Page last updated: 2024-10-25

clonidine and Allodynia

clonidine has been researched along with Allodynia in 68 studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain."9.22Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016)
"Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain."9.09Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000)
"To the extent that the experimental pain conditions used in this study reflect those in patients with acute and chronic pain, these data support the spinal rather than IV injection of clonidine for analgesia."9.08Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998)
"Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model."8.12Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022)
"We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain."7.74The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007)
" The concurrent administration of SB203580 reduces the dosage requirements for clonidine, thereby alleviating allodynia without producing undesirable motor or cardiovascular effects."5.43Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist relieves mechanical allodynia in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic mice; potentiation by spinal p38 MAPK inhibition without motor dysfunction and hypotension. ( Beitz, AJ; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Oh, SB; Roh, DH; Yeo, JH; Yoon, SY, 2016)
"Chronic pain is a major health issue and most patients suffer from spontaneous pain."5.42Huperzine A Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia but Not Spontaneous Pain via Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Mice. ( Feng, ZH; Li, XY; Liu, L; Mei, SH; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, YJ; Zuo, ZX, 2015)
" In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia."5.35Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009)
"CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation."5.31Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002)
"Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors."5.28Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991)
"This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain."5.22Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016)
"Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain."5.09Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000)
"To the extent that the experimental pain conditions used in this study reflect those in patients with acute and chronic pain, these data support the spinal rather than IV injection of clonidine for analgesia."5.08Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998)
"Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model."4.12Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022)
" An antiallodynic topical combination of apraclonidine + lisofylline was also found to effectively relieve depressed postocclusive reactive hyperemia in CPIP rats (N = 61) and to increase formazan production in postischemic tissues (skin and muscle) (N = 56)."3.80Topical combinations to treat microvascular dysfunction of chronic postischemia pain. ( Abaji, R; Coderre, TJ; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Tsai, CY, 2014)
"Analgesic activity of brimonidine, clonidine, and tizanidine was investigated in wild-type C57B/6, alpha-2A, and alpha-2C knockout mice with allodynia induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate or sulprostone."3.75Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor agonist activity of clinical alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists interferes with alpha-2-mediated analgesia. ( Cheevers, CV; Donello, JE; Gil, DW; Kedzie, KM; Manlapaz, CA; Rao, S; Tang, E, 2009)
"A comparison of total body doses that cause allodynia following spinal or systemic administration indicated that NMDA induces allodynia in the spinal cord while sulprostone and phenylephrine act through a peripheral mechanism."3.74Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity. ( Cheevers, CV; Donello, JE; Gil, DW, 2008)
"We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain."3.74The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007)
" Intrathecal tizanidine at the dose that reversed hyperalgesia would be preferable for neuropathic pain management because of absence of hypotension and bradycardia and lower incidence of sedation."3.72Antihyperalgesic and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Kawamata, T; Namiki, A; Omote, K; Toriyabe, M; Wada, K; Yamamoto, H, 2003)
"Chronic pain may be accompanied by hyperalgesia and allodynia, and analgesic interventions may reduce these hypersensitivity phenomena."2.80Intrathecal clonidine and adenosine: effects on pain and sensory processing in patients with chronic regional pain syndrome. ( Eisenach, JC; North, J; Rauck, RL, 2015)
"In contrast, postinfusion pain and hyperalgesia were significantly higher than control."2.71Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans. ( Alsheimer, M; Koppert, W; Scheuber, K; Schmelz, M; Schüttler, J; Sittl, R, 2003)
"Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured by von Frey filaments."2.71The short-lasting analgesia and long-term antihyperalgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in patients undergoing colonic surgery. ( De Kock, M; Lavand'homme, P; Waterloos, H, 2005)
"The prevalences of complex regional pain syndrome, phantom limb pain, chronic donor-site pain, and persistent pain following total joint arthroplasty are alarmingly high."2.44Preventing the development of chronic pain after orthopaedic surgery with preventive multimodal analgesic techniques. ( Buvanendran, A; Reuben, SS, 2007)
"Tizanidine was more effective in female than male neuropathic rats."1.72Sex-dependent antiallodynic effect of α ( Caram-Salas, NL; Castelo-Flores, DG; Centurión, D; De la Luz-Cuellar, YE; Granados-Soto, V; Rodríguez-Palma, EJ; Salinas-Abarca, AB, 2022)
" The concurrent administration of SB203580 reduces the dosage requirements for clonidine, thereby alleviating allodynia without producing undesirable motor or cardiovascular effects."1.43Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist relieves mechanical allodynia in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic mice; potentiation by spinal p38 MAPK inhibition without motor dysfunction and hypotension. ( Beitz, AJ; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Oh, SB; Roh, DH; Yeo, JH; Yoon, SY, 2016)
"Chronic pain is a major health issue and most patients suffer from spontaneous pain."1.42Huperzine A Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia but Not Spontaneous Pain via Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Mice. ( Feng, ZH; Li, XY; Liu, L; Mei, SH; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Wang, YJ; Zuo, ZX, 2015)
"Using a rat model of neuropathic pain, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with clonidine-which has been shown to relieve intradermal capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia-on the initial hyperalgesic response and the thermal analgesic property of RTX."1.42The effect of clonidine pretreatment on epidural resiniferatoxin in a neuropathic pain rat model. ( Choi, SS; Choi, YS; Huh, BK; Hur, WS; Kim, HS; Kim, HZ; Lee, DK; Lee, MG; Lee, MK; Lim, BG, 2015)
"Ankle joint mobilization decreased mechanical hyperalgesia, and this effect was reversed by pretreatment of the animals with caffeine given by intraperitoneal, intraplantar, and intrathecal routes."1.39Ankle joint mobilization affects postoperative pain through peripheral and central adenosine A1 receptors. ( Cidral-Filho, FJ; Martins, DF; Mazzardo-Martins, L; Santos, AR; Stramosk, J, 2013)
"Neuropathic pain is often "spontaneous" or "stimulus-independent."1.37Lesion of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex eliminates the aversiveness of spontaneous neuropathic pain following partial or complete axotomy. ( Fields, HL; King, T; Lai, J; Okun, A; Porreca, F; Qu, C, 2011)
"PSNL induced bilateral behavioral hyperalgesia, with the ipsilateral level displaying a higher extent of behavior changes than the contralateral side."1.37Effects of clonidine on bilateral pain behaviors and inflammatory response in rats under the state of neuropathic pain. ( Dong, R; Feng, X; Li, W; Liu, J; Wang, H; Xu, J; Yu, B; Zhang, F, 2011)
"Thermal hyperalgesia provoked by phenylephrine was inhibited by terazosin administered after the burn injury, but not by terazosin administered before the burn injury."1.35alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors augment thermal hyperalgesia in mildly burnt skin. ( Drummond, PD, 2009)
" In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia."1.35Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009)
"In contrast, during hyperalgesia, alpha(2)-adrenergic activation enhances TNFalpha mRNA accumulation."1.34Antinociception mediated by alpha(2)-adrenergic activation involves increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) expression and restoring TNFalpha and alpha(2)-adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release. ( Ignatowski, TA; Knight, PR; Spengler, RN; Sud, R, 2007)
"Clonidine was used as a reference alpha 2 -adrenoceptor agonist."1.32Comparison of the visceral antinociceptive effects of spinally administered MPV-2426 (fadolmidine) and clonidine in the rat. ( Kalmari, J; Pertovaara, A, 2003)
" In combination with either low or high frequency TENS, the dose-response curve shifted to the left and was significantly different from clonidine alone."1.31Enhanced reduction in hyperalgesia by combined administration of clonidine and TENS. ( Chandran, P; Sluka, KA, 2002)
" Furthermore, the combinations of moxonidine-morphine and clonidine-morphine resulted in substantial leftward shifts in the dose-response curves compared with those of each agonist administered separately."1.31Moxonidine, a selective imidazoline-alpha2 -adrenergic receptor agonist, produces spinal synergistic antihyperalgesia with morphine in nerve-injured mice. ( Fairbanks, CA; Grocholski, BM; Nguyen, HO; Wilcox, GL, 2000)
"Tizanidine was effective in reducing sensitivity to heat, as measured by paw withdrawal latency, and did not cause sedation at smaller doses."1.31Systemic tizanidine hydrochloride (Zanaflex) relieves thermal hyperalgesia in rats with an experimental mononeuropathy. ( Azevedo, MI; Chalfoun, AG; Denson, DD; Hord, AH, 2001)
" We used the tail-flick test to construct dose-response curves before and 4 days after chronic morphine (75-mg pellets, subcutaneously (s."1.31Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC gamma mutant mice. ( Basbaum, AI; Gilbert, H; Malmberg, AB; Zeitz, KP, 2001)
"CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation."1.31Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002)
"Morphine pre-treatment was less effective in preventing development of hyperalgesia; however, whilst the ipsilateral (146 +/- 18 g) paw withdrawal threshold tended to be lower than the contralateral (183 +/- 8 g), this was not significant."1.29Pre-emptive administration of clonidine prevents development of hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli in a model of mononeuropathy in the rat. ( Birch, PJ; Elliott, PJ; Harrison, SM; Smith, GD; Wiseman, J, 1993)
"Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors."1.28Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991)
" Dose-response curves for intrathecally administered agonists with mu- and/or delta-opioid activity were shifted to the left for inflamed hindpaws when compared to contralateral non-inflamed paws."1.28Spinal opioid analgesic effects are enhanced in a model of unilateral inflammation/hyperalgesia: possible involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms. ( Dubner, R; Hylden, JL; Iadarola, MJ; Nahin, RL; Thomas, DA, 1991)

Research

Studies (68)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's6 (8.82)18.2507
2000's34 (50.00)29.6817
2010's25 (36.76)24.3611
2020's3 (4.41)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Rodríguez-Palma, EJ1
Castelo-Flores, DG1
Caram-Salas, NL1
Salinas-Abarca, AB1
Centurión, D1
De la Luz-Cuellar, YE1
Granados-Soto, V1
Huang, H1
Bai, X2
Zhang, K1
Guo, J1
Wu, S1
Ouyang, H2
Yoon, SY3
Roh, DH3
Yeo, JH2
Woo, J1
Han, SH1
Kim, KS1
Naja, Z1
Naja, AS1
Ankouni, T1
Mugharbil, A1
Drummond, PD2
Morellini, N1
Finch, PM1
Birklein, F1
Knudsen, LF1
Zhu, JX1
Xu, FY1
Xu, WJ1
Zhao, Y1
Qu, CL1
Tang, JS1
Barry, DM1
Du, JQ1
Huo, FQ1
Ohnesorge, H1
Feng, Z1
Zitta, K1
Steinfath, M1
Albrecht, M1
Bein, B1
Park, PE1
Schlosburg, JE1
Vendruscolo, LF1
Schulteis, G1
Edwards, S1
Koob, GF1
Laferrière, A2
Abaji, R1
Tsai, CY1
Ragavendran, JV2
Coderre, TJ2
Rauck, RL1
North, J1
Eisenach, JC8
Lee, MG1
Lee, DK1
Huh, BK1
Choi, SS1
Kim, HZ1
Lim, BG1
Kim, HS1
Choi, YS1
Hur, WS1
Lee, MK1
Zuo, ZX1
Wang, YJ1
Liu, L1
Wang, Y1
Mei, SH1
Feng, ZH1
Wang, M1
Li, XY1
Kim, SJ1
Oh, SB1
Lee, JH2
Beitz, AJ2
Bennett, GJ1
Ware, MA1
Gandhi, W1
Bley, K1
Schweinhardt, P1
Nag, S1
Mokha, SS1
Zhang, L1
Wang, G1
Ma, J1
Liu, C1
Liu, X1
Zhan, Y1
Zhang, M1
Kwon, YB1
Kim, HW1
Seo, HS1
Han, HJ1
Lee, HJ2
Gil, DW2
Cheevers, CV2
Kedzie, KM1
Manlapaz, CA1
Rao, S1
Tang, E1
Donello, JE2
Feng, X2
Zhang, F2
Dong, R2
Li, W2
Liu, J2
Zhao, X1
Xue, Q1
Yu, B2
Xu, J2
Gyires, K1
Zádori, ZS1
Shujaa, N1
Al-Khrasani, M1
Pap, B1
Mózes, MM1
Mátyus, P1
King, T2
Vera-Portocarrero, L1
Gutierrez, T1
Vanderah, TW1
Dussor, G1
Lai, J2
Fields, HL2
Porreca, F2
Overland, AC1
Kitto, KF1
Chabot-Doré, AJ1
Rothwell, PE1
Fairbanks, CA2
Stone, LS1
Wilcox, GL2
Chen, JJ1
Lue, JH1
Lin, LH1
Huang, CT1
Chiang, RP1
Chen, CL1
Tsai, YJ1
Qu, C1
Okun, A1
Davoody, L1
Quiton, RL1
Lucas, JM1
Ji, Y1
Keller, A1
Masri, R1
Schlimp, CJ1
Pipam, W1
Wolrab, C1
Ohner, C1
Kager, HI1
Likar, R1
Kim, HJ1
Seol, TK1
Yaksh, TL2
Jun, JH1
Wang, H1
Huang, W1
Chen, D1
Dohi, S2
Zeng, W2
Walker, SM1
Grafe, M1
Blaudszun, G1
Lysakowski, C1
Elia, N1
Tramèr, MR1
Martins, DF1
Mazzardo-Martins, L1
Cidral-Filho, FJ1
Stramosk, J1
Santos, AR1
Wei, H1
Viisanen, H1
Amorim, D1
Koivisto, A1
Pertovaara, A3
Milne, B1
Jhamandas, K1
Sutak, M1
Grenier, P1
Cahill, CM1
Lin, CR1
Chuang, YC1
Cheng, JT1
Wang, CJ1
Yang, LC1
Sluka, KA1
Chandran, P1
Kalmari, J1
Jevtovic-Todorovic, V1
Meyenburg, AP1
Olney, JW1
Wozniak, DF1
Kawamata, T1
Omote, K1
Yamamoto, H1
Toriyabe, M1
Wada, K1
Namiki, A1
Koppert, W1
Sittl, R1
Scheuber, K1
Alsheimer, M1
Schmelz, M1
Schüttler, J1
Lavand'homme, PM1
Obata, H1
Li, X1
Miura, T1
Okazaki, R1
Yoshida, H1
Namba, H1
Okai, H1
Kawamura, M1
De Kock, M1
Lavand'homme, P1
Waterloos, H1
Romero-Sandoval, EA1
McCall, C1
Liu, B1
Martin, TJ1
Kim, SA1
Dogrul, A1
Coskun, I1
Uzbay, T1
Ge, YX1
Xin, WJ1
Hu, NW1
Zhang, T1
Xu, JT1
Liu, XG1
Spengler, RN2
Sud, R1
Knight, PR2
Ignatowski, TA2
Reuben, SS1
Buvanendran, A1
Chen, X1
Tomić, MA1
Vucković, SM1
Stepanović-Petrović, RM1
Ugresić, ND1
Paranos, SLj1
Prostran, MS1
Bosković, B1
Smith, GD2
Harrison, SM2
Birch, PJ2
Wiseman, J1
Elliott, PJ1
Aley, KO1
Levine, JD1
Hood, DD2
Curry, R2
Wang, YX1
Pettus, M1
Gao, D1
Phillips, C1
Scott Bowersox, S1
Covey, WC1
Onttonen, T1
Nguyen, HO1
Grocholski, BM1
Hord, AH1
Chalfoun, AG1
Denson, DD1
Azevedo, MI1
Zeitz, KP1
Malmberg, AB1
Gilbert, H1
Basbaum, AI1
Davis, KD1
Treede, RD1
Raja, SN1
Meyer, RA1
Campbell, JN1
Hylden, JL1
Thomas, DA1
Iadarola, MJ1
Nahin, RL1
Dubner, R1

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The Effects of Topical Treatment With Clonidine + Pentoxifylline in Patients With Neuropathic Pain[NCT03342950]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-19Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
A Prospective Study Comparing Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol and Remifentanil vs. Propofol and Dexmedetomidine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation[NCT06096181]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-31Not yet recruiting
Intravenous Lidocaine and Time to Regression of the Sensory Block After Spinal Anesthesia With Isobaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Surgery to Treat Skin and Soft Tissue Tumors of the Lower Limbs[NCT04741880]Phase 2/Phase 366 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-17Recruiting
Guanfacine for PONV and Pain After Sinus Surgery[NCT02882854]84 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
A Comparison of Morphine and Morphine Plus Dexmedetomidine in Chronic Cancer Pain[NCT02289261]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
Ketamine as an Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Vaso Occlusive Crisis in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, a Pilot Study[NCT02801292]Phase 320 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-07-31Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Effect of Ketamine on Remifentanil-induced Hyperalgesia Using Filaments, an Algometer, and Interleukins: a Double-blind, Randomized Study[NCT01301079]Phase 360 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
Effect of Ultra-low Dose Naloxone on Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia[NCT03066739]Phase 2105 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-25Recruiting
Can Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia be Prevented by Gradual Dose Reduction vs. Abrupt Withdrawal of Remifentanil?[NCT01702389]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-31Completed
Hemodynamic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study to Assess Its Effectiveness in Hypertensive Subjects With Poor Blood Pressure Control (Phase II)[NCT01297335]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Effects of Lidocaine Patch on Intradermal Capsaicin Induced Pain and Hyperalgesia[NCT00373893]Phase 112 participants Interventional2005-12-31Completed
Clinical Trial of Etanercept (TNF-α Blocker) for Treatment of Blast-Induced Tinnitus[NCT04066348]Phase 2310 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-01Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

PACU Length of Stay in Minutes

(NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Interventionminutes (Median)
Guanfacine128
Placebo110

Postoperative Nausea Assessment Using 11-point Nausea Scale (nVRS)

PONV assessed using nVRS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no nausea and 10 is worst nausea. (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours post op

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine0.00
Placebo0.00

Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Postoperative pain assessment using VAS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours postop

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine3
Placebo2

Total Narcotic Requirement in PACU

Total narcotic requirement in PACU tallied in morphine equivalents during PACU stay (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Interventionmorphine equivalents (Median)
Guanfacine8.75
Placebo7.50

Maximum Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Maximum postoperative pain assessment assessed in PACU at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after PACU arrival using VAS when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 15, 30, 60 minutes after arriving in PACU

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
15 minutes after PACU admission7248297715 minutes after PACU admission7248297830 minutes after PACU admission7248297730 minutes after PACU admission7248297860 minutes after PACU admission7248297760 minutes after PACU admission72482978
Mild (Pain nVRS 1-5)Moderate/Severe (Pain nVRS 6-10)None (Pain nVRS 0)
Guanfacine31
Placebo24
Guanfacine0
Placebo5
Guanfacine8
Placebo10
Guanfacine18
Placebo20
Guanfacine7
Placebo6
Guanfacine14
Placebo14
Guanfacine12
Placebo16
Guanfacine6
Placebo13
Guanfacine21
Placebo12

Allodynia as Detected With a Soft Brush in the Periumbilical Region 24 h After the Procedure

The evaluations using the soft brush were performed 2-3 cm from the incision in the periumbilical region (where the large trocar was placed) 24 h after the procedure (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Ketamine1
Saline0

Allodynia as Detected With a Soft Brush in the Periumbilical Region Before the Procedure

The evaluations using the soft brush were performed 2-3 cm from the incision in the periumbilical region (where the large trocar was placed) before the procedure (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Before the procedure (Baseline)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Ketamine1
Saline0

Allodynia as Detected With a Soft Brush in the Thenar Eminence 24 h After the Procedure

The evaluations using the soft brush were performed in the thenar eminence of the non dominant hand 24 h after the procedure (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Ketamine1
Saline3

Allodynia as Detected With a Soft Brush in the Thenar Eminence Before the Procedure

The evaluations using the soft brush were performed in the thenar eminence of the nondominant hand before the procedure (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Before the procedure (Baseline)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Ketamine1
Saline0

Extension of Hyperalgesia

The 300-g filament was used 24 hours after the operation to induce a stimulus and delineate the extent of hyperalgesia from the periumbilical region. The stimulus was started outside the periumbilical region, where no pain sensation was reported, and continued every 0.5 cm until the 4 points of the periumbilical scar were reached (top, right side, left side, and bottom). The first point where the patient complained of pain was marked. If no pain sensation was reported, the stimulus was terminated 0.5 cm from the incision. The distance of each point from the surgical incision was measured, and the sum of the distances of the points was determined. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 hours after the procedure

Interventioncentimeter (Mean)
Ketamine10.61
Saline11.82

Hyperalgesia in the Postoperative Period as Measured With Algometer in the Periumbilical Region

The mechanical pain threshold was evaluated using an algometer. The pressure was increased by 0.1 kgf/second until the patient complained of pain. The mean of three determinations was calculated. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionkilogram force/second (Mean)
Ketamine3.5
Saline3.7

Hyperalgesia in the Postoperative Period as Measured With Algometer in Thenar Eminence

The mechanical pain threshold was evaluated using an algometer. The pressure was increased by 0.1 kgf/second until the patient complained of pain. The mean of three determinations was calculated. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionkilogram force/second (Mean)
Ketamine0.56
Saline0.51

Hyperalgesia in the Postoperative Period as Measured With Monofilaments in the Periumbilical Region

The pain threshold was assessed using six von Frey monofilaments (0,05 g; 0,2 g; 2 g; 4 g; 10 g e 300 g) in the periumbilical region in the postoperative period (24h after the procedure). The use of different von Frey monofilaments, starting with the lightest and ending with the heaviest, was separated by at least 30 seconds to reduce any anticipated responses due to a new stimulation that was performed too soon after the preceding stimulation. Three assessments were made for each monofilament, and this was considered positive when the patient responded to two of the determinations for each monofilament. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24h after the procedure

Interventiongram (Mean)
Ketamine248
Saline205

Hyperalgesia in the Postoperative Period as Measured With Monofilaments in Thenar Eminence

The pain threshold was assessed using six von Frey monofilaments (0,05 g; 0,2 g; 2 g; 4 g; 10 g e 300 g) in thenar eminence in the postoperative period (24 hours after procedure). The use of different von Frey monofilaments, starting with the lightest and ending with the heaviest, was separated by at least 30 seconds to reduce any anticipated responses due to a new stimulation that was performed too soon after the preceding stimulation. Three assessments were made for each monofilament, and this was considered positive when the patient responded to two of the determinations for each monofilament. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 hours after procedure

Interventiongram (Mean)
Ketamine290
Saline247

Hyperalgesia in the Preoperative Period as Measured With Algometer in the Periumbilical Region

The mechanical pain threshold was evaluated using an algometer. The pressure was increased by 0.1 kgf/second until the patient complained of pain. The mean of three determinations was calculated. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Baseline (before the surgery)

Interventionkilogram force/second (Mean)
Ketamine3.6
Saline3.9

Hyperalgesia in the Preoperative Period as Measured With Algometer in Thenar Eminence

The mechanical pain threshold was evaluated using an algometer. The pressure was increased by 0.1 kgf/second until the patient complained of pain. The mean of three determinations was calculated. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Baseline (before the procedure)

Interventionkilogram force/second (Mean)
Ketamine2.51
Saline2.19

Hyperalgesia in the Preoperative Period as Measured With Monofilaments in the Periumbilical Region

The pain threshold was assessed using six von Frey monofilaments (0,05 g; 0,2 g; 2 g; 4 g; 10 g e 300 g) in the periumbilical region in the preoperative period. The use of different von Frey monofilaments, starting with the lightest and ending with the heaviest, was separated by at least 30 seconds to reduce any anticipated responses due to a new stimulation that was performed too soon after the preceding stimulation. Three assessments were made for each monofilament, and this was considered positive when the patient responded to two of the determinations for each monofilament. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Before the procedure (Baseline)

Interventiongram (Mean)
Ketamine279
Saline269

Hyperalgesia in the Preoperative Period as Measured With Monofilaments in Thenar Eminence

The pain threshold was assessed using six von Frey monofilaments (0,05 g; 0,2 g; 2 g; 4 g; 10 g e 300 g) in thenar eminence in the preoperative period. The use of different von Frey monofilaments, starting with the lightest and ending with the heaviest, was separated by at least 30 seconds to reduce any anticipated responses due to a new stimulation that was performed too soon after the preceding stimulation. Three assessments were made for each monofilament, and this was considered positive when the patient responded to two of the determinations for each monofilament. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Before the procedure (Baseline)

Interventiongram (Mean)
Ketamine300
Saline300

Morphine Consumption Within 24 h

(NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionmilligram (Mean)
Ketamine27.40
Saline27.70

Pain 12 Hours

The scale measure pain after 12 hours (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 12 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.6
Saline1.4

Pain 120 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 120 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 120 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine2.2
Saline2.0

Pain 150 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 150 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 150 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.4
Saline1.4

Pain 18 Hours

The scale measure pain after 18 hours (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 18 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.5
Saline1.3

Pain 180 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 180 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 180 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.1
Saline1.3

Pain 210 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 210 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 210 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine0.9
Saline1.2

Pain 24 Hours

The scale measure pain after 24 hours (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.4
Saline0.8

Pain 240 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 240 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 240 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.0
Saline1.1

Pain 30 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 30 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 30 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine5.5
Saline6.2

Pain 6 Hours

The scale measure pain after 6 hours (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 6 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine0.9
Saline0.7

Pain 60 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 60 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 60 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine4.6
Saline5.1

Pain 90 Minutes

The scale measure pain after 90 minutes (0 - without pain and 10 worst pain possible). The individual can choose any number between 0 - 10. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 90 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine3.4
Saline3.4

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-10 24 h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 24 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-6 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine8.6
Saline5.0

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-10 5h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 5 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-10 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 5h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine9.1
Saline5.5

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-10 Before the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes before the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-6 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Baseline (Before the procedure)

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine7.8
Saline1.9

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-6 24 h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 24 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-6 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine24.1
Saline24.8

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-6 5 h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 5 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-6 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 5 h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine29.3
Saline34.8

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-6 Before the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes before the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-6 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Baseline (Before the procedure)

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine3.3
Saline2.1

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-8 24 h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 24 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-8 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine6.0
Saline4.5

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-8 5 h After the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes 5 h after the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-8 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 5 h after the procedure

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine8.0
Saline11.3

Serum Level of Interleukin (IL)-8 Before the Procedure

Blood samples were drawn in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes before the surgery. The blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and was stored at -70°C. IL-8 was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. (NCT01301079)
Timeframe: Baseline (Before the procedure)

Interventionpicogram/milliliter (Mean)
Ketamine3.3
Saline2.2

Time to First Morphine Supplementation

(NCT01301079)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionminutes (Median)
Ketamine18
Saline15

Change in Blood Pressure After Intrathecal Injection of Clonidine.

"Subjects baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), and blood pressures after clonidine injection was compared against baseline to assess efficacy of clonidine in refractory hypertensive subjects. Subject's blood pressure was monitored continuously after intrathecal injection of clonidine until subjects blood pressure nadir and return to pre clonidine injection level. The mean value reported below are the average changes in blood pressure from baseline (pre clonidine injection) in both SBP and DBP during post clonidine injection blood pressure monitoring for 4 hours.~Blood pressure measurements were collected every 10 minutes for first hour after injection, and every 15 minutes after the first hour, up to 4 hours were averaged to report the change from baseline." (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Baseline, Every 10 Minutes for first hour after clonidine injection, and every 15 minutes after first hour, until 4 hours after clonidine injection

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Change in mean SBP after clonidine injectionChange in DBP after clonidine injection
Intrathecal Clonidine7937

Changes in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Ratings of Sedation and Sensation of Dry Mouth Reported by the Subjects, Pre and 1 Hour Post Injection

Subjects were asked to rate severity of two of the most common side effects of clonidine, sedation and sensation of dry mouth, at pre and post (1 hour after) intrathecal administration of clonidine. The mean changes between pre and post injection VAS ratings of sedation and sensation of dry mouth are reported below. The VAS scale ranges from 1 to 10 cm, with higher values indicating higher level of sedation and higher level of dry mouth. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Before clonidine injection (Baseline), and at 1 hour after clonidine injection.

Interventioncm (Mean)
Change in level of sedationChange in sensation of dry mouth
Intrathecal Clonidine3.363.47

Likert Scale Pain Rating

Likert scale is 11 point digital pain rating system that asks subjects to rate their pain from 0 to 10. Rating of 0 means no pain at all, and in increasing order, 10 would mean worst pain imaginable/ unbearable pain. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 1 hour post injection.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-injection average Likert scorePost-injection average Likert score
Intrathecal Clonidine6.53.6

Reviews

2 reviews available for clonidine and Allodynia

ArticleYear
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 116, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dex

2012
Preventing the development of chronic pain after orthopaedic surgery with preventive multimodal analgesic techniques.
    The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2007, Volume: 89, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Anima

2007

Trials

7 trials available for clonidine and Allodynia

ArticleYear
Intrathecal clonidine and adenosine: effects on pain and sensory processing in patients with chronic regional pain syndrome.
    Pain, 2015, Volume: 156, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Analgesics; Chronic Pain; Clonidine; Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; Cross-Over S

2015
Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
    Pain, 2016, Volume: 157, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination;

2016
[Clonidine for remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study of clonidine under intra-operative use of remifentanil in elective surgery of the shoulder].
    Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Arth

2011
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
Differential modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Blood Pressure; Clo

2003
The short-lasting analgesia and long-term antihyperalgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in patients undergoing colonic surgery.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2005, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anest

2005
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia.
    Pain, 2000, Volume: 84, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; H

2000

Other Studies

59 other studies available for clonidine and Allodynia

ArticleYear
Sex-dependent antiallodynic effect of α
    European journal of pharmacology, 2022, Apr-05, Volume: 920

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Female; Hyperalgesia; Male; Neuralgia; Rat

2022
Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats.
    Pain research & management, 2022, Volume: 2022

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Clonidine; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Naloxone;

2022
Analgesic Efficacy of α
    Neuroscience, 2021, 02-10, Volume: 455

    Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; An

2021
Thoracic paravertebral catheterization for more than one year: A report of mastodynia.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2018, Volume: 47

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Catheterization; Clonidine; Electric Injuries; Epidural Space; Femal

2018
Complex regional pain syndrome: intradermal injection of phenylephrine evokes pain and hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients with upregulated α1-adrenoceptors on dermal nerves.
    Pain, 2018, Volume: 159, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Aged; Clonidine;

2018
The role of α₂ adrenoceptor in mediating noradrenaline action in the ventrolateral orbital cortex on allodynia following spared nerve injury.
    Experimental neurology, 2013, Volume: 248

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Bicuculline;

2013
Influence of clonidine and ketamine on m-RNA expression in a model of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:11

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Brain; Clonidine; Disease M

2013
Chronic CRF1 receptor blockade reduces heroin intake escalation and dependence-induced hyperalgesia.
    Addiction biology, 2015, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antag

2015
Topical combinations to treat microvascular dysfunction of chronic postischemia pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2014, Volume: 118, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Capillaries; Chemistry, Phar

2014
The effect of clonidine pretreatment on epidural resiniferatoxin in a neuropathic pain rat model.
    Acta medica Okayama, 2015, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Diterpenes; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Epidural;

2015
Huperzine A Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia but Not Spontaneous Pain via Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Mice.
    Neural plasticity, 2015, Volume: 2015

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Ambenonium Chloride; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Anima

2015
Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist relieves mechanical allodynia in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic mice; potentiation by spinal p38 MAPK inhibition without motor dysfunction and hypotension.
    International journal of cancer, 2016, May-15, Volume: 138, Issue:10

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Cyt

2016
Activation of the trigeminal α2-adrenoceptor produces sex-specific, estrogen dependent thermal antinociception and antihyperalgesia using an operant pain assay in the rat.
    Behavioural brain research, 2016, 11-01, Volume: 314

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Estrogens; Female; Hyperalgesia; Male; Ovariectomy; Pain; Pain Measu

2016
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) contributes to neuropathic spontaneous pain-related aversion via NR2B receptors.
    Brain research bulletin, 2016, Volume: 127

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Clonidine; Conditioning,

2016
alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors augment thermal hyperalgesia in mildly burnt skin.
    European journal of pain (London, England), 2009, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Burns; Clonidine; Female

2009
Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model.
    The journal of pain, 2009, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Acupuncture Points; Analgesics; Animals; Bee Venoms; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Respons

2009
Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor agonist activity of clinical alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists interferes with alpha-2-mediated analgesia.
    Anesthesiology, 2009, Volume: 110, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analg

2009
Intrathecal administration of clonidine attenuates spinal neuroimmune activation in a rat model of neuropathic pain with existing hyperalgesia.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2009, Jul-01, Volume: 614, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Clonidine; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activati

2009
Pharmacological analysis of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective actions.
    Inflammopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agon

2009
Unmasking the tonic-aversive state in neuropathic pain.
    Nature neuroscience, 2009, Volume: 12, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenosine; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clonidine; Condition

2009
Protein kinase C mediates the synergistic interaction between agonists acting at alpha2-adrenergic and delta-opioid receptors in spinal cord.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2009, Oct-21, Volume: 29, Issue:42

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Calcit

2009
Effects of pre-emptive drug treatment on astrocyte activation in the cuneate nucleus following rat median nerve injury.
    Pain, 2010, Volume: 148, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Astrocytes; Citrates; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocil

2010
Lesion of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex eliminates the aversiveness of spontaneous neuropathic pain following partial or complete axotomy.
    Pain, 2011, Volume: 152, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Axotomy; Clonidine; Cocaine; Conditioning, Operant; Disease

2011
Conditioned place preference reveals tonic pain in an animal model of central pain.
    The journal of pain, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:8

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Electr

2011
The effect of intrathecal mu, delta, kappa, and alpha-2 agonists on thermal hyperalgesia induced by mild burn on hind paw in rats.
    Journal of anesthesia, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic

2011
Effects of clonidine on bilateral pain behaviors and inflammatory response in rats under the state of neuropathic pain.
    Neuroscience letters, 2011, Nov-21, Volume: 505, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Clonidine; Cytok

2011
The antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered amiloride and its interactions with morphine and clonidine in rats.
    The journal of pain, 2012, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Amiloride; Analgesics; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relations

2012
Intrathecal clonidine in the neonatal rat: dose-dependent analgesia and evaluation of spinal apoptosis and toxicity.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 115, Issue:2

    Topics: Age Factors; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Carrageenan; Clonid

2012
Ankle joint mobilization affects postoperative pain through peripheral and central adenosine A1 receptors.
    Physical therapy, 2013, Volume: 93, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenosine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Ankle Joint; Caffeine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal;

2013
Dissociated modulation of conditioned place-preference and mechanical hypersensitivity by a TRPA1 channel antagonist in peripheral neuropathy.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 104

    Topics: Acetanilides; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Psychological;

2013
Stereo-selective inhibition of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia by an ultra-low dose of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2013, Feb-28, Volume: 702, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Benzofurans

2013
Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain.
    Inflammation, 2002, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freu

2002
Enhanced reduction in hyperalgesia by combined administration of clonidine and TENS.
    Pain, 2002, Volume: 100, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Carrageenan; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation;

2002
Comparison of the visceral antinociceptive effects of spinally administered MPV-2426 (fadolmidine) and clonidine in the rat.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Clonidine; Colitis; Colon; Dose-Response

2003
Anti-parkinsonian agents procyclidine and ethopropazine alleviate thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats.
    Neuropharmacology, 2003, Volume: 44, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Clonidine; Constriction, Pathologic; Dose-

2003
Antihyperalgesic and side effects of intrathecal clonidine and tizanidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 98, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Cloni

2003
Perioperative administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine at the site of nerve injury reduces the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and modulates local cytokine expression.
    Pain, 2003, Volume: 105, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cytokines; Drug Combinations; Hyper

2003
Spinal adenosine receptor activation reduces hypersensitivity after surgery by a different mechanism than after nerve injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2004, Volume: 100, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hyperalgesia; Male; Pain Threshold; Postoperat

2004
Mechanisms of analgesic action of neurotropin on chronic pain in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat: roles of descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.
    Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2005, Volume: 97, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analges

2005
Alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation transforms immune responses in neuritis and blocks neuritis-induced pain.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005, Sep-28, Volume: 25, Issue:39

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antibody Formation; Clonidine; Cytokines; Hyperalgesia; Leukocyt

2005
Hyperexcitability of axotomized and neighboring unaxotomized sensory neurons is reduced days after perineural clonidine at the site of injury.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 2005, Volume: 94, Issue:5

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Axotomy; Clonidine; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Male; Membrane Potent

2005
Clonidine maintains intrathecal self-administration in rats following spinal nerve ligation.
    Pain, 2006, Dec-05, Volume: 125, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neuralgia; Pain Measurement;

2006
The contribution of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors in peripheral imidazoline and adrenoceptor agonist-induced nociception.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 103, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Agmatine; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru

2006
Clonidine depresses LTP of C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn via NO-cGMP pathway.
    Brain research, 2006, Nov-06, Volume: 1118, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Affer

2006
Antinociception mediated by alpha(2)-adrenergic activation involves increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) expression and restoring TNFalpha and alpha(2)-adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release.
    Neuropharmacology, 2007, Volume: 52, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brimonidine Tartrate; Clonidine; Dose-Resp

2007
Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarb

2008
Antinociceptive synergistic interaction between clonidine and ouabain on thermal nociceptive tests in the rat.
    The journal of pain, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:12

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship

2007
The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dos

2007
Peri-administration of clonidine or MK801 delays but does not prevent the development of mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of mononeuropathy in the rat.
    Neuroscience letters, 1995, Jun-02, Volume: 192, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Subcutane

1995
Pre-emptive administration of clonidine prevents development of hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli in a model of mononeuropathy in the rat.
    Brain research, 1993, Dec-31, Volume: 632, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Baclofen; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperalge

1993
Multiple receptors involved in peripheral alpha 2, mu, and A1 antinociception, tolerance, and withdrawal.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagon

1997
Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain.
    Pain, 2000, Volume: 84, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Clonidi

2000
Brain-derived TNFalpha: involvement in neuroplastic changes implicated in the conscious perception of persistent pain.
    Brain research, 2000, Mar-17, Volume: 859, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain; Chronic Disease; Clonidine;

2000
The mechanical antihyperalgesic effect of intrathecally administered MPV-2426, a novel alpha2 -adrenoceptor agonist, in a rat model of postoperative pain.
    Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine

2000
Moxonidine, a selective imidazoline-alpha2 -adrenergic receptor agonist, produces spinal synergistic antihyperalgesia with morphine in nerve-injured mice.
    Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 93, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dru

2000
Systemic tizanidine hydrochloride (Zanaflex) relieves thermal hyperalgesia in rats with an experimental mononeuropathy.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia

2001
Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC gamma mutant mice.
    Pain, 2001, Volume: 94, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Hyperalgesia; Isoenzymes; Male;

2001
Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain.
    Pain, 1991, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Norepinephrine; Pain; Phe

1991
Spinal opioid analgesic effects are enhanced in a model of unilateral inflammation/hyperalgesia: possible involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1991, Mar-05, Volume: 194, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Carrageenan; Clonidine; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Inflammati

1991