clonazepam and Panic Disorder studies

Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.

Panic Disorder: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This long-term extension of an 8-week randomized, naturalistic study in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia compared the efficacy and safety of clonazepam (n = 47) and paroxetine (n = 37) over a 3-year total treatment duration."	9.16	A randomized, naturalistic, parallel-group study for the long-term treatment of panic disorder with clonazepam or paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Crippa, JA; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Dias, GP; E Silva, AC; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; King, AL; Levitan, MN; Mezzasalma, MA; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Paes, F; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2012)
"The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia."	9.15	Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Crippa, JA; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de O E Silva, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Dias, GP; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; King, AL; Levitan, MN; Mezzasalma, MA; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2011)
"High-potency benzodiazepines, such as clonazepam, are frequently used in the treatment of panic disorder (PD) because of their rapid onset of action and good tolerability."	9.14	Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment. ( Amrein, R; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Freire, RC; Levitan, MN; Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2010)
"Adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (DSM-III-R criteria) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or clonazepam in individually adjusted doses over 3 weeks to approximate an optimal dosage, which was then maintained for an additional 3 weeks, amounting to a 6-week therapeutic phase."	9.09	Efficacy, safety, and gradual discontinuation of clonazepam in panic disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study using optimized dosages. ( Moroz, G; Rosenbaum, JF, 1999)
" To determine if a ten days treatment with clonazepam attenuates the panic attacks induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide in panic disorder."	9.09	Carbon dioxide induced panic attacks and short term clonazepam treatment. Preliminary study. ( Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Zin, W, 1999)
"To examine the efficacy of clonazepam in chest pain patients with panic disorder and normal coronary arteries."	9.09	Clonazepam treatment of panic disorder in patients with recurrent chest pain and normal coronary arteries. ( Beitman, B; Dawaher, R; Maddock, R; Wells, VE; Wulsin, LR, 1999)
"To assess the effectiveness of clonazepam, in a fixed dose (2 mg/day), compared with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder patients."	9.09	Double-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatment. ( Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Zin, W, 2000)
"This study examined the use patterns and efficacy of the high potency benzodiazepine (HPB) clonazepam in panic patients who were treated and followed naturalistically in the Massachusetts General Hospital Longitudinal Study of Panic Disorder."	9.08	Long-term experience with clonazepam in patients with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder. ( McLean, RY; Moroz, G; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Rosenbaum, JF; Worthington, JJ, 1998)
"In this multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study, the efficacy, safety, dosing characteristics, and discontinuation of clonazepam were analyzed in patients with panic disorder."	9.08	Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a dose-response study of efficacy, safety, and discontinuance. Clonazepam Panic Disorder Dose-Response Study Group. ( Bowden, CL; Moroz, G; Rosenbaum, JF, 1997)
"Thirty-two outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of treatment with clonazepam or placebo, after a 1-week placebo washout period."	9.07	Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the correlation between clonazepam concentrations in plasma and clinical response. ( Annable, L; Beauclair, L; Chouinard, G; Fontaine, R; Holobow, N, 1994)
"Clonazepam was initially licensed as an anti-epileptic agent, but its use in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions, including panic disorder (PD) has now been well established."	8.89	Clonazepam for the treatment of panic disorder. ( Almada, LF; Amrein, R; Arias-Carrión, O; Cosci, F; Crippa, JA; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; Machado, S; Marques, RJ; Martin-Santos, R; Nardi, AE; Paes, F; Silva, AC, 2013)
"Clonazepam has recently been approved for the treatment of panic disorder."	8.80	Pivotal studies of clonazepam in panic disorder. ( Davidson, JR; Moroz, G, 1998)
"The response to treatment with imipramine or clonazepam was evaluated in patients with panic disorder."	7.68	[Treatment of patients with panic disorder and an elevated urinary excretion of MHPG using imipramine or clonazepam]. ( Carreira, I; Casique, M; Lima, L; Morales, M; Silva, C, 1992)
"Sodium valproate (VA) and clonazepam (CLZ) were combined in the treatment of 4 patients with panic disorders (PD) who were resistant to several antipanic drug treatments."	7.68	Sodium valproate and clonazepam for treatment-resistant panic disorder. ( Fontaine, R; Ontiveros, A, 1992)
"Relapse is a frequent problem in PD, and long-term treatment does not protect these patients in the long run."	6.84	A 6-Year Posttreatment Follow-up of Panic Disorder Patients: Treatment With Clonazepam Predicts Lower Recurrence Than Treatment With Paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Arias-Carrión, O; Carta, MG; Dias, GP; Freire, RC; Machado, S; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Versiani, M, 2017)
"The clonazepam dose was then tapered during 3 weeks and discontinued."	6.70	Early coadministration of clonazepam with sertraline for panic disorder. ( Almai, A; Brouette, T; Charney, D; Goddard, AW; Jetty, P; Woods, SW, 2001)
"Although panic disorder has been associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and financial dependence, no prior study has examined whether a clinical intervention will improve these outcomes."	6.68	The effects of clonazepam on quality of life and work productivity in panic disorder. ( Davidson, JR; Gupta, S; Jacobs, RJ; Meyerhoff, AS, 1997)
"5 years, 78% of patients remained on medication and the mean dosage of alprazolam and clonazepam did not increase."	6.67	Long-term outcome after acute treatment with alprazolam or clonazepam for panic disorder. ( Cohen, LS; Meltzer-Brody, S; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Rosenbaum, JF; Tesar, GE, 1993)
"Panic attacks are also precipitated by both the infusion of 0."	5.40	Evidence of a suffocation alarm system sensitive to clinically-effective treatments with the panicolytics clonazepam and fluoxetine. ( Müller, CJ; Schenberg, LC; Schimitel, FG; Tufik, S, 2014)
"This long-term extension of an 8-week randomized, naturalistic study in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia compared the efficacy and safety of clonazepam (n = 47) and paroxetine (n = 37) over a 3-year total treatment duration."	5.16	A randomized, naturalistic, parallel-group study for the long-term treatment of panic disorder with clonazepam or paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Crippa, JA; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Dias, GP; E Silva, AC; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; King, AL; Levitan, MN; Mezzasalma, MA; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Paes, F; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2012)
"The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia."	5.15	Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Crippa, JA; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de O E Silva, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Dias, GP; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; King, AL; Levitan, MN; Mezzasalma, MA; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2011)
"High-potency benzodiazepines, such as clonazepam, are frequently used in the treatment of panic disorder (PD) because of their rapid onset of action and good tolerability."	5.14	Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment. ( Amrein, R; da Costa, RT; de Carvalho, MR; de Cerqueira, AC; de-Melo-Neto, VL; Freire, RC; Levitan, MN; Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Sardinha, A; Soares-Filho, GL; Valença, AM; Veras, AB; Versiani, M, 2010)
"We aim to determine if a treatment with a dose of clonazepam--2 mg/day, for 6 weeks, blocks spontaneous panic attacks and the ones induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) in panic disorder (PD) patients."	5.10	Carbon dioxide test as an additional clinical measure of treatment response in panic disorder. ( Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Versiani, M; Zin, WA, 2002)
" Thirty-four panic disorder patients participated in a CO(2) test after 1 h, 2 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment with clonazepam (2 mg/day) or placebo."	5.10	Early carbon dioxide challenge test may predict clinical response in panic disorder. ( Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Versiani, M; Zin, WA, 2002)
"This study makes a comparison between two subtypes of panic disorder regarding the clinical efficacy of clonazepam, a benzodiazepine."	5.10	Therapeutic response to benzodiazepine in panic disorder subtypes. ( Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Versiani, M; Zin, WA, 2003)
"Adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (DSM-III-R criteria) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or clonazepam in individually adjusted doses over 3 weeks to approximate an optimal dosage, which was then maintained for an additional 3 weeks, amounting to a 6-week therapeutic phase."	5.09	Efficacy, safety, and gradual discontinuation of clonazepam in panic disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study using optimized dosages. ( Moroz, G; Rosenbaum, JF, 1999)
" To determine if a ten days treatment with clonazepam attenuates the panic attacks induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide in panic disorder."	5.09	Carbon dioxide induced panic attacks and short term clonazepam treatment. Preliminary study. ( Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Zin, W, 1999)
"To examine the efficacy of clonazepam in chest pain patients with panic disorder and normal coronary arteries."	5.09	Clonazepam treatment of panic disorder in patients with recurrent chest pain and normal coronary arteries. ( Beitman, B; Dawaher, R; Maddock, R; Wells, VE; Wulsin, LR, 1999)
"To assess the effectiveness of clonazepam, in a fixed dose (2 mg/day), compared with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder patients."	5.09	Double-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatment. ( Lopes, FL; Mezzasalma, MA; Nardi, AE; Nascimento, I; Valença, AM; Zin, W, 2000)
"In this multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study, the efficacy, safety, dosing characteristics, and discontinuation of clonazepam were analyzed in patients with panic disorder."	5.08	Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a dose-response study of efficacy, safety, and discontinuance. Clonazepam Panic Disorder Dose-Response Study Group. ( Bowden, CL; Moroz, G; Rosenbaum, JF, 1997)
"This study examined the use patterns and efficacy of the high potency benzodiazepine (HPB) clonazepam in panic patients who were treated and followed naturalistically in the Massachusetts General Hospital Longitudinal Study of Panic Disorder."	5.08	Long-term experience with clonazepam in patients with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder. ( McLean, RY; Moroz, G; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Rosenbaum, JF; Worthington, JJ, 1998)
"Thirty-two outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of treatment with clonazepam or placebo, after a 1-week placebo washout period."	5.07	Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the correlation between clonazepam concentrations in plasma and clinical response. ( Annable, L; Beauclair, L; Chouinard, G; Fontaine, R; Holobow, N, 1994)
"Outpatients treated for panic disorder with alprazolam or clonazepam for a minimum of 6 months and expressing a desire to stop taking the medication (N = 33) were randomly assigned to one of two taper conditions: a slow taper condition alone or a slow taper condition in conjunction with 10 weeks of group cognitive-behavioral therapy."	5.07	Discontinuation of benzodiazepine treatment: efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with panic disorder. ( Meltzer-Brody, S; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Reiter, SR; Rosenbaum, JF; Sachs, GS, 1993)
"Clonazepam was initially licensed as an anti-epileptic agent, but its use in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions, including panic disorder (PD) has now been well established."	4.89	Clonazepam for the treatment of panic disorder. ( Almada, LF; Amrein, R; Arias-Carrión, O; Cosci, F; Crippa, JA; Freire, RC; Hallak, JE; Machado, S; Marques, RJ; Martin-Santos, R; Nardi, AE; Paes, F; Silva, AC, 2013)
"Clonazepam has recently been approved for the treatment of panic disorder."	4.80	Pivotal studies of clonazepam in panic disorder. ( Davidson, JR; Moroz, G, 1998)
"Evidence from preclinical studies, preliminary clinical reports, pharmacologic challenge studies and a small number of controlled trials suggests that several antiepileptic agents--valproate, carbamazepine, and clonazepam--may have therapeutic effects in the treatment of patients with panic disorder."	4.78	Antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of panic disorder. ( Bennett, JA; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Smith, JM; Tugrul, KC, 1993)
"Ten patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder were treated with clonazepam."	3.68	Attenuation of carbon dioxide-induced panic after clonazepam treatment. ( de Loof, C; Griez, E; Pols, H; Zandbergen, J, 1991)
"The response to treatment with imipramine or clonazepam was evaluated in patients with panic disorder."	3.68	[Treatment of patients with panic disorder and an elevated urinary excretion of MHPG using imipramine or clonazepam]. ( Carreira, I; Casique, M; Lima, L; Morales, M; Silva, C, 1992)
"Sodium valproate (VA) and clonazepam (CLZ) were combined in the treatment of 4 patients with panic disorders (PD) who were resistant to several antipanic drug treatments."	3.68	Sodium valproate and clonazepam for treatment-resistant panic disorder. ( Fontaine, R; Ontiveros, A, 1992)
"Panic disorder is common in the general population with a prevalence of 1% to 4%."	3.01	Pharmacological treatments in panic disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis. ( Barbui, C; Bighelli, I; Caldwell, DM; Cipriani, A; Davies, SJ; Dawson, S; Dias, S; Furukawa, TA; Guaiana, G; Imai, H; Koesters, M; Meader, N; Pompoli, A; Robertson, L; Tajika, A, 2023)
"Relapse is a frequent problem in PD, and long-term treatment does not protect these patients in the long run."	2.84	A 6-Year Posttreatment Follow-up of Panic Disorder Patients: Treatment With Clonazepam Predicts Lower Recurrence Than Treatment With Paroxetine. ( Amrein, R; Arias-Carrión, O; Carta, MG; Dias, GP; Freire, RC; Machado, S; Mochcovitch, MD; Nardi, AE; Versiani, M, 2017)
"Despite its acute efficacy for the treatment of panic disorder, benzodiazepines (BZs) are associated with a withdrawal syndrome that closely mimics anxiety sensations, leading to difficulty with treatment discontinuation and often disorder relapse."	2.75	Efficacy of CBT for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with panic disorder: Further evaluation. ( Farach, FJ; McHugh, RK; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Simon, NM; Worthington, JJ, 2010)
" Phase 1 was a 6-week lead-in with open-label sertraline flexibly dosed to 100 mg (or escitalopram equivalent) to prospectively define treatment refractoriness (lack of remission)."	2.74	Next-step strategies for panic disorder refractory to initial pharmacotherapy: a 3-phase randomized clinical trial. ( Hoge, EA; Lebeau, RT; Moshier, SJ; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Simon, NM; Thompson, EH; Worthington, JJ; Zalta, AK, 2009)
"The clonazepam dose was then tapered during 3 weeks and discontinued."	2.70	Early coadministration of clonazepam with sertraline for panic disorder. ( Almai, A; Brouette, T; Charney, D; Goddard, AW; Jetty, P; Woods, SW, 2001)
"Although panic disorder has been associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and financial dependence, no prior study has examined whether a clinical intervention will improve these outcomes."	2.68	The effects of clonazepam on quality of life and work productivity in panic disorder. ( Davidson, JR; Gupta, S; Jacobs, RJ; Meyerhoff, AS, 1997)
"5 years, 78% of patients remained on medication and the mean dosage of alprazolam and clonazepam did not increase."	2.67	Long-term outcome after acute treatment with alprazolam or clonazepam for panic disorder. ( Cohen, LS; Meltzer-Brody, S; Otto, MW; Pollack, MH; Rosenbaum, JF; Tesar, GE, 1993)
"Clonazepam has several advantages over other benzodiazepines and can be considered a first-line agent for panic disorder."	2.40	Use of benzodiazepines in panic disorder. ( Davidson, JR, 1997)
"Panic attacks are also precipitated by both the infusion of 0."	1.40	Evidence of a suffocation alarm system sensitive to clinically-effective treatments with the panicolytics clonazepam and fluoxetine. ( Müller, CJ; Schenberg, LC; Schimitel, FG; Tufik, S, 2014)
"Patients with Tourette's syndrome often develop multiple psychopathological symptoms beyond the basic symptoms (motor and vocal tics)."	1.31	[Disguised Tourette's syndrome. A contribution to the differential diagnosis on phobia and fear]. ( Barnett, W; Bednarz, K; Haisch, S, 2002)

Research

Studies (70)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Panic Disorder Symptoms, Phase 1 (Week 0 - Week 6)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (1.43)	18.7374
1990's	34 (48.57)	18.2507
2000's	20 (28.57)	29.6817
2010's	11 (15.71)	24.3611
2020's	4 (5.71)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Guaiana, G	1
Meader, N	1
Barbui, C	1
Davies, SJ	1
Furukawa, TA	1
Imai, H	1
Dias, S	1
Caldwell, DM	1
Koesters, M	1
Tajika, A	1
Bighelli, I	1
Pompoli, A	1
Cipriani, A	1
Dawson, S	1
Robertson, L	1
Bhatia, MS	1
Goyal, S	1
Singh, A	1
Daral, A	1
Uvais, NA	1
Lohiya, N	2
Karve, S	1
Agarkhedkar, S	1
Freire, RC	7
Amrein, R	6
Mochcovitch, MD	3
Dias, GP	4
Machado, S	2
Versiani, M	9
Arias-Carrión, O	2
Carta, MG	1
Nardi, AE	15
Garg, K	1
Das, N	1
Kumar, CN	1
Schimitel, FG	1
Müller, CJ	1
Tufik, S	1
Schenberg, LC	1
Santos, V	1
King, AL	4
Simon, NM	3
Otto, MW	8
Worthington, JJ	4
Hoge, EA	1
Thompson, EH	1
Lebeau, RT	1
Moshier, SJ	1
Zalta, AK	1
Pollack, MH	9
Valença, AM	12
de Cerqueira, AC	4
Lopes, FL	5
Nascimento, I	12
Mezzasalma, MA	9
Veras, AB	5
Sardinha, A	4
de Carvalho, MR	4
da Costa, RT	4
Levitan, MN	4
de-Melo-Neto, VL	4
Soares-Filho, GL	4
McHugh, RK	1
Farach, FJ	1
de O E Silva, AC	2
Hallak, JE	4
Crippa, JA	4
Savitz, AJ	1
Kahn, TA	1
McGovern, KE	1
Kahn, JP	2
Paes, F	2
E Silva, AC	1
Almada, LF	1
Silva, AC	1
Marques, RJ	1
Martin-Santos, R	1
Cosci, F	1
Bernik, MA	1
Corregiari, FM	1
Braun, IM	1
Zin, WA	5
Bednarz, K	1
Haisch, S	1
Barnett, W	1
Starcevic, V	1
Kolar, D	1
Latas, M	1
Bogojevic, G	1
Kelin, K	1
Baker, B	1
Khaykin, Y	1
Devins, G	1
Dorian, P	1
Shapiro, C	1
Newman, D	1
Doyle, AL	1
Peters, P	1
Toshkov, F	1
Freeman, SA	1
Goddard, AW	2
Mason, GF	1
Appel, M	1
Rothman, DL	1
Gueorguieva, R	1
Behar, KL	1
Krystal, JH	1
Choi, YH	1
Vincelli, F	1
Riva, G	1
Wiederhold, BK	1
Lee, JH	1
Park, KH	1
Dunner, DL	1
Shekhar, A	1
Klein, DF	1
Labbate, LA	1
Tesar, GM	1
Rosenbaum, JF	7
Kaspi, SP	1
Hammerness, PG	1
Beauclair, L	1
Fontaine, R	3
Annable, L	1
Holobow, N	1
Chouinard, G	1
Keck, PE	2
McElroy, SL	2
Tugrul, KC	1
Bennett, JA	1
Smith, JM	1
Tesar, GE	1
Cohen, LS	1
Meltzer-Brody, S	2
Sachs, GS	2
Reiter, SR	1
Grafing, MR	1
Lamberti, J	1
Mostoufi-Moab, E	1
Beitman, BD	1
Weilburg, JB	1
Schachter, S	1
Worth, J	1
Ives, JR	1
Schomer, DL	1
Hetem, LA	1
Davidson, JR	3
Dantendorfer, K	1
Amering, M	1
Prayer, D	1
Maierhofer, D	1
Schnider, P	1
Katschnig, H	1
Benazzi, F	2
Moroz, G	4
Bowden, CL	1
Rapaport, MH	1
McLean, RY	1
Stein, MB	1
Baldwin, DS	1
Birtwistle, J	1
Fintzy, RT	1
Jacobs, RJ	1
Gupta, S	1
Meyerhoff, AS	1
Wulsin, LR	1
Maddock, R	1
Beitman, B	1
Dawaher, R	1
Wells, VE	1
Zin, W	2
Schaller, JL	1
Behar, D	1
Brouette, T	1
Almai, A	1
Jetty, P	1
Woods, SW	1
Charney, D	1
Gorman, JM	1
Lima, L	1
Carreira, I	1
Morales, M	1
Silva, C	1
Casique, M	1
Shalev, AY	1
Rogel-Fuchs, Y	1
Ontiveros, A	2
Pols, H	1
Zandbergen, J	1
de Loof, C	1
Griez, E	1
Lawrence, JM	1
McNamara, ME	1
Fogel, BS	1
Breton, G	1
Elie, R	1
Fontaine, S	1
Déry, R	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Treatment Refractory Panic Disorder[NCT00118417]	Phase 2/Phase 3	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-03-31	Completed
Long-term, Open, Naturalistic, Randomized Clinical Trial With Clonazepam and Paroxetine in Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia[NCT02852577]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-01-31	Completed
Treatment of Panic Disorder: Long Term Strategies[NCT00000368]	Phase 3	379 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-02-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

This measure is the change in points between baseline and endpoint scores on the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). The PDSS is a 7-item scale with each item rated from 0 (none) to 4 (extreme), for a total score range of 0 to 28 points, and an established interrater reliability of 0.87. (NCT00118417)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline and after Phase 1 (6 weeks)

Change in Panic Disorder Symptoms, Phase 2 (Week 6 - Week 12)

Intervention	Points on a scale (Mean)
Moderate Sertraline Treatment	4.3

Change in Panic Disorder Symptoms, Phase 3 (Week 12 - Week 24)

Intervention	Points on a scale (Mean)
Increased Sertraline	2.36
Sertraline Plus Placebo	2.31

Intervention	Points on a scale (Mean)
Medication Optimization	3.78
Augmented Cognitive Behavior Therapy	2.9

Article	Year
A 6-Year Posttreatment Follow-up of Panic Disorder Patients: Treatment With Clonazepam Predicts Lower Recurrence Than Treatment With Paroxetine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2017, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Female; Follow-Up Studies; GABA Modulators; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Diso	2017
Next-step strategies for panic disorder refractory to initial pharmacotherapy: a 3-phase randomized clinical trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Citalopram; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Ther	2009
Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonazepam; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Dis	2010
Efficacy of CBT for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with panic disorder: Further evaluation. Behaviour research and therapy, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dose-Response Relation	2010
Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2011, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agoraphobia; Clonazepam; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Disorder; Parox	2011
Randomized, open naturalistic, acute treatment of panic disorder with clonazepam or paroxetine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonazepam; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Disorder; Paroxetine; Time F	2011
Carbon dioxide induction of panic anxiety in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Psychiatry research, 2011, Aug-30, Volume: 189, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbon Dioxide; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hallucinations; Hum	2011
A randomized, naturalistic, parallel-group study for the long-term treatment of panic disorder with clonazepam or paroxetine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brazil; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; I	2012
Carbon dioxide test as an additional clinical measure of treatment response in panic disorder. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2002, Volume: 60, Issue:2-B Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Breath Tests; Carbo	2002
Early carbon dioxide challenge test may predict clinical response in panic disorder. Psychiatry research, 2002, Nov-15, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mid	2002
Therapeutic response to benzodiazepine in panic disorder subtypes. Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina, 2003, Mar-05, Volume: 121, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agoraphobia; Clonazepam; Female; GABA Modulators; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pani	2003
Correlates of therapeutic response in panic disorder presenting with palpitations: heart rate variability, sleep, and placebo effect. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2003, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Ele	2003
Combined paroxetine and clonazepam treatment strategies compared to paroxetine monotherapy for panic disorder. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Dru	2003
Effects of group experiential cognitive therapy for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 2005, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavior	2005
The relationship of alprazolam and clonazepam dose to steady-state concentration in plasma. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1994, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alprazolam; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Dr	1994
Cognitive behavior therapy for treatment-refractory panic disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Fluo	1994
Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the correlation between clonazepam concentrations in plasma and clinical response. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1994, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pan	1994
Long-term outcome after acute treatment with alprazolam or clonazepam for panic disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1993, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Panic D	1993
Discontinuation of benzodiazepine treatment: efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with panic disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Ambulatory Care; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combi	1993
Treatment of panic disorder in coronary artery disease. The American journal of psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 150, Issue:1 Topics: Chest Pain; Clonazepam; Coronary Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Panic Di	1993
Clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a dose-response study of efficacy, safety, and discontinuance. Clonazepam Panic Disorder Dose-Response Study Group. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agoraphobia; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Met	1997
Long-term experience with clonazepam in patients with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Female; GABA Modulators; Humans; Male; Panic Disorder; Prospective Studies; Psych	1998
The effects of clonazepam on quality of life and work productivity in panic disorder. The American journal of managed care, 1997, Volume: 3, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Efficiency; Employment; Female; GABA Modulators	1997
Clonazepam treatment of panic disorder in patients with recurrent chest pain and normal coronary arteries. International journal of psychiatry in medicine, 1999, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Chest Pain; Clonazepam; Coronary Vessels; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; GABA Modulators; H	1999
Carbon dioxide induced panic attacks and short term clonazepam treatment. Preliminary study. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1999, Volume: 57, Issue:2B Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbon Dioxide; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans;	1999
Efficacy, safety, and gradual discontinuation of clonazepam in panic disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study using optimized dosages. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1999, Volume: 60, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agoraphobia; Ambulatory Care; Clonazepam; Comorbidity; Double-Blind Method;	1999
Double-blind acute clonazepam vs. placebo in carbon dioxide-induced panic attacks. Psychiatry research, 2000, May-15, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Agoraphobia; Anticonvulsants; Carbon Dioxid	2000
Double-blind clonazepam vs placebo in panic disorder treatment. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Analysis of Variance; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; GABA Modulators;	2000
Early coadministration of clonazepam with sertraline for panic disorder. Archives of general psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 58, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans;	2001

Article	Year
COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 2020, 04-30, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Betacoronavirus; Clonazepam; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Panic	2020
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Elderly: A Case Series From India. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 2020, 06-25, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Acetamides; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Betacoronavirus; Ci	2020
A Tale of COVID-19: Beyond Physical Ailment. Indian pediatrics, 2021, 02-15, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; COVID-19; Diagnosis, Di	2021
Koro in panic disorder: Beyond a culture bound phenomena. Asian journal of psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 31 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Clonazepam; Culture; GABA Modulators; Humans; India	2018
Evidence of a suffocation alarm system sensitive to clinically-effective treatments with the panicolytics clonazepam and fluoxetine. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Asphyxia; Clonazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escape Reac	2014
Treatment of internet addiction in patient with panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder: a case report. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2015, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Humans; Internet; Obsessive-C	2015
Panic attacks in the differential diagnosis and treatment of resistant epilepsy. Depression and anxiety, 2002, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Clonazepam; Diagnosis, Diffe	2002
[Disguised Tourette's syndrome. A contribution to the differential diagnosis on phobia and fear]. Der Nervenarzt, 2002, Volume: 73, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Clomipramine; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality	2002
Panic disorder patients at the time of air strikes. Depression and anxiety, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Aircraft; Alprazolam; Catchment Area, Health; Clonazepam; Female; Follow-Up Stud	2002
Panic attacks with spontaneous ejaculation successfully treated with citalopram and clonazepam. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Citalopram; Clonazepam; Ejaculation; Humans; Male; Panic Disorder; Sexual Dysfunction, Physio	2004
Impaired GABA neuronal response to acute benzodiazepine administration in panic disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 2004, Volume: 161, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Clonazepam; Female; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutama	2004
Interactive case conference. First episode: depression and panic disorder. CNS spectrums, 2005, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Citalopram; Clonazepam; Depression;	2005
A three-year follow-up study of patients with the respiratory subtype of panic disorder after treatment with clonazepam. Psychiatry research, 2005, Nov-15, Volume: 137, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule;	2005
Agitated depression, panic anxiety, and clonazepam. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 67, Issue:12 Topics: Clonazepam; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; GABA Modulators; Humans; Panic Disorder; Psychomotor A	2006
Comorbid social phobia: pharmacologic strategies. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1995, Volume: 56, Issue:8 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonazepam; Comorbidity; Humans; Mental Disorders; Monoamine Oxidase Inhib	1995
Effects of treatment with imipramine and clonazepam on an animal model of panic disorder. Biological psychiatry, 1994, Dec-01, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Double-Blind Method;	1994
Pregnancy and panic disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 55, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonazepam; Female; Humans; Panic Disorder; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications;	1994
Focal paroxysmal EEG changes during atypical panic attacks. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1993,Winter, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Diseases; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Mag	1993
Addition of d-fenfluramine to benzodiazepines produces a marked improvement in refractory panic disorder--a case report. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1996, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonazepam; Drug Resistance; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; P	1996
Treatment of Koro and panic attacks after stroke. Anxiety, 1996, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Infarction; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Comb	1996
Dangerous interaction with nefazodone added to fluoxetine, desipramine, venlafaxine, valproate and clonazepam combination therapy. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 1997, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Clonazepam; Cyclohexanols; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Drug Ther	1997
Clinical differences between the generic and nongeneric forms of clonazepam. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Drugs, Generic; Female; GABA Modulators; Humans; Middle Aged; Neurologic Examinat	1997
Comments on the APA Panic Disorder Guideline. American Psychiatric Association. The American journal of psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 155, Issue:12 Topics: Clonazepam; Humans; Panic Disorder; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Treatment Outcome	1998
Urinary retention with sertraline, haloperidol, and clonazepam combination. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1998, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonazepam; Comorbidity; Constipation; Delusions; Drug Therapy, Combina	1998
Treating comorbid ADHD, major depression, and panic. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1999,Fall, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Clonazepam;	1999
A 28-year-old woman with panic disorder. JAMA, 2001, Jul-25, Volume: 286, Issue:4 Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Clonazepam; Cognitive Behavi	2001
Smoking and panic disorder. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2001, Volume: 52, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Panic Disorder; Psychiatric Status Rat	2001
[Treatment of patients with panic disorder and an elevated urinary excretion of MHPG using imipramine or clonazepam]. Investigacion clinica, 1992, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Clonazepam; Depression; Female; Humans; Imipramine; Lactates; Lactic Acid;	1992
Auditory startle reflex in post-traumatic stress disorder patients treated with clonazepam. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 1992, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Clonazepam; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Mal	1992
Sodium valproate and clonazepam for treatment-resistant panic disorder. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 1992, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Clonazepam; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; gamma-Aminobutyri	1992
Attenuation of carbon dioxide-induced panic after clonazepam treatment. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1991, Volume: 84, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Clonazepam; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic; Panic Disorder; Psychia	1991
Treatment of panic disorder and benzodiazepine withdrawal with valproate. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1991,Spring, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Clonazepam; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Panic Diso	1991
Anticonvulsant-responsive panic attacks with temporal lobe EEG abnormalities. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1990,Spring, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Brain Damage, Chronic; Carbamazepine; Clonazepam; Electroencepha	1990
Correlation of severity of panic disorder and neuroanatomical changes on magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 1989,Fall, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Arousal; Clonazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous	1989

clonazepam and Panic Disorder