Page last updated: 2024-10-25

clonidine and Bradycardia

clonidine has been researched along with Bradycardia in 96 studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Bradycardia: Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Paediatric clonidine poisoning commonly results in bradycardia, hypotension and decreased GCS, but rarely severe or requiring major interventions."8.31Reality of clonidine poisoning in children and adolescents. ( Downes, MA; Duong, C; Isbister, GK; Lovett, C, 2023)
"A 37-year-old man suffered irreversible profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring a pacemaker 3 days after beginning tizanidine/loxoprofen combination therapy for neck pain."7.88Irreversible profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring pacemaker after tizanidine/loxoprofen combination therapy: a case report. ( Jin, Y; Li, X, 2018)
"We report a case of profound symptomatic bradycardia after a single dose of tizanidine."7.81Profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring transvenous pacing after a single dose of tizanidine. ( Cortes, J; Hall, B; Redden, D, 2015)
"The incidence of bradycardia following oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in a pediatric population scheduled for anesthesia is low."7.81Incidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in children. ( Eksborg, S; Larsson, PG; Lönnqvist, PA, 2015)
"The addition of tizanidine in a patient receiving long-term treatment with lisinopril was associated with severe hypotension and bradycardia."7.76Hypotension and bradycardia associated with concomitant tizanidine and lisinopril therapy. ( Branam, DL; Publow, SW, 2010)
" During the 33 days before admission, she received oral tizanidine hydrochloride at 3 mg/day for leg cramps."7.73Symptomatic bradycardia probably due to tizanidine hydrochloride in a chronic hemodialysis patient. ( Abe, T; Akizawa, T; Kamimura, M; Kitabata, Y; Kobata, H; Narukawa, N; Orita, H; Shiizaki, K, 2005)
"The case of a 59-year-old healthy woman is described, who developed an extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with chest pain and acute right heart failure associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and elevation of the liver enzymes while simultaneously taking tizanidine (Sirdalud), diclofenac (Voltaren), and rofecoxib (Vioxx)."7.73[Extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with acute right heart failure under tizanidine (Sirdalud). Possible pharmacological interaction with rofecoxib (Vioxx)]. ( Bertoli, R; Caduff Janosa, P; Cerny, A; Kick, A; Moschovitis, G, 2005)
"To identify cases of clonidine poisoning presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital and to investigate trends in presentation, outcome and prevention."7.72Clonidine poisoning in children: a recent experience. ( Cranswick, NE; Sinha, Y, 2004)
"Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agent that is used in the treatment of hypertension."7.69Clonidine-induced bradycardia. ( Blount, BW; Golusinski, LL, 1995)
"We identified eight hypertensive patients who developed severe bradycardia during oral clonidine hydrochloride therapy."7.67Risk factors for severe bradycardia during oral clonidine therapy for hypertension. ( Byrd, BF; Collins, HW; Primm, RK, 1988)
" Clonidine can be compounded as a liquid formula for patients who are unable to take pills, however, this can add to the risk of dosing errors."5.56Clonidine Compounding Error: Bradycardia and Sedation in a Pediatric Patient. ( Barbuto, AF; Burns, MM, 2020)
"Naloxone was not associated with improved outcomes."5.46Adult clonidine overdose: prolonged bradycardia and central nervous system depression, but not severe toxicity. ( Heppell, SP; Isbister, GK; Page, CB; Ryan, NM, 2017)
"Once clonidine was discontinued, the resting heart rate returned to normal."5.29Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Rosenblum, D, 1993)
" Both the groups receiving dexmedetomidine had higher number of patients developing bradycardia as compared to patients receiving clonidine."5.22Comparision of clonidine and dexmedetomidine for attenuation of laryngoscopy and intubation response - A randomized controlled trial. ( Kakkar, A; Nabi, N; Sethi, AK; Tyagi, A; Verma, UC, 2016)
"There were more incidents of bradycardia in subjects treated with clonidine compared with those not treated with clonidine (17."5.13Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. ECG changes and adverse events analysis. ( Bukstein, OG; Daviss, WB; Harris, P; McDERMOTT, MP; Palumbo, D; Patel, NC; Pelham, WE; Robb, AS; Sallee, FR, 2008)
" Our review, based on moderate-quality evidence, revealed that hypotension occurred frequently during the preoperative and postoperative periods, for both clonidine and dexmedetomidine."5.01Perioperative adverse events attributed to α2-adrenoceptor agonists in patients not at risk of cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Antunes, T; Demiri, M; Fletcher, D; Martinez, V, 2019)
"The authors report a clinical case of clonidine poisoning in a 20-month-old child."4.79[Coma with miosis and bradycardia]. ( Matos, LD; Porfírio, H, 1994)
"Clonidine poisoning usually causes depressed sensorium, hypotension, and bradycardia."4.76Clonidine overdose: report of six cases and review of the literature. ( Anderson, RJ; Crumpler, CP; Hart, GR; Lerman, MJ, 1981)
"Paediatric clonidine poisoning commonly results in bradycardia, hypotension and decreased GCS, but rarely severe or requiring major interventions."4.31Reality of clonidine poisoning in children and adolescents. ( Downes, MA; Duong, C; Isbister, GK; Lovett, C, 2023)
"A 37-year-old man suffered irreversible profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring a pacemaker 3 days after beginning tizanidine/loxoprofen combination therapy for neck pain."3.88Irreversible profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring pacemaker after tizanidine/loxoprofen combination therapy: a case report. ( Jin, Y; Li, X, 2018)
"Although administration of clonidine is often associated with bradycardia and hypotension, these complications do not seem clinically significant in a mixed PICU population with a high degree of disease severity."3.88Hemodynamic Tolerance to IV Clonidine Infusion in the PICU. ( de Wildt, SN; Kleiber, N; Tibboel, D; van Rosmalen, J, 2018)
"We report a case of profound symptomatic bradycardia after a single dose of tizanidine."3.81Profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring transvenous pacing after a single dose of tizanidine. ( Cortes, J; Hall, B; Redden, D, 2015)
"The incidence of bradycardia following oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in a pediatric population scheduled for anesthesia is low."3.81Incidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in children. ( Eksborg, S; Larsson, PG; Lönnqvist, PA, 2015)
"The addition of tizanidine in a patient receiving long-term treatment with lisinopril was associated with severe hypotension and bradycardia."3.76Hypotension and bradycardia associated with concomitant tizanidine and lisinopril therapy. ( Branam, DL; Publow, SW, 2010)
"The case of a 59-year-old healthy woman is described, who developed an extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with chest pain and acute right heart failure associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and elevation of the liver enzymes while simultaneously taking tizanidine (Sirdalud), diclofenac (Voltaren), and rofecoxib (Vioxx)."3.73[Extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with acute right heart failure under tizanidine (Sirdalud). Possible pharmacological interaction with rofecoxib (Vioxx)]. ( Bertoli, R; Caduff Janosa, P; Cerny, A; Kick, A; Moschovitis, G, 2005)
" During the 33 days before admission, she received oral tizanidine hydrochloride at 3 mg/day for leg cramps."3.73Symptomatic bradycardia probably due to tizanidine hydrochloride in a chronic hemodialysis patient. ( Abe, T; Akizawa, T; Kamimura, M; Kitabata, Y; Kobata, H; Narukawa, N; Orita, H; Shiizaki, K, 2005)
"To identify cases of clonidine poisoning presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital and to investigate trends in presentation, outcome and prevention."3.72Clonidine poisoning in children: a recent experience. ( Cranswick, NE; Sinha, Y, 2004)
"Bradycardia was induced in rats by administering alinidine via osmotic pumps beginning 1 day after coronary artery ligation."3.72Bradycardia induces angiogenesis, increases coronary reserve, and preserves function of the postinfarcted heart. ( Christensen, LP; Lei, L; Tomanek, RJ; Weiss, RM; Zheng, W; Zhou, R, 2004)
" Intrathecal tizanidine at the dose that reversed hyperalgesia would be preferable for neuropathic pain management because of absence of hypotension and bradycardia and lower incidence of sedation."3.72Antihyperalgesic and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Kawamata, T; Namiki, A; Omote, K; Toriyabe, M; Wada, K; Yamamoto, H, 2003)
" Bradycardia was induced in rats by administering the bradycardic drug alinidine (3 mg/kg body weight) twice daily."3.70Bradycardia-induced coronary angiogenesis is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor. ( Bjercke, RJ; Brock, TA; Brown, MD; Tomanek, RJ; Zheng, W, 1999)
"Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agent that is used in the treatment of hypertension."3.69Clonidine-induced bradycardia. ( Blount, BW; Golusinski, LL, 1995)
" Reflex bradycardia was produced by a bolus injection of phenylephrine at a dose which produces about a 25-mmHg increase in mean blood pressure."3.68Influence of transient global cerebral ischemia on the facilitatory modulation of the vagal baroreflex in dogs. ( Kato, H; Kurihara, J; Tamaoki, S, 1993)
" The presence of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors at this site was confirmed by microinjections of phenylephrine (a specific agonist for these receptors); phenylephrine elicited tachycardia."3.68Cardiac effects of injections of epinephrine into the spinal intermediolateral column. ( Kachroo, A; Malhotra, VK; Sapru, HN, 1993)
"We identified eight hypertensive patients who developed severe bradycardia during oral clonidine hydrochloride therapy."3.67Risk factors for severe bradycardia during oral clonidine therapy for hypertension. ( Byrd, BF; Collins, HW; Primm, RK, 1988)
" Ventilatory support must be available if apnea occurs."3.66Clonidine poisoning. A complex problem. ( Artman, M; Boerth, RC, 1983)
"15 mg clonidine (Catapresan) in 11 patients (averaged age 60 years) with symptomatic bradycardia (dizzy spells, syncope, palpitations)."3.66[Clinidine-induced bradycardia: studies of the effect on the human sinus node (author's transl)]. ( Horn, H; Neuss, H; Schlepper, M; Thormann, J, 1981)
"Clonidine is a sedative-sparing agent and this can help reduce complications associated with prolonged use of opioids and benzodiazepines."1.72Use of continuous infusion of clonidine for sedation in critically ill infants and children. ( Bourdon, O; Dauger, S; Deho, A; Prot-Labarthe, S; Sadozai, L, 2022)
" Clonidine can be compounded as a liquid formula for patients who are unable to take pills, however, this can add to the risk of dosing errors."1.56Clonidine Compounding Error: Bradycardia and Sedation in a Pediatric Patient. ( Barbuto, AF; Burns, MM, 2020)
"Naloxone was not associated with improved outcomes."1.46Adult clonidine overdose: prolonged bradycardia and central nervous system depression, but not severe toxicity. ( Heppell, SP; Isbister, GK; Page, CB; Ryan, NM, 2017)
"He was found to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage and was treated for hypertensive emergency."1.40Dermal exposure to a compounded pain cream resulting in severely elevated clonidine concentration. ( Fantz, CR; Gooden, CE; Morgan, BW; Pomerleau, AC, 2014)
"Clonidine exposures were the most commonly reported, more symptomatic, and associated with 3 deaths."1.40Unintentional pediatric exposures to central alpha-2 agonists reported to the National Poison Data System. ( Heard, K; Le Lait, MC; Wang, GS, 2014)
"(3,4) We report adverse effects of topical apraclonidine when used in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in infants."1.34Adverse effects of apraclonidine used in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in infants. ( Lim, MK; Satterfield, D; Watts, P, 2007)
"We performed a prospective case series to seek dosage or clinical parameters to better identify patients who need direct medical evaluation."1.33Toxic clonidine ingestion in children. ( Anderson, DL; Colvin, JM; Johnson, PB; Klein-Schwartz, W; Spiller, HA; Villalobos, D, 2005)
"To analyze the trends, demographics, and toxic effects associated with pediatric clonidine hydrochloride exposures reported to poison centers."1.31Trends and toxic effects from pediatric clonidine exposures. ( Klein-Schwartz, W, 2002)
"Clonidine overdose is a potentially serious condition, often requiring intensive care management."1.30Clonidine overdose in childhood: implications of increased prescribing. ( Hanson, RM; Hutchins, P; Kappagoda, C; Schell, DN, 1998)
"Once clonidine was discontinued, the resting heart rate returned to normal."1.29Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury. ( Rosenblum, D, 1993)
"The tizanidine effect was inhibited by yohimbine and the alpha(2)/imidazoline antagonist idazoxan, as well as the parasympathetic blocker glycopyrrolate."1.29Intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in conscious dogs: comparison of analgesic and hemodynamic effects. ( Ivankovich, AD; Kroin, JS; Lubenow, TR; McCarthy, RJ; Penn, RD, 1996)
"Clonidine has some central component for induction of postural hypotension in addition to the frequency-related peripheral component."1.28Evaluation of the central and peripheral components for induction of postural hypotension by guanethidine, clonidine, dopamine2 receptor agonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor agonists. ( Cannon, JG; Long, JP; Park, KH, 1991)
" In toddlers poisoning is seen after ingestion of a single tablet of 150 micrograms clonidine, whilst in adults poisoning may occur already at a dosage just exceeding the therapeutic limit, which is subject to wide individual variation (1 to 3 tablets)."1.27[Poisoning with clonidin hydrochloride in children and adults]. ( Gössinger, H; Haubenstock, A; Hruby, K; Jung, M; Pfister, R, 1983)
"dose, a tachycardia was observed in all rats following initial transient bradycardia."1.27Tachycardic and hypertensive effects of centrally administered clonidine in conscious rats. ( Imai, Y; Johnston, CI; Nolan, PL, 1986)

Research

Studies (96)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199034 (35.42)18.7374
1990's25 (26.04)18.2507
2000's19 (19.79)29.6817
2010's14 (14.58)24.3611
2020's4 (4.17)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Knaus, A1
Zong, X1
Beetz, N1
Jahns, R1
Lohse, MJ1
Biel, M1
Hein, L1
Sadozai, L1
Prot-Labarthe, S1
Bourdon, O1
Dauger, S1
Deho, A1
Duong, C1
Lovett, C1
Downes, MA1
Isbister, GK2
Demiri, M1
Antunes, T1
Fletcher, D1
Martinez, V1
Nadeau, N1
Samuels-Kalow, M1
Wittels, K1
Wilcox, SR1
Barbuto, AF1
Burns, MM1
Adams, A1
Copley, C1
El-Boghdadly, K1
Brull, R1
Sehmbi, H1
Abdallah, FW1
Li, X1
Jin, Y1
Kleiber, N1
van Rosmalen, J1
Tibboel, D1
de Wildt, SN1
Wang, GS1
Le Lait, MC1
Heard, K1
Pomerleau, AC1
Gooden, CE1
Fantz, CR1
Morgan, BW1
Sullivan, RW1
Ryzewski, M1
Holland, MG1
Marraffa, JM1
Cortes, J1
Hall, B1
Redden, D1
Chen, K1
Lu, Z1
Xin, YC1
Cai, Y1
Chen, Y1
Pan, SM1
Larsson, PG1
Eksborg, S1
Lönnqvist, PA1
Kakkar, A1
Tyagi, A1
Nabi, N1
Sethi, AK1
Verma, UC1
Heppell, SP1
Page, CB1
Ryan, NM1
Publow, SW1
Branam, DL1
Kawamata, T1
Omote, K1
Yamamoto, H1
Toriyabe, M1
Wada, K1
Namiki, A1
Tank, J1
Diedrich, A1
Szczech, E1
Luft, FC1
Jordan, J1
Shen, KP1
Chiu, CC1
Chen, SJ1
Chen, IJ1
Wu, BN1
Lei, L1
Zhou, R1
Zheng, W2
Christensen, LP1
Weiss, RM1
Tomanek, RJ2
El-Mas, MM3
Abdel-Rahman, AA1
Sinha, Y1
Cranswick, NE1
Spiller, HA1
Klein-Schwartz, W2
Colvin, JM1
Villalobos, D1
Johnson, PB1
Anderson, DL1
Kitabata, Y1
Orita, H1
Kamimura, M1
Shiizaki, K1
Narukawa, N1
Abe, T1
Kobata, H1
Akizawa, T1
Kick, A1
Bertoli, R1
Moschovitis, G1
Caduff Janosa, P1
Cerny, A1
Chan, CK1
Burke, SL1
Zhu, H1
Piletz, JE1
Head, GA1
Galante, D1
Tobias, JD1
Tavakoli, S1
Hajrasouliha, AR1
Jabehdar-Maralani, P1
Ebrahimi, F1
Sadeghipour, H1
Dehghani, M1
Shafaroodi, H1
Dehpour, AR1
Watts, P1
Satterfield, D1
Lim, MK1
Hajduk, A1
Sein Anand, J1
Chodorowski, Z1
Daviss, WB1
Patel, NC1
Robb, AS1
McDERMOTT, MP1
Bukstein, OG1
Pelham, WE1
Palumbo, D1
Harris, P1
Sallee, FR1
de Jonge, A1
Timmermans, PB1
van Zwieten, PA1
Selmi, W1
Matricardi, L1
Roquebert, J1
Demichel, P1
Malek, A1
Banner, W1
Lund, ME1
Clawson, L1
Marruecos, L1
Roglan, A1
Frati, ME1
Artigas, A1
Anagnos, DJ1
Mazyck, EM1
Artman, M1
Boerth, RC1
Gössinger, H1
Hruby, K1
Haubenstock, A1
Jung, M1
Pfister, R1
Anderson, RJ1
Hart, GR1
Crumpler, CP1
Lerman, MJ1
Thormann, J2
Neuss, H2
Schlepper, M2
Mitrovic, V1
Tritthart, HA1
Windisch, H1
Heuberger, S1
Williford, DJ1
Hamilton, BL1
Souza, JD1
Williams, TP1
DiMicco, JA1
Gillis, RA1
Horn, H1
Golusinski, LL1
Blount, BW1
Johnson, MA1
Blackwell, CP1
Smith, J1
Ricci, D1
Taira, CA1
Porfírio, H1
Matos, LD1
Rosenblum, D1
Kurihara, J1
Tamaoki, S1
Kato, H1
Malhotra, VK1
Kachroo, A1
Sapru, HN1
Flacke, JW1
Flacke, WE1
Kroin, JS1
McCarthy, RJ1
Penn, RD1
Lubenow, TR1
Ivankovich, AD1
Singelyn, FJ1
Gouverneur, JM1
Robert, A1
Challinor-Rogers, JL1
Rosenfeldt, FL1
Du, XJ1
McPherson, GA1
Bhatara, VS1
Kallepalli, BR1
Misra, LK1
Awadallah, S1
Kraft, ME1
Kappagoda, C1
Schell, DN1
Hanson, RM1
Hutchins, P1
Brown, MD1
Brock, TA1
Bjercke, RJ1
Breschan, C1
Krumpholz, R1
Likar, R1
Kraschl, R1
Schalk, HV1
Blumberg, MS1
Sokoloff, G1
Kent, KJ1
Robertson, D1
MacFaul, R1
Miller, G1
van Zwieten, AP1
Mofenson, HC1
Greensher, J1
Weiss, TE1
Neuvonen, PJ1
Vilska, J1
Keränen, A1
Scheinman, MM1
Strauss, HC1
Evans, GT1
Ryan, C1
Massie, B1
Wallace, A1
van Etta, L1
Burchell, H1
Pai, GS1
Lipsitz, DJ1
Poyner, TF1
Gennery, BA1
Vasey, RH1
Zillessen, E1
Ho, AD1
Gless, KH1
Gulati, A1
Perks, D1
Fisher, GC1
Park, KH1
Long, JP1
Cannon, JG1
Wiley, JF1
Wiley, CC1
Torrey, SB1
Henretig, FM1
Luzhnikov, EA1
Savina, AS1
Sukhodolova, GA1
Iankin, VV1
Vedrova, NN1
Nefedova, IV1
Rhee, HM1
De Lapp, JD1
Vaughan Williams, EM1
Dennis, PD1
Garnham, C1
Byrd, BF1
Collins, HW1
Primm, RK1
Imai, Y1
Nolan, PL1
Johnston, CI1
Jaski, BE1
Serruys, PW1
Duchêne-Marullaz, P2
Delort, P1
Cosnier, D1
Combre, A1
Lapalus, P2
Kobinger, W3
Walland, A3
Bolme, P1
Fuxe, K1
Lidbrink, P1
Lavarenne, J1
Boucher, M1
Chassaing, C1
Teodoresco, P1
Câmpeanu, A1

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Antipruritic Effect of Topical Ketamine, Amitriptyline, and Lidocaine[NCT03096444]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-23Terminated (stopped due to Efficacy was not seen after interim analysis)
The Use of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Dementias[NCT04250376]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-11-27Enrolling by invitation
Lymphatic System Health in Alzheimer's Disease[NCT04205539]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-12-10Withdrawn (stopped due to Pending COVID-19 pandemic)
Hemodynamic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study to Assess Its Effectiveness in Hypertensive Subjects With Poor Blood Pressure Control (Phase II)[NCT01297335]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Peak Itch Intensity Between the Vehicle and Active Treatments (Individual and KeAmLi-combo).

"Peak itch intensity between the vehicle and 4 other active treatments (individual ketamine, amitriptyline, or lidocaine, and KeAmLi-combo). Itch intensity was measured on a 100mm scale visual analog scale for 10 minutes. 0 was weighted with no itch and 100 was weighted with most itch imaginable." (NCT03096444)
Timeframe: 10 minutes

InterventionIntensity score (Mean)
Topical KeAmLi Combo62.7
Topical Ketamine63.1
Topical Amitriptyline69.2
Topical Lidocaine65.8
Topical Vehicle61.9

Mechanical Thresholds (Mechanical Detection and Pain).

Assess mechanical detection and pain thresholds using von Frey filaments stimulators (measured in force mN) to calculate the final threshold as the geometric mean of five series of ascending and descending stimuli. (NCT03096444)
Timeframe: 5 minutes

,,,,
InterventionmN (Mean)
Mechanical Detection ThresholdMechanical Pain Threshold
Topical Amitriptyline3.573423965152.4768146
Topical KeAmLi Combo3.519376956152.3293608
Topical Ketamine3.464204768135.9
Topical Lidocaine3.546037659126.9
Topical Vehicle3.525692637148.7138273

Thermal Threshold Detection (Warmth and Heat Pain)

Two standardized quantitative sensory tests are performed to measure warmth detection threshold (assesses the threshold of which warmth sensation is first detected) and heat pain threshold (assesses the threshold at which heat pain sensation is first detected). Measured in change in celsius. (NCT03096444)
Timeframe: 3 minutes

,,,,
InterventionDegrees celsius (Mean)
Warm Detection ThresholdHeat Pain Threshold
Topical Amitriptyline33.940.0
Topical KeAmLi Combo33.639.8
Topical Ketamine34.040.0
Topical Lidocaine33.739.4
Topical Vehicle33.839.7

Change in Blood Pressure After Intrathecal Injection of Clonidine.

"Subjects baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), and blood pressures after clonidine injection was compared against baseline to assess efficacy of clonidine in refractory hypertensive subjects. Subject's blood pressure was monitored continuously after intrathecal injection of clonidine until subjects blood pressure nadir and return to pre clonidine injection level. The mean value reported below are the average changes in blood pressure from baseline (pre clonidine injection) in both SBP and DBP during post clonidine injection blood pressure monitoring for 4 hours.~Blood pressure measurements were collected every 10 minutes for first hour after injection, and every 15 minutes after the first hour, up to 4 hours were averaged to report the change from baseline." (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Baseline, Every 10 Minutes for first hour after clonidine injection, and every 15 minutes after first hour, until 4 hours after clonidine injection

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Change in mean SBP after clonidine injectionChange in DBP after clonidine injection
Intrathecal Clonidine7937

Changes in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Ratings of Sedation and Sensation of Dry Mouth Reported by the Subjects, Pre and 1 Hour Post Injection

Subjects were asked to rate severity of two of the most common side effects of clonidine, sedation and sensation of dry mouth, at pre and post (1 hour after) intrathecal administration of clonidine. The mean changes between pre and post injection VAS ratings of sedation and sensation of dry mouth are reported below. The VAS scale ranges from 1 to 10 cm, with higher values indicating higher level of sedation and higher level of dry mouth. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Before clonidine injection (Baseline), and at 1 hour after clonidine injection.

Interventioncm (Mean)
Change in level of sedationChange in sensation of dry mouth
Intrathecal Clonidine3.363.47

Likert Scale Pain Rating

Likert scale is 11 point digital pain rating system that asks subjects to rate their pain from 0 to 10. Rating of 0 means no pain at all, and in increasing order, 10 would mean worst pain imaginable/ unbearable pain. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 1 hour post injection.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-injection average Likert scorePost-injection average Likert score
Intrathecal Clonidine6.53.6

Reviews

8 reviews available for clonidine and Bradycardia

ArticleYear
Perioperative adverse events attributed to α2-adrenoceptor agonists in patients not at risk of cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2019, Volume: 123, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypotension;

2019
Perineural Dexmedetomidine Is More Effective Than Clonidine When Added to Local Anesthetic for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2017, Volume: 124, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Brachial Plexus Block; Bradycardia; Chi-Sq

2017
Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jan-06, Volume: 1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Critical Il

2015
Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jan-06, Volume: 1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Critical Il

2015
Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jan-06, Volume: 1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Critical Il

2015
Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jan-06, Volume: 1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Critical Il

2015
[Side effects of hypotensive agents].
    Minerva medica, 1982, Oct-06, Volume: 73, Issue:38

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Deh

1982
Clonidine overdose: report of six cases and review of the literature.
    Annals of emergency medicine, 1981, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Hyp

1981
[Coma with miosis and bradycardia].
    Acta medica portuguesa, 1994, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Bradycardia; Clonidine; Coma; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Infant; Miosis;

1994
Diagnosis and management of baroreflex failure.
    Primary cardiology, 1995, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Baroreflex; Bradycardia; Carotid Sinus;

1995
On the function of central catecholamine neurons--their role in cardiovascular and arousal mechanisms.
    Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1972, Volume: 4, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Bradycardia; Brain; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; C

1972

Trials

5 trials available for clonidine and Bradycardia

ArticleYear
Comparision of clonidine and dexmedetomidine for attenuation of laryngoscopy and intubation response - A randomized controlled trial.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 33

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Bradyc

2016
Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. ECG changes and adverse events analysis.
    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bradycardia; Central Nervo

2008
Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man.
    Chest, 1981, Volume: 80, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Bradycardia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Complications; El

1981
Antagonism of the effects of clonidine by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, fluparoxan.
    British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Blood Pressure; Br

1995
A minimum dose of clonidine added to mepivacaine prolongs the duration of anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus block.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthetics

1996

Other Studies

83 other studies available for clonidine and Bradycardia

ArticleYear
Direct inhibition of cardiac hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated pacemaker channels by clonidine.
    Circulation, 2007, Feb-20, Volume: 115, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular Agents; Cell Line; Clonidine; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Ch

2007
Use of continuous infusion of clonidine for sedation in critically ill infants and children.
    Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2022, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Hypnotics

2022
Reality of clonidine poisoning in children and adolescents.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2023, Volume: 59, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Atropine; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hypotension;

2023
A Common Antidote for an Uncommon Indication.
    The Journal of emergency medicine, 2019, Volume: 57, Issue:5

    Topics: Antidotes; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Consciousness Disorders; Eating; Emergency Serv

2019
Clonidine Compounding Error: Bradycardia and Sedation in a Pediatric Patient.
    The Journal of emergency medicine, 2020, Volume: 59, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Bradycardia; Child; Clonidine; Drug Compounding; Humans; Male;

2020
High dose naloxone for acute tizanidine overdose in the emergency department: a case report.
    Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2021, Volume: 59, Issue:8

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Drug Overdose; Emergency Servic

2021
Irreversible profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring pacemaker after tizanidine/loxoprofen combination therapy: a case report.
    The Journal of international medical research, 2018, Volume: 46, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Atrioventricular Block; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Clonidine; Drug

2018
Hemodynamic Tolerance to IV Clonidine Infusion in the PICU.
    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonid

2018
Unintentional pediatric exposures to central alpha-2 agonists reported to the National Poison Data System.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 2014, Volume: 164, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Guanf

2014
Dermal exposure to a compounded pain cream resulting in severely elevated clonidine concentration.
    Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Bradycardia; Clo

2014
Compounded ointment results in severe toxicity in a pediatric patient.
    Pediatric emergency care, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:11

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Amines; Analgesics; Body Surface Area; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Combined M

2013
Profound symptomatic bradycardia requiring transvenous pacing after a single dose of tizanidine.
    The Journal of emergency medicine, 2015, Volume: 48, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Aged, 80 and over; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cl

2015
Incidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with clonidine in children.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Analgesics; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Elect

2015
Adult clonidine overdose: prolonged bradycardia and central nervous system depression, but not severe toxicity.
    Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2017, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antidotes; Antihypertensive Agents; Atropine; Bradycardia; Central Nervous

2017
Hypotension and bradycardia associated with concomitant tizanidine and lisinopril therapy.
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2010, Oct-01, Volume: 67, Issue:19

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; B

2010
Antihyperalgesic and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cloni

2003
Alpha-2 adrenergic transmission and human baroreflex regulation.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2004, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-

2004
Hypotensive effects of eugenosedin-A with serotonin, alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonistic activities in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.
    Pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Binding, Compet

2004
Bradycardia induces angiogenesis, increases coronary reserve, and preserves function of the postinfarcted heart.
    Circulation, 2004, Aug-17, Volume: 110, Issue:7

    Topics: Angiopoietin-1; Angiopoietin-2; Animals; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular Agents; Clonidine; Coronary Ves

2004
Chronic ethanol-clonidine hemodynamic interaction in telemetered spontaneously hypertensive rats.
    Vascular pharmacology, 2004, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Administrat

2004
Clonidine poisoning in children: a recent experience.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics; Australia; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Coma; Dose-Respo

2004
Toxic clonidine ingestion in children.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 2005, Volume: 146, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Coma; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

2005
Symptomatic bradycardia probably due to tizanidine hydrochloride in a chronic hemodialysis patient.
    Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, 2005, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Muscle Cramp; Muscle Relaxant

2005
[Extreme sinus bradycardia (30/min) with acute right heart failure under tizanidine (Sirdalud). Possible pharmacological interaction with rofecoxib (Vioxx)].
    Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983), 2005, Apr-15, Volume: 100, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Cyclooxy

2005
Imidazoline receptors associated with noradrenergic terminals in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate the hypotensive responses of moxonidine but not clonidine.
    Neuroscience, 2005, Volume: 132, Issue:4

    Topics: 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blotting, Western; Bra

2005
Preoperative apnea in a preterm infant after caudal block with ropivacaine and clonidine.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:8

    Topics: Amides; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Local; Apnea; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Hernia, I

2005
Dexmedetomidine in the treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 15, Issue:8

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Bradycardia; Child; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sed

2005
Modulated hemodynamic response to clonidine in bile duct-ligated rats: the role of nitric oxide.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2006, Aug-07, Volume: 542, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Bile Ducts; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cholestasis; Clonidine; D

2006
Adverse effects of apraclonidine used in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in infants.
    Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2007, Volume: 11, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Emergency Treatment; Female; Horner Syndrome; Hum

2007
[Acute intoxication with clonidine--a case report].
    Przeglad lekarski, 2007, Volume: 64, Issue:4-5

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antidotes; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Hypertensio

2007
Quantitative aspects of alpha adrenergic effects induced by clonidine-like imidazolidines. II. Central and peripheral bradycardic activities.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1982, Volume: 222, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Bradycardia; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dose-Response Re

1982
Effects of thymoxamine and its metabolites on clonidine-induced hypotension and bradycardia in rats.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1982, Volume: 258, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Male; Moxisyly

1982
Failure of naloxone to reverse clonidine toxic effect.
    American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1983, Volume: 137, Issue:12

    Topics: Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Male; Monitoring, Phy

1983
Clonidine overdose.
    Critical care medicine, 1983, Volume: 11, Issue:12

    Topics: Bradycardia; Brain; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Hypothermia; Middle Aged

1983
Clonidine overdose from minimal ingestion.
    Alabama medicine : journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama, 1984, Volume: 53, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Syncope

1984
Clonidine poisoning. A complex problem.
    American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1983, Volume: 137, Issue:2

    Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dopamine; Female; Fluid Therapy; Gastric Lavage; Hu

1983
[Poisoning with clonidin hydrochloride in children and adults].
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1983, Apr-01, Volume: 95, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bradycardia; Bundle-Branch Block; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Gas

1983
The effects of the bradycardia-producing compound alinidine on action potentials and tension development in cardiac fibres.
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1981, Volume: 316, Issue:2

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Barium; Bradycardia; Calcium; Cardiovascular Agents; Chick Embryo; Cloni

1981
Central nervous system mechanisms involving GABA influence arterial pressure and heart rate in the cat.
    Circulation research, 1980, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cats; Central Nervous System; Clonid

1980
[Clinidine-induced bradycardia: studies of the effect on the human sinus node (author's transl)].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1981, Jan-30, Volume: 106, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Carotid Sinus; Clonidine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male;

1981
Clonidine-induced bradycardia.
    The Journal of family practice, 1995, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged

1995
Imidazoline and adrenoceptor involvement in cardiovascular responses to clonidine in sham and sinoaortic denervated rats.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1995, Jul-12, Volume: 763

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Denervation; Imidazol

1995
Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury.
    Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1993, Volume: 74, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Muscle Spasticity; Spinal Cord Injuries

1993
Influence of transient global cerebral ischemia on the facilitatory modulation of the vagal baroreflex in dogs.
    Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 63, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; Ischemic Attack, Tr

1993
Cardiac effects of injections of epinephrine into the spinal intermediolateral column.
    The American journal of physiology, 1993, Volume: 265, Issue:2 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Heart; Heart Rate; I

1993
Clonidine prevention of myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery: will this change outcome?
    Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 1993, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Bradycardia; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Clonidine; Coronary Artery Bypass; Heart; H

1993
Intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in conscious dogs: comparison of analgesic and hemodynamic effects.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 82, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradyc

1996
Antiischemic and antiarrhythmic activities of some novel alinidine analogs in the rat heart.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Card

1997
A possible clonidine-trazodone-dextroamphetamine interaction in a 12-year-old boy.
    Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 1996,Fall, Volume: 6, Issue:3

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Bradycardia; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Child; Clonidine; Conscious

1996
Facilitation of reflex bradycardia does not contribute to the enhanced hypotensive effect of clonidine in aortic barodenervated rats.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 31, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Denerva

1998
A 9-month-old with bradycardia and periodic apnea.
    Journal of emergency nursing, 1998, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Apnea; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Drug Overdose; Emergency Nursing; Female; Hu

1998
Clonidine overdose in childhood: implications of increased prescribing.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bradycardia; Child; Child,

1998
Ethanol abolishes clonidine-induced impairment of baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious rats.
    General pharmacology, 1999, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Denervation; D

1999
Bradycardia-induced coronary angiogenesis is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor.
    Circulation research, 1999, Jul-23, Volume: 85, Issue:2

    Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antibodies; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; B

1999
Can a dose of 2microg.kg(-1) caudal clonidine cause respiratory depression in neonates?
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Amides; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Local; A

1999
A developmental analysis of clonidine's effects on cardiac rate and ultrasound production in infant rats.
    Developmental psychobiology, 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Female; Heart Rate; Mal

2000
Trends and toxic effects from pediatric clonidine exposures.
    Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002, Volume: 156, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Age Distribution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivi

2002
Clonidine poisoning in children.
    Lancet (London, England), 1977, Jun-11, Volume: 1, Issue:8024

    Topics: Age Factors; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male

1977
Antihypertensive action of clonidine (Catapresan).
    Contributions to nephrology, 1977, Volume: 8

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Brain Stem; Cats; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Drug Evalua

1977
Clonidine poisoning: is there a single antidote?
    Clinical toxicology, 1979, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Antidotes; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dopamine; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Hypotension;

1979
Severe poisoning in a child caused by a small dose of clonidine.
    Clinical toxicology, 1979, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Bradycardia; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Unconsciousness

1979
Adverse effects of sympatholytic agents in patients with hypertension and sinus node dysfunction.
    The American journal of medicine, 1978, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Electrocardiography; Female; Guanethidine; Heart Ra

1978
Severe bradycardia with clonidine.
    JAMA, 1978, Nov-03, Volume: 240, Issue:19

    Topics: Bradycardia; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged

1978
Clonidine poisoning.
    Pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 58, Issue:5

    Topics: Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Coma; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoth

1976
Management in cases of clonidine overdosage.
    The Practitioner, 1976, Volume: 217, Issue:1297

    Topics: Adolescent; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Diuresis; Female; Humans; Hypotension;

1976
[Letter: Bradycardia induced by clonidine].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1976, Mar-26, Volume: 101, Issue:13

    Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans

1976
Evidence for antagonistic activity of endothelin for clonidine induced hypotension and bradycardia.
    Life sciences, 1992, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Endothelins; Heart Rate; Hypo

1992
Esmolol and clonidine--a possible interaction.
    Anaesthesia, 1992, Volume: 47, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Propanolamines

1992
Evaluation of the central and peripheral components for induction of postural hypotension by guanethidine, clonidine, dopamine2 receptor agonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor agonists.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1991, Volume: 259, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cats; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Female; Guanethidine;

1991
Clonidine poisoning in young children.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1990, Volume: 116, Issue:4

    Topics: Atropine; Bradycardia; Charcoal; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Gastric Lavage; Heart R

1990
[Acute klofelin poisoning].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1990, Volume: 68, Issue:12

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antidotes; Atropine; Benzilates; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Ch

1990
[Clinical aspects and diagnosis of klofelin poisoning].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1990, Volume: 68, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Electrocardiography; Female; H

1990
Are opioid receptors involved in the bradycardiac and hypotensive action of clonidine?
    American journal of hypertension, 1988, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Pt 3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Hyper

1988
Circadian rhythm of heart rate in the rabbit: prolongation of action potential duration by sustained beta adrenoceptor blockade is not due to associated bradycardia.
    Cardiovascular research, 1986, Volume: 20, Issue:7

    Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Bradycardia; Circadian Rhythm; Clonidine; H

1986
Risk factors for severe bradycardia during oral clonidine therapy for hypertension.
    Archives of internal medicine, 1988, Volume: 148, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertensio

1988
Tachycardic and hypertensive effects of centrally administered clonidine in conscious rats.
    Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Hypotension; In

1986
Anion-channel blockade with alinidine: a specific bradycardic drug for coronary heart disease without negative inotropic activity?
    The American journal of cardiology, 1985, Aug-01, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiotonic Agents; Clonidine; Coronary Diseas

1985
[Lifting with clonidine of atropinic inhibition of heart-moderation tonus].
    Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales, 1971, Volume: 165, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Atropine; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dogs; Drug Antagonism; Electroca

1971
Involvement of adrenergic receptors in central vagus activity.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1971, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Clonidine; Dogs; Heart Rate; Phentolamine; Rec

1971
Evidence for a central activation of a vagal cardiodepressor reflex by clonidine.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1972, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin II; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Central Nervous

1972
Facilitation of vagal reflex bradycardia by an action of clonidine on central -receptors.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1972, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cerebellum; Chlorp

1972
[Does vagal hypertonia induced by clonidine modify the atrial refractory period in chloralose-treated dogs?].
    Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biologie et de ses filiales, 1972, Volume: 166, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Bradycardia; Chloralose; Clonidine; Dogs; Electr

1972
[Effects of clonidine treatment in advanced forms of essential arterial hypertension].
    Revue roumaine de medecine interne (1964), 1973, Volume: 10, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aortic Arch Syndromes; Bradycardia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlort

1973