Page last updated: 2024-10-25

clofibric acid and Elevated Cholesterol

clofibric acid has been researched along with Elevated Cholesterol in 47 studies

Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.
clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In a pilot study the therapeutic effect of 2 x 500 mg etofibrate (Lipo Merz retard) on lipids and lipoproteins, fibrinolytic activity and clinical parameters was studied for four weeks in hyperlipidemic patients suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans (Fontaine stage II/III)."7.67[Effectiveness of etofibrate in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Pilot study in hyperlipidemic patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans]. ( Basista, M; Bieroń, K; Czarnecka, H; Dembińska-Kieć, A; Grodzińska, L; Kedzior, A; Kostka-Trabka, E; Slawiński, M; Trabka, E; Zmuda, A, 1989)
"Clofibrate was administered to 5 selected outpatients suffering from type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia who had previously undergone dietetic treatment, and one female patient suffering from hypo-HDL-aemia in order to elucidate the question as to whether medium long term clofibrate therapy apart from producing an initial increase relative to the LDL concentration may also lead to an absolute increase in the concentration of HDL cholesterol in serum."5.26[Clofibrate therapy in hypercholesterolemia. Reports on medium-long-term movements of HDL- cholesterol by the action of clofibrate]. ( Mertz, DP, 1980)
"In a pilot study the therapeutic effect of 2 x 500 mg etofibrate (Lipo Merz retard) on lipids and lipoproteins, fibrinolytic activity and clinical parameters was studied for four weeks in hyperlipidemic patients suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans (Fontaine stage II/III)."3.67[Effectiveness of etofibrate in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Pilot study in hyperlipidemic patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans]. ( Basista, M; Bieroń, K; Czarnecka, H; Dembińska-Kieć, A; Grodzińska, L; Kedzior, A; Kostka-Trabka, E; Slawiński, M; Trabka, E; Zmuda, A, 1989)
"All patients with type 2 diabetes should reach an LDL cholesterol of <100 mg/dl, the very-high risk patients with both diabetes and coronary artery disease an LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl."2.46[Lipid therapy in patients with diabetes]. ( Drexel, H; Saely, CH, 2010)
"Ursodeoxycholic acid the standard treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis improves the cholestasis and hereby lowers circulating levels of cholesterol."2.44Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis might be more beneficial than indicated. ( Balmer, ML; Dufour, JF, 2008)
"Furthermore, hypertriglyceridemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease."2.43Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol metabolism. ( Duriez, P; Fruchart, JC, 2006)
"4%) achieved goal following treatment changes, including upward dosage adjustments."1.34Lipid-modifying therapy and attainment of cholesterol goals in Hungary: the return on expenditure achieved for lipid therapy (REALITY) study. ( Márk, L; Ofner, P; Pados, G; Paragh, G; Zámolyi, K, 2007)
"The role of dyslipidemia is essential in the development of atherosclerosis, therefore continuing care of dyslipidemic patients is an extremely important task in cardiovascular prevention."1.33[Continuing care of patients with cardiovascular risk in general practice: patients with dyslipidemia and their care]. ( Ilyés, I; Jancsó, Z; Simay, A; Varga, Z, 2005)
"Ciprofibrate is a hypolipidaemic compound that acts primarily by enhancing the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and, consequently, decreasing the production of hepatic VLDL."1.32The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist ciprofibrate severely aggravates hypercholesterolaemia and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. ( Borensztajn, J; Fu, T; Kashireddy, P, 2003)
"Ciprofibrate treatment (100 mg/day for 1 month) effected marked reductions in both total plasma LDL and apo B-100 levels (approximately 19% and approximately 23%, respectively)."1.29Ciprofibrate therapy normalises the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein subspecies profile in combined hyperlipidemia. ( Bruckert, E; Chapman, MJ; Dejager, S, 1993)
"Treatment with etofibrate led to a marked decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol."1.28Etofibrate treatment alters low density lipoprotein susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. ( Burkard, M; Huth, K; Quack, G; Richter, CM; Wülfroth, P, 1992)
"Clofibrate was administered to 5 selected outpatients suffering from type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia who had previously undergone dietetic treatment, and one female patient suffering from hypo-HDL-aemia in order to elucidate the question as to whether medium long term clofibrate therapy apart from producing an initial increase relative to the LDL concentration may also lead to an absolute increase in the concentration of HDL cholesterol in serum."1.26[Clofibrate therapy in hypercholesterolemia. Reports on medium-long-term movements of HDL- cholesterol by the action of clofibrate]. ( Mertz, DP, 1980)

Research

Studies (47)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199015 (31.91)18.7374
1990's10 (21.28)18.2507
2000's20 (42.55)29.6817
2010's2 (4.26)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Gadarla, M1
Kearns, AK1
Thompson, PD1
Balmer, ML1
Dufour, JF1
Moulin, P1
Ferrières, J1
Gousse, ET1
Fabry, C1
Hermans, MP1
Lahoz, C1
Mostaza, JM1
Cohen, H1
Bielorai, B1
Harats, D1
Toren, A1
Pinhas-Hamiel, O1
Saely, CH1
Drexel, H1
Fu, T2
Kashireddy, P1
Borensztajn, J2
Kastelein, J1
HELLMAN, L1
ZUMOFF, B1
KESSLER, G1
KARA, E1
RUBIN, IL1
ROSENFELD, RS1
Kozarsky, KF1
Devroey, D1
Velkeniers, B1
Duquet, W1
Betz, W1
Okopień, B1
Krysiak, R1
Kowalski, J1
Madej, A1
Belowski, D1
Zieliński, M1
Herman, ZS1
Dunbar, RL1
Rader, DJ1
Klose, G1
Jancsó, Z1
Varga, Z1
Simay, A1
Ilyés, I1
Fruchart, JC1
Duriez, P1
Geiss, HC1
Parhofer, K1
Rigotti R, A1
Arteaga Ll, A1
Maiz G, A1
Zvenigorodskaia, LA1
Mel'nikova, NV1
Bondarenko, EIu1
Paragh, G1
Márk, L1
Zámolyi, K1
Pados, G1
Ofner, P1
Abdel-Maksoud, M1
Sazonov, V1
Gutkin, SW1
Hokanson, JE1
Słowińska, R1
Bochenek, W1
Unlot, J1
Canzler, H1
Mordasini, R2
Riesen, W2
Oster, P2
Keller, M1
Middelhoff, G1
Lang, PD1
Marín Plaza, R1
Díaz González, JM1
Varela de Seijas, JR1
Riva, G1
Davignon, J1
Lussier-Cacan, S1
Dubreuil-Quidoz, S1
LeLorier, J1
Reuter, W1
Fringes, B1
Riede, UN1
von Deimling, O1
Mertz, DP1
Devuyst, O2
Goffin, E2
Pirson, Y2
van Ypersele de Strihou, C2
Bruckert, E1
Dejager, S1
Chapman, MJ1
Shepherd, J2
Muls, E1
Van Gaal, L1
Autier, P1
Vansant, G1
Priego, JG1
Maroto, ML1
Piña, M1
Catalán, RE1
Rahlfs, VW1
Zimmermann, H1
Safer, A1
Wülfroth, P1
Richter, CM1
Burkard, M1
Huth, K1
Quack, G1
Perault, MC1
Fievre, JL1
Dejean, C1
Martin, A1
Vandel, B1
Sallustio, BC1
Knights, KM1
Roberts, BJ1
Zacest, R1
Zimetbaum, P1
Frishman, WH1
Kahn, S1
Michel, G1
Bouckaert, A1
Dembińska-Kieć, A1
Kostka-Trabka, E1
Grodzińska, L1
Bieroń, K1
Kedzior, A1
Basista, M1
Zmuda, A1
Trabka, E1
Slawiński, M1
Czarnecka, H1
Series, JJ1
Caslake, MJ1
Kilday, C1
Cruickshank, A1
Demant, T1
Packard, CJ1
Simpson, IA1
Lorimer, AR1
Walker, ID1
Davidson, JF1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Liver Injury by Statins in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients With History of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection[NCT02808299]600 participants (Anticipated)Observational2016-12-31Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

10 reviews available for clofibric acid and Elevated Cholesterol

ArticleYear
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis might be more beneficial than indicated.
    Swiss medical weekly, 2008, Jul-26, Volume: 138, Issue:29-30

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyp

2008
[HDL-cholesterol: from risk factor to therapeutic target].
    Medicina clinica, 2009, Jul-11, Volume: 133, Issue:6

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Niacin; Ris

2009
[Lipid therapy in patients with diabetes].
    Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2010, Volume: 160, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relatio

2010
What future for combination therapies?
    International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2003, Issue:134

    Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Clofibric Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fish Oils; Forecasting; Humans; Hyp

2003
Demystifying triglycerides: a practical approach for the clinician.
    Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2005, Volume: 72, Issue:8

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Clofibric Acid; Fish Oils; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors;

2005
Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol metabolism.
    Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998), 2006, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atherosclerosis; Bezafibrate; Biological Transport; Cholesterol,

2006
[Intensive cholesterol lowering therapy to reduce cardiovascular risk].
    Revista medica de Chile, 2006, Volume: 134, Issue:5

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Azetidines; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Coronary Arter

2006
Effects of modifying triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on cardiovascular outcomes.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 51, Issue:4

    Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Complications; Humans

2008
Mechanism of action of fibrates.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1993, Volume: 69 Suppl 1

    Topics: Apolipoproteins B; Bezafibrate; Clofibric Acid; Female; Fenofibrate; Fibric Acids; Gemfibrozil; Huma

1993
Effects of gemfibrozil and other fibric acid derivatives on blood lipids and lipoproteins.
    Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1991, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Bezafibrate; Cholesterol, HDL; Clofibric Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fenofibrate; Fibric Acids;

1991

Trials

7 trials available for clofibric acid and Elevated Cholesterol

ArticleYear
Monocyte release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in primary type IIa and IIb dyslipidemic patients treated with statins or fibrates.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Clofibric Acid; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, T

2005
[Pleiotropic effects of fibric acid derivatives (Lipanthyl-200) among patients with metabolic syndrome].
    Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology, 2007, Issue:1

    Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clofibric Acid; Female; Fenofibrate; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypolipi

2007
[Study of the antilipemic effect of etofibrate (Lipo-Merz)].
    Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1983, Apr-25, Volume: 38, Issue:17

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Female;

1983
[Clinical trial of a new drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis: pirozadil (722-D) (author's transl)].
    Medicina clinica, 1982, May-16, Volume: 78, Issue:10

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofibric Acid; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hy

1982
[Behavior of high-density lipoproteins in drug lipid-lowering treatment].
    Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1982, Jan-16, Volume: 112, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Apoproteins; Bezafibrate; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Clofibric Acid; Colestipol; Humans;

1982
[Etofibrate and clofibrate in double blind study].
    Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1976, Jul-30, Volume: 101, Issue:31

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hypercholest

1976
[An epidemiological study of hypercholesterolemia in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg].
    Bulletin de la Societe des sciences medicales du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg, 1990, Volume: 127, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Clofibric Acid; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Fib

1990

Other Studies

30 other studies available for clofibric acid and Elevated Cholesterol

ArticleYear
Efficacy of rosuvastatin (5 mg and 10 mg) twice a week in patients intolerant to daily statins.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2008, Jun-15, Volume: 101, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticholesteremic Agents; Azetidines; Biological Products; Cholesterol, HDL; C

2008
CEPHEUS Trial.
    Archives of cardiovascular diseases, 2008, Volume: 101, Issue:9

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Clofibric Acid; Drug Utilization; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hydroxymeth

2008
Assessment of lipid-lowering treatment in France--the CEPHEUS study.
    Archives of cardiovascular diseases, 2008, Volume: 101, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Drug Utilization; Europe; Family Practice;

2008
Conservative treatment of L-asparaginase-associated lipid abnormalities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    Pediatric blood & cancer, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Asparaginase; Chi

2010
The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist ciprofibrate severely aggravates hypercholesterolaemia and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein E.
    The Biochemical journal, 2003, Aug-01, Volume: 373, Issue:Pt 3

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins; Arteriosclerosis; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Clofibric Acid; F

2003
REDUCTION OF CHOLESTEROL AND LIPIDS IN MAN BY ETHYL P-CHLOROPHENOXYISOBUTYRATE.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1963, Volume: 59

    Topics: Butyrates; Cholesterol; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Lipids; Male

1963
Overexpression of SR-BI by adenoviral vector reverses the fibrateinduced hypercholesterolemia of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2003, Dec-26, Volume: 278, Issue:52

    Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; CD36 Antigens; CHO Cells; Cholesterol; Clofibric Acid; Cri

2003
The benefit of fibrates in the treatment of 'bad HDL-C responders to statins'.
    International journal of cardiology, 2005, May-25, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Female; H

2005
[New studies of high dosage statins and fibrates. How is lipid lowering therapy changing? (interview by Dr. med. Dirk Einecke)].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2005, Dec-08, Volume: 147, Issue:49-50

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Coronary Artery Disease; Dose-Response R

2005
[Continuing care of patients with cardiovascular risk in general practice: patients with dyslipidemia and their care].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2005, Dec-25, Volume: 146, Issue:52

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Clofibric Acid; Continuity

2005
[Diabetic dyslipoproteinemia].
    MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2006, Apr-06, Volume: 148, Issue:14

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabet

2006
Lipid-modifying therapy and attainment of cholesterol goals in Hungary: the return on expenditure achieved for lipid therapy (REALITY) study.
    Clinical drug investigation, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Clofibric Acid; Cost-Benefit A

2007
Help for your cholesterol when statins won't do. If you are one of the many, but also one of the few...
    Harvard men's health watch, 2005, Volume: 9, Issue:8

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Azetidines; Clofibric Acid; Ezetimibe; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA R

2005
[Drug therapy of hypercholesterinemias (author's transl)].
    MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1980, Mar-28, Volume: 122, Issue:13

    Topics: Adult; Bezafibrate; Cholestyramine Resin; Clofibric Acid; Colestipol; Dextrothyroxine; Fenofibrate;

1980
Reduced LDL- and increased HDL-apoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolaemia under treatment with bezafibrate.
    Atherosclerosis, 1981, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein A-II; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins B; Bezafibrat

1981
Experience with probucol in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
    Artery, 1982, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Cholesterol; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Ag

1982
[Current treatment with clofibrate or clofibric acid (Regadrin)].
    Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung, 1982, May-15, Volume: 76, Issue:10

    Topics: Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipoprot

1982
Bezafibrate treatment in primary hypercholesterolaemia. Possibility of intermittent treatment.
    Atherosclerosis, 1982, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Bezafibrate; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; H

1982
[Clofibrate therapy in hypercholesterolemia. Reports on medium-long-term movements of HDL- cholesterol by the action of clofibrate].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1980, Dec-04, Volume: 98, Issue:45

    Topics: Adult; Bezafibrate; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hyperc

1980
Hypercholesterolemia treatment in a renal transplant patient.
    Clinical nephrology, 1994, Volume: 41, Issue:5

    Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Bezafibrate; Clofibric Acid; Female; Fenofibrate; Fibric Acids; Humans; Hy

1994
Creatinine rise after fibrate therapy in renal graft recipients.
    Lancet (London, England), 1993, Mar-27, Volume: 341, Issue:8848

    Topics: Bezafibrate; Clofibric Acid; Creatinine; Female; Fenofibrate; Fibric Acids; Humans; Hypercholesterol

1993
Ciprofibrate therapy normalises the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein subspecies profile in combined hyperlipidemia.
    Atherosclerosis, 1993, Volume: 100, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoproteins B; Clofibric Acid; Fibric Acids; Humans; Hypercholester

1993
Effects of initial BMI and on-treatment weight change on the lipid-lowering efficacy of fibrates.
    International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1997, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Body Mass Index; Clofibric Acid; Female; Fenofibrate; Fibric Acids; Gemfibrozil; Humans; Hypercholes

1997
Effects of etofibrate, clofibrate and nicotinic acid on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats.
    General pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 10, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Diet; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism;

1979
Etofibrate treatment alters low density lipoprotein susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.
    Drugs under experimental and clinical research, 1992, Volume: 18, Issue:11-12

    Topics: Animals; Cholesterol, Dietary; Cholesterol, LDL; Clofibric Acid; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemi

1992
[Cytolytic hepatic damage caused by ciprofibrate].
    Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique, 1992, Volume: 16, Issue:6-7

    Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clofibric Acid; Female; Fibric Acids; Humans; Hypercho

1992
In vivo covalent binding of clofibric acid to human plasma proteins and rat liver proteins.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1991, Sep-12, Volume: 42, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Clofibric Acid; Creatinine; Glucuronates; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Liv

1991
[Effectiveness of etofibrate in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Pilot study in hyperlipidemic patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1989, Jul-10, Volume: 107, Issue:20

    Topics: Adult; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans; Cholesterol, HDL; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Female; Humans; Hy

1989
Influence of etofibrate on low density lipoprotein metabolism.
    Atherosclerosis, 1988, Volume: 69, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; L

1988
Effect of Ciprofibrate on platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
    Thrombosis and haemostasis, 1985, Aug-30, Volume: 54, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cholesterol; Clofibrate; Clofibric Acid; Fibric Acids; Fibrinogen; Fibr

1985