroin addicts: effects of methadone and clonidine detoxication treatments. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Calcitonin; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Radioi	1985

clonidine and Heroin Abuse

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (120)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Specka, M	1
Lopez Gonzales, K	1
Scherbaum, N	1
Park, PE	1
Schlosburg, JE	1
Vendruscolo, LF	1
Schulteis, G	1
Edwards, S	1
Koob, GF	1
Lin, SK	1
Pan, CH	1
Chen, CH	1
Mogali, S	1
Khan, NA	1
Drill, ES	1
Pavlicova, M	1
Sullivan, MA	1
Nunes, E	1
Bisaga, A	2
Negus, SS	1
Rice, KC	1
Ziedonis, DM	1
Amass, L	1
Steinberg, M	1
Woody, G	1
Krejci, J	1
Annon, JJ	1
Cohen, AJ	1
Waite-O'Brien, N	1
Stine, SM	1
McCarty, D	2
Reid, MS	1
Brown, LS	1
Maslansky, R	1
Winhusen, T	1
Babcock, D	1
Brigham, G	1
Muir, J	1
Orr, D	1
Buchan, BJ	1
Horton, T	1
Ling, W	1
Zhang, GF	1
Ren, YP	1
Sheng, LX	1
Chi, Y	1
Du, WJ	1
Guo, S	1
Jiang, ZN	1
Xiao, L	1
Luo, XN	1
Tang, YL	1
Smith, AK	1
Liu, ZQ	1
Zhang, HX	1
Shi, J	2
Xu, GZ	1
Liu, TT	1
Wang, X	2
Shen, LY	1
Li, J	3
Hao, W	1
Chen, HX	1
Li, SX	1
Lu, L	2
Huang, M	1
Kang, L	2
Hu, M	2
Day, E	1
Strang, J	3
Ockert, DM	1
Volpicelli, JR	1
Baier, AR	1
Coons, EE	1
Fingesten, A	1
Zhang, XL	1
Wang, GB	1
Zhao, LY	1
Sun, LL	1
Wang, J	1
Wu, P	1
McGregor, C	1
Ali, R	1
White, JM	1
Thomas, P	1
Gowing, L	1
Lintzeris, N	1
Bell, J	1
Bammer, G	2
Jolley, DJ	1
Rushworth, L	1
Zullino, DF	1
Cottier, AC	1
Besson, J	3
Lu, H	1
Wang, G	1
Lan, S	1
Yuan, D	1
Zhan, C	1
Rapko, DA	1
Rastegar, DA	1
Umbricht, A	2
Hoover, DR	2
Tucker, MJ	1
Leslie, JM	1
Chaisson, RE	1
Preston, KL	2
Gerra, G	5
Zaimovic, A	4
Moi, G	1
Bussandri, M	1
Delsignore, R	5
Caccavari, R	3
Brambilla, F	5
Kleber, HD	3
Sivolap, I	1
Savchenkov, VA	1
Aksel'rod, BA	1
Kubarev, DA	1
Chichenkov, TO	1
Schnoll, SH	1
Sobey, PW	1
Parran, TV	1
Grey, SF	1
Adelman, CL	1
Yu, J	1
Huang, DB	1
Yu, ZF	1
Fu, L	1
Oreskovich, MR	1
Saxon, AJ	1
Ellis, ML	1
Malte, CA	1
Reoux, JP	1
Knox, PC	1
Kozian, A	1
Schilling, T	1
Tiede, T	1
Huth, C	1
Hachenberg, T	1
Durst, P	1
Palazzolo, J	1
Peyrelong, JP	1
Berger, M	1
Chalabreysse, M	1
Billiard, M	1
Vialle, A	1
Favrat, B	2
Zimmermann, G	1
Zullino, D	1
Krenz, S	1
Dorogy, F	1
Muller, J	1
Zwahlen, A	1
Broers, B	1
Collins, ED	1
Whittington, RA	1
Heitler, NE	1
O'Connor, PG	2
Miller, MM	1
Ponizovsky, AM	1
Grinshpoon, A	1
Margolis, A	1
Cohen, R	1
Rosca, P	1
Kovas, AE	1
McFarland, BH	1
McCarty, DJ	1
Boverman, JF	1
Thayer, JA	1
Rieckmann, T	1
Daley, M	1
Fuller, BE	1
Thomas, CP	1
Li, B	1
Gao, L	1
Li, S	1
Wang, D	1
Lampertico, M	1
Panerai, AE	1
Sali, L	1
Salerno, F	1
Müller, EE	1
Garcia-Sevilla, JA	6
Ugedo, L	4
Ulibarri, I	4
Elizagarate, E	1
Gutierrez, M	4
Rondepierre, C	1
Lucas, M	1
Suwalsky, A	1
Olié, JP	1
Ballesteros Rodríguez, J	1
Querejeta Ayerdi, I	1
Legarda Ibáñez, JJ	1
Urizar Barandiarán, F	1
Rivas Marra, A	1
Ledda, F	2
Blandina, P	2
Botti, P	2
Caramelli, L	2
Fantozzi, R	2
Masini, E	2
Moroni, F	2
Peruzzi, S	2
Zorn, AM	2
Mannaioni, PF	2
Camí, J	4
de Torres, S	1
Solé, A	1
Guerra, D	1
Rodríguez, H	1
Ugena, B	1
Dackis, CA	1
Pottash, AL	1
Gold, MS	2
Annitto, W	1
Jolliffe, DW	1
Melville, AW	1
Steenhoek, A	1
Onida, L	1
Bonazzi, M	1
Dell'Aquila, F	1
Della Pietra, A	1
Washton, AM	3
Resnick, RB	3
van Epen, JH	1
Koyuncuoglu, H	1
Yang, G	1
Busquets, X	1
Escriba, PV	1
Sastre, M	2
Marcato, A	2
Avanzini, P	2
Monica, C	1
Mutti, A	1
Fontanesi, B	3
Cheskin, LJ	1
Fudala, PJ	2
Johnson, RE	2
Janiri, L	2
Mannelli, P	2
Persico, AM	1
Serretti, A	1
Tempesta, E	2
Gabilondo, AM	1
Meana, JJ	1
Barturen, F	1
Lauzon, P	2
Fertonani-Affini, G	1
Maestri, D	1
Perna, G	1
Azatian, A	1
Papiasvilli, A	1
Joseph, H	1
Fetrow, CW	1
Hoyt, JW	1
White, TM	1
Conway, T	1
Balson, A	1
Dawe, S	1
Gray, JA	1
Bearn, J	2
Gossop, M	4
Bertschy, G	2
Bryois, C	1
Bondolfi, G	1
Velardi, A	1
Budry, P	1
Dascal, D	1
Martinet, C	1
Baettig, D	1
Baumann, P	1
Carroll, KM	1
Shi, JM	1
Schottenfeld, RS	1
Kosten, TR	1
Rounsaville, BJ	1
Brown, AS	1
Fleming, PM	1
Rubio, G	2
López-Muñoz, F	1
Alamo, C	2
Arias, A	1
Cucchia, AT	1
Monnat, M	1
Spagnoli, J	1
Ferrero, F	1
Smith, P	1
Gerada, C	1
Kemp, K	1
Bell, JR	1
Young, MR	1
Masterman, SC	1
Morris, A	1
Mattick, RP	1
Montoya, ID	1
Demuth, KL	1
Chiang, CT	1
Shaham, Y	2
Highfield, D	2
Delfs, J	1
Leung, S	1
Stewart, J	1
Rustichelli, P	1
Zambelli, U	2
Timpano, M	1
Bocchi, C	1
Sós, I	1
Kiss, N	1
Csorba, J	1
Gerevich, J	1
Buntwal, N	1
Baroni, MC	1
Laviola, G	1
Macchia, T	1
Rowan, AB	1
Mulligan, J	1
Radomska, M	1
Popik, P	1
Dennison, SJ	1
Yap, J	1
Grimm, JW	1
Shalev, U	1
Carreño, JE	1
Bobes, J	1
Brewer, C	1
Alvarez, CE	1
San Narciso, GI	1
Bascarán, MT	1
Sánchez del Río, J	1
Piredda, F	1
Cugurra, F	1
Canevari, A	1
Redmond, DE	1
Rappolt, RT	1
Lawrence, F	1
Maurset, A	1
Bratfors, O	1
Cottereau, MJ	1
Antebi, M	1
Benyacoub, A	1
Loo, H	2
Roux, JM	1
Deniker, P	1
Alguacil, LF	1
Pascual, J	1
Lopez-Trabada, JR	1
Gilabert, M	1
San, L	4
de la Torre, R	1
Senft, RA	1
Sopelana, P	1
Bautista, L	1
Diéguez, A	1
Muga, R	1
Tor, J	1
Peri, JM	3
Mata, R	2
Porta, M	2
Torrens, M	1
Olle, JM	1
Larner, AJ	1
Kasvikis, Y	1
Bradley, B	1
Griffiths, P	1
Marks, I	1
Cuthill, JD	1
Beroniade, V	1
Salvatori, VA	1
Viguié, F	1
Jasinski, DR	1
Kocher, TR	1
De Marinis, M	1
Cook, CC	1
Spencer, L	1
Gregory, M	1
Facchinetti, F	1
Volpe, A	1
Nappi, G	1
Petraglia, F	1
Genazzani, AR	1
Gil-Ad, I	1
Bar-Yoseph, J	1
Smadja, Y	1
Zohar, M	1
Laron, Z	1
Lowenstein, W	1
Haas, C	1
Hugues, FC	1
Durand, H	1
Gupta, AK	1
Jha, BK	1
Agren, H	1
Batey, R	1
Laqueille, X	1
Rager, P	1
Bénézech, M	1
Bourgeois, M	1
Magot-Magnien, E	1
Benos, J	1
Zimatore, G	1
Riccio, S	1
Saccà, N	1
Scalzo, F	1
Vero, R	1
Tagliaro, F	1
Dorizzi, R	1
Lafisca, S	1
Maschio, S	1
Marigo, M	1