clonidine and Alcohol Abuse studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In this study, we evaluated the effect of intrathecal and oral clonidine as supplements to spinal anesthesia with lidocaine in patients at risk of postoperative alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS)."	5.11	Intrathecal and oral clonidine as prophylaxis for postoperative alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a randomized double-blinded study. ( Axelsson, K; Berggren, L; Dobrydnjov, I; Holmström, B; Samarütel, J, 2004)
"Thirteen of these patients with alcohol abuse were treated postoperatively with IV clonidine for prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome."	2.68	Postoperative alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation attenuates protein catabolism. ( Goeters, C; Kuhmann, M; Mertes, N; Zander, JF, 1996)
"Alprazolam was significantly more efficacious than both clonidine and placebo in decreasing withdrawal symptoms."	2.67	Double-blind study of alprazolam, diazepam, clonidine, and placebo in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome: preliminary findings. ( Adinoff, B, 1994)
"Lofexidine (L) was compared to placebo (P) in a random double blind placebo controlled study of 23 healthy alcoholics in withdrawal."	2.66	Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: clinical and hormonal responses to alpha 2-adrenergic agonist treatment. ( Cushman, P; Sowers, JR, 1989)
"In a doubl-blind study, patients receiving a rapidly falling dosage of clonidine recovered about 1 day faster from the symptoms of moderately severe alcohol withdrawal than patients receiving placebo."	2.64	Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal. ( Björkqvist, SE, 1975)
"Clonidine has provided a nonaddicting solution to an ancient problem, opiate withdrawal without opiates."	2.37	Clonidine. ( Gold, MS; Roehrich, H, 1987)
"Alcohol dependence has been associated with reduced function of serotonin, dopamine as well as noradrenaline activities in several neuroendocrine studies."	1.38	Neuroendocrine assessment of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic functions in alcohol-dependent individuals. ( Balldin, J; Berggren, U; Berglund, KJ; Blennow, K; Engel, JA; Fahlke, C; Zetterberg, H, 2012)
"Pretreatment with lofexidine (0."	1.33	Role of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking and alcohol self-administration in rats. ( Funk, D; Harding, S; Juzytsch, W; Lê, AD; Shaham, Y, 2005)
"A total of seven male patients with alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV were assessed for the postsynaptic alpha-2-receptor function with the CLON/GH test (2."	1.31	Subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in male alcohol-dependent individuals during 6 months of abstinence. ( Balldin, J; Berggren, U; Fahlke, C; Norrby, A; Zachrisson, O, 2000)
" Drug was most often given on a fixed dosing schedule with additional medication "as needed" (52% of the programs)."	1.29	Alcohol withdrawal: a nationwide survey of inpatient treatment practices. ( Friedman, LS; Mayo-Smith, MF; Saitz, R, 1995)
"Finally it is suggested that insomnia and the loss of REM sleep may also contribute to the onset of the condition."	1.27	[Changes in the circadian rhythm of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate during the alcoholic withdrawal syndrome and related neurobiological correlations]. ( Cedaro, P; Di Piazza, V; Geatti, O; Lattuada, L; Marchetti, E; Nardoni, A, 1985)
"Clonidine was found to be remarkably effective in alleviating various alcohol abstinence signs in a chronic alcoholic."	1.27	Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: a clinical report. ( Kulkarni, GK; Kulkarni, SK; Parale, MP, 1987)
"bolus of clonidine (1."	1.27	Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: a pilot study of differential symptom responses following i.v. clonidine. ( Glue, P; Nutt, D, 1987)

Research

Studies (44)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

OOWS Score

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	18 (40.91)	18.7374
1990's	11 (25.00)	18.2507
2000's	9 (20.45)	29.6817
2010's	6 (13.64)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Mills, WD	1
Greenhaw, RM	1
Wang, JMP	1
Haass-Koffler, CL	1
Swift, RM	1
Leggio, L	1
Albertson, TE	1
Chenoweth, J	1
Ford, J	1
Owen, K	1
Sutter, ME	1
Arora, S	1
Vohora, D	1
Fahlke, C	4
Berggren, U	4
Berglund, KJ	1
Zetterberg, H	1
Blennow, K	1
Engel, JA	1
Balldin, J	5
Tonner, PH	1
Paris, A	1
Eriksson, M	1
Sundkler, A	1
Hensel, M	1
Kox, WJ	1
Huitink, J	1
Buitelaar, D	1
Dobrydnjov, I	1
Axelsson, K	1
Berggren, L	1
Samarütel, J	1
Holmström, B	1
Lê, AD	1
Harding, S	1
Juzytsch, W	1
Funk, D	1
Shaham, Y	1
Matussek, N	1
Martin, PR	1
Ebert, MH	1
Gordon, EK	1
Linnoila, M	2
Kopin, IJ	1
Wilkins, AJ	1
Jenkins, WJ	1
Steiner, JA	1
Gorelick, DA	1
Strickland, RA	1
Berge, KH	1
Adinoff, B	2
De Marinis, L	1
Mancini, A	1
Fiumara, C	1
Conte, G	1
Iacona, T	1
Ianiri, L	1
Zeppetelli, E	1
Gobbi, G	1
Tempesta, E	1
Covey, LS	1
Glassman, AH	1
Stetner, F	1
Becker, J	1
Saitz, R	1
Friedman, LS	1
Mayo-Smith, MF	1
Mertes, N	1
Goeters, C	1
Kuhmann, M	1
Zander, JF	1
Mrazek, M	1
Menges, C	1
Steffes, J	1
Thelen, B	1
Erkwoh, R	1
Norrby, A	1
Zachrisson, O	1
Soyka, M	2
Horak, M	2
Björkqvist, SE	1
Dennison, SJ	1
Bokström, K	1
Purschke, R	1
Glue, P	4
Sellman, JD	2
Nicholls, MG	2
Abbott, R	1
Joyce, PR	2
Nutt, DJ	2
Müller, N	1
Hoehe, M	1
Klein, HE	1
Nieberle, G	1
Kapfhammer, HP	1
May, F	1
Müller, OA	1
Fichter, M	1
Cushman, P	2
Sowers, JR	1
Robinson, BJ	1
Robinson, GM	1
Maling, TJ	1
Johnson, RH	1
Mefford, I	1
Nutt, D	3
Molyneux, S	1
Clark, E	1
Peachey, JE	1
Nardoni, A	1
Di Piazza, V	1
Marchetti, E	1
Geatti, O	1
Cedaro, P	1
Lattuada, L	1
Roehrich, H	1
Gold, MS	1
Kulkarni, SK	1
Parale, MP	1
Kulkarni, GK	1
Linder, R	1
Garcia, A	1
Svensson, TH	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Examination of Palonosetron and Hydroxyzine Pre-treatment as a Possible Method to Reduce the Objective Signs of Experimentally-induced Acute Opioid Withdrawal in Humans: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study[NCT00661674]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Phenobarbital Versus Ativan for Refractory Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit[NCT04156464]	Phase 4	142 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-06	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"The OOWS is a 13-item instrument documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. Maximum score possible = 13, minimum score possible = 0. T=15 minutes post naloxone administration coordinates with T = 180 (min) for the entire study session.~OOWS scores at T=180 is the primary outcome measure of the study compared with baseline OOWS scores at T=-30 (30 minutes prior to study medication administration). Reported time frames are in relation to time past since administration of study medications.~Mean post-Naloxone OOWS scores (+/- SEM) were determined for pretreatment groups" (NCT00661674)
Timeframe: Change from baseline in OOWS score at 180 minutes (15 minutes post naloxone administration)

SOWS Score

Intervention	units on a scale (OOWS Scale) (Mean)
Placebo	3.5
Palonosetron	1.0
Palonosetron + Hydroxyzine	0

"The SOWS score is composed of 16 subjective symptoms rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=not at all, 4=extremely) based on what subjects were experiencing at the time of testing. 15 minutes post naloxone administration coordinates with T = 180 (min) for the entire study session.~The highest score possible (64) would indicate that the individual was experiencing every symptom of opioid withdrawal to the fullest extent possible while the lowest score (0) would indicate that the individual was not experiencing any symptoms of opioid withdrawal.~Mean post-naloxone SOWS scores (+/- SEM) were computed for pretreatment groups: Placebo, palonosetron, and palonosetron with hydroxyzine" (NCT00661674)
Timeframe: Change from baseline in SOWS score at 180 minutes (15 minutes post naloxone administration)

Article	Year
Noradrenergic targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antag	2018
Is it prime time for alpha2-adrenocepter agonists in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes? Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Opioid-Related	2014
[α2-Agonists during withdrawal]. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit, 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Subst	2011
Drugs as tools for exploring neuroendocrine functions. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1984, Volume: 39 Topics: Alcoholism; Clonidine; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin; Ma	1984
NIH conference. Alcohol withdrawal and noradrenergic function. Annals of internal medicine, 1987, Volume: 107, Issue:6 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Clonidine; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Epinephrine; Human	1987
Clonidine. Advances in alcohol & substance abuse, 1987, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Clonidine; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1987
Clonidine and alcohol withdrawal. Advances in alcohol & substance abuse, 1987, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Humans; Psychoses, Alcoholic	1987

Article	Year
Intrathecal and oral clonidine as prophylaxis for postoperative alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a randomized double-blinded study. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Alcoholism; Anesthesia; Central Nervous Syste	2004
Effects of clonidine on central and peripheral catecholamine metabolism. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1984, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Ma	1984
Efficacy of clonidine in treatment of alcohol withdrawal state. Psychopharmacology, 1983, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male;	1983
Double-blind study of alprazolam, diazepam, clonidine, and placebo in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome: preliminary findings. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1994, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Diazepam; Dou	1994
Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in early abstinent alcoholic patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1993, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Female; Growth Hormone; Growth Hormone-Re	1993
Effect of history of alcoholism or major depression on smoking cessation. The American journal of psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Female; Follow-Up	1993
Postoperative alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation attenuates protein catabolism. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 82, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Alcoholism; Blood Proteins; Clonidine; Esophageal Neoplasms; Glucagon; Gl	1996
Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1975, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Midd	1975
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: clinical and hormonal responses to alpha 2-adrenergic agonist treatment. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1989, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Alcoholism; Catecholamines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; D	1989
Is clonidine useful in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal? Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1989, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Chlormethiazole; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine	1989

Article	Year
A Medical Review of Fatal High-G U.S. Aerobatic Accidents. Aerospace medicine and human performance, 2019, Nov-01, Volume: 90, Issue:11 Topics: Accidents, Aviation; Aerospace Medicine; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Case-Control Studies; Clonidine; Da	2019
Comparative Evaluation of Partial α2 -Adrenoceptor Agonist and Pure α2 -Adrenoceptor Antagonist on the Behavioural Symptoms of Withdrawal after Chronic Alcohol Administration in Mice. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2016, Volume: 119, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Alcoholism; Animals; Anxiety; Be	2016
Neuroendocrine assessment of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic functions in alcohol-dependent individuals. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2012, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Citalopram; Clonidine; Dopamine; Female; Human	2012
Extremely long recovery time for the sedative effect of clonidine in male type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects in full sustained remission. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2002, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mal	2002
[Can alcoholic withdrawal delirium be prevented?]. Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation, 2003, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines;	2003
Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jul-24, Volume: 349, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans;	2003
Role of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking and alcohol self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology, 2005, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Alcoholism; Animals; Clonidine; Conditionin	2005
Management of alcohol withdrawal. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1995, Volume: 70, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Humans; Medicine; Specialization; Substance Withdr	1995
Management of alcohol withdrawal. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1995, Volume: 70, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Midazolam;	1995
Alcohol withdrawal: a nationwide survey of inpatient treatment practices. Journal of general internal medicine, 1995, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alcoholism; Barbiturates; Benzodiazepines; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine;	1995
[Therapeutic experiences with alcohol-related Korsakoff syndrome]. Der Nervenarzt, 1999, Volume: 70, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Brai	1999
Subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in male alcohol-dependent individuals during 6 months of abstinence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2000, Jan-01, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Down-Regulation; Ethanol; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Mi	2000
[Ambulatory detoxification of alcoholic patients--evaluation of a model project]. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 2000, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Clonidine; Doxepin; Female; Follow-	2000
[Ambulatory detoxification of alcoholic patients. Results of a model project]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2000, Jul-20, Volume: 142, Issue:28-29 Topics: Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Doxepin; Germany; Humans; Outcome and Process	2000
Cardiovascular responses to clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: are they related to psychopathology and mental well-being? Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Affect; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous Syste	2000
Mr R: a case study of withdrawal. Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.), 1992,Fall, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Clonidine; Cocaine; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examination; Opioid	1992
A rating scale for assessment of alcohol withdrawal psychopathology (AWIP). Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1992, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Carbamazepine; Chlormethiazole; Chlorprothixene; Clonidine;	1992
[Perioperative risk caused by alcohol and/or drug abuse. Which therapy?]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie. Supplement II, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie. Kongress, 1990 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlormethiazole; Clon	1990
Studies of alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in abstinent alcoholics. British journal of addiction, 1989, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Arousal; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Receptors, Adre	1989
Endocrinological studies in alcoholics during withdrawal and after abstinence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1989, Volume: 14, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Depressive Disorder; Dexamethasone; Femal	1989
Alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in alcohol withdrawal: a pilot study of the effects of iv. clonidine in alcoholics and normals. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1988, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcoholism; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Humans; I	1988
The hypothermic response to clonidine is absent in alcohol withdrawal but returns in abstinence. Biological psychiatry, 1988, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Clonidine; Ethanol; Humans; Male; Norepinephr	1988
The role of drugs in the treatment of opioid addicts. The Medical journal of Australia, 1986, Oct-20, Volume: 145, Issue:8 Topics: Alcoholism; Anxiety; Clonidine; Dextropropoxyphene; Heroin; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Kinetic	1986
[Changes in the circadian rhythm of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate during the alcoholic withdrawal syndrome and related neurobiological correlations]. Minerva medica, 1985, Sep-15, Volume: 76, Issue:34-35 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Circadian Rhythm; Clonidine; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Piracetam; Sleep Initiat	1985
Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: a clinical report. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1987, Volume: 9, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1987
Clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: a pilot study of differential symptom responses following i.v. clonidine. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Substance Wi	1987
[Clonidine--a new possibility in the treatment of drug addicts]. Lakartidningen, 1986, Sep-10, Volume: 83, Issue:37 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders	1986

clonidine and Alcohol Abuse