clofazimine and Erythema Nodosum studies

Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)
clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.

Erythema Nodosum: An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Six male patients of lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum reaction (ENL) reactions diagnosed clinically and by slit skin smear were treated with aspirin and clofazimine."	7.83	A Traditional NSAID Aspirin along with Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reaction: Study of Six Cases. ( Sharma, PK; Singh, DK, 2016)
"Clofazimine enterophathy is a serious complication of clofazimine when used at high doses for treatment of type 2 lepra or or erythema nodosum leprosum."	7.75	[Persistent type 2 lepra reaction (erythema nodosum) and clofazimine-induced lethal enteropathy]. ( Gómez, Y; López, F; Pinto, R; Rodríguez, G, 2009)
" The majority of these patients become steroid-dependent and suffer from the adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid use."	7.01	Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum-A randomized clinical trial. ( Dogra, S; Hanumanthu, V; Narang, T; Thakur, V, 2021)
"Clofazimine was administered initially 100 mg three times daily for one month and then gradually reduced to a dose of 100 mg biweekly for the last three months."	5.27	Effect of one year clofazimine therapy on autonomic functions in lepromatous leprosy with lepra (ENL) reaction. ( Balsara, JJ; Bulakh, PM; Burte, NP; Chandorkar, AG; Muley, MP, 1983)
"Twenty patients of lepromatous leprosy with lepra reaction and suspected dapsone resistance were treated with tapering doses of clofazimine."	5.05	Clofazimine in lepra (ENL) reaction, one year clinical trial. ( Balsara, JJ; Bulakh, PM; Burte, NP; Chandorkar, AG; Muley, MP, 1983)
" The patient responded well to fluoroquinolone, rifampicin and clofazimine, with however, the occurrence of erythema nodosum leprosum."	4.82	[Histoid leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum]. ( Alioua, Z; Benomar, S; Boudi, O; Bouzidi, A; Elhaouri, M; Ghfir, M; Sbai, M; Sedrati, OL, 2003)
"Six male patients of lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum reaction (ENL) reactions diagnosed clinically and by slit skin smear were treated with aspirin and clofazimine."	3.83	A Traditional NSAID Aspirin along with Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reaction: Study of Six Cases. ( Sharma, PK; Singh, DK, 2016)
"Clofazimine enterophathy is a serious complication of clofazimine when used at high doses for treatment of type 2 lepra or or erythema nodosum leprosum."	3.75	[Persistent type 2 lepra reaction (erythema nodosum) and clofazimine-induced lethal enteropathy]. ( Gómez, Y; López, F; Pinto, R; Rodríguez, G, 2009)
"A 66-year-old Indian male who had been treated for recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum with 300 mg of clofazimine per day for 11 months presented to hospital with a 4 week history of severe gastrointestinal upset."	3.69	Clofazimine induced cardiotoxicity--a case report. ( Butany, JW; Choudhri, SH; Harris, L; Keystone, JS, 1995)
"A patient of lepromatous leprosy, who received a high dose of clofazimine as part of multidrug therapy, for chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) had frequent 'haemoptysis'."	3.68	Red discoloration of the sputum by clofazimine simulating haemoptysis--a case report. ( Chauhan, SL; Girdhar, A; Girdhar, BK; Malaviya, GN; Venkatesan, K, 1992)
"Oral zinc sulfate was tried in Eight cases of recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum."	3.66	Oral zinc in recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum reaction. ( Bumb, RA; Mangal, HN; Mathur, NK, 1983)
" Reactive episodes continue to be a serious complication, but the availability of thalidomide to control erythema nodosum leprosum has markedly improved the prognosis."	3.65	The diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. ( Jacobson, RR; Trautman, JR, 1976)
" The majority of these patients become steroid-dependent and suffer from the adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid use."	3.01	Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum-A randomized clinical trial. ( Dogra, S; Hanumanthu, V; Narang, T; Thakur, V, 2021)
"No confirmed relapse has been observed within a follow-up period of 6 months to 7 years and 3 months [59 person-years at risk (PYR)] for TT/BT patients and of 4 months to 5 years and 10 months (100 PYR) for BB/BL/LL patients."	2.68	Daily multidrug therapy for leprosy; results of a fourteen-year experience. ( Cottenot, F; de Carsalade, GY; Flageul, B; Pennec, J; Spindler, E; Wallach, D, 1997)
"Clofazimine treatment was superior to prednisolone (more treatment successes; RR 3."	2.45	Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. ( Lockwood, DN; Ramirez, J; Richardus, JH; van Brakel, WH; Van Veen, NH, 2009)
"Clofazimine treatment was superior to prednisolone (more treatment successes; RR 3."	2.45	Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. A Cochrane review. ( Lockwood, DN; Ramirez, J; Richardus, JH; Van Brakel, WH; Van Veen, NH, 2009)
"Lepromatous leprosy is associated with a high bacillary load and poor cellular immune response."	1.56	Lepromatous leprosy presenting with type II reaction before and type I reaction after treatment. ( Bidari-Zerehpoosh, F; Bizaval, Z; Mozafari, N; Niknejad, N; Robati, RM, 2020)
" Prednisolone in standard dosage schedule as recommended by WHO is now being widely used in control programmes."	1.32	Reactions and their management. ( Ganapati, R; Pai, VV, 2004)
"Clofazimine was administered initially 100 mg three times daily for one month and then gradually reduced to a dose of 100 mg biweekly for the last three months."	1.27	Effect of one year clofazimine therapy on autonomic functions in lepromatous leprosy with lepra (ENL) reaction. ( Balsara, JJ; Bulakh, PM; Burte, NP; Chandorkar, AG; Muley, MP, 1983)
" ENL was also more frequent in regimens C and D and was not prevented by CLO in the dosage used."	1.27	Prospective study on the relationship between intensive bactericidal therapy and leprosy reactions. ( Coussens, L; Groenen, G; Janssens, L; Kayembe, T; Nollet, E; Pattyn, SR, 1986)
"Only in lepromatous cases was complete ageusia seen (9."	1.27	Electrogustometry in Hansen's disease (study of 225 cases). ( Chaturvedi, VN; Jain, SK; Raizada, RM; Rathi, SS, 1986)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	17 (40.48)	18.7374
1990's	10 (23.81)	18.2507
2000's	7 (16.67)	29.6817
2010's	6 (14.29)	24.3611
2020's	2 (4.76)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Methotrexate and Prednisolone Study in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (MaPS in ENL[NCT03775460]		550 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-15	Recruiting
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Patients of Chronic and Recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum[NCT04822909]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-15	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Jul-08, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Prednisolo	2009
Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. A Cochrane review. Leprosy review, 2009, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Prednisolo	2009
[Histoid leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum]. Acta leprologica, 2003, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Fluoroquinolones; Histiocytes; Humans; Leprostatic Ag	2003
The immunopharmacology of antileprosy agents. Leprosy review, 1983, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cel	1983
Bangkok Workshop on Leprosy Research. Treatment of reactions and nerve damage. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1996, Volume: 64, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clofazimine; Cyclosporine; Drug A	1996

Article	Year
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum-A randomized clinical trial. Dermatologic therapy, 2021, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Minocycline; Prospe	2021
Using methotrexate to treat patients with ENL unresponsive to steroids and clofazimine: a report on 9 patients. Leprosy review, 2013, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Clofazimine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Leprostatic Agents;	2013
Clofazimine in lepra (ENL) reaction, one year clinical trial. Leprosy in India, 1983, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Leprosy; Male; Middl	1983
Effect of rhuIFN-gamma treatment in multibacillary leprosy patients. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1996, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Leprost	1996
Daily multidrug therapy for leprosy; results of a fourteen-year experience. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial;	1997
Effect of zafirlukast on leprosy reactions. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1999, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clofazimine; Cohort Studies; D	1999

Article	Year
Lepromatous leprosy presenting with type II reaction before and type I reaction after treatment. Dermatology online journal, 2020, Sep-15, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Lepr	2020
A Traditional NSAID Aspirin along with Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reaction: Study of Six Cases. Indian journal of leprosy, 2016, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combina	2016
[Persistent type 2 lepra reaction (erythema nodosum) and clofazimine-induced lethal enteropathy]. Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Child; Child, Preschool; Clofazimine; Constipation; Di	2009
An unusual cause of small-intestine mucosal pigmentation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2011, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Clofazimine; Duodenal Diseases; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Lepros	2011
Does clofazimine prevent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in leprosy? A retrospective study, comparing the experience of multibacillary patients receiving either 12 or 24 months WHO-MDT. Leprosy review, 2011, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Clofazimine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema N	2011
Atypical Hansen's disease presenting as florid verrucous plaques on the lower extremities: a case report. International journal of dermatology, 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Biopsy; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Glucocorticoids; Humans;	2012
Florid reactive periostitis ossificans of long bones and digits associated with reaction in a patient with leprosy. Leprosy review, 2012, Volume: 83, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Lepromatous	2012
'B 663' POSSIBLE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION IN LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY. Leprosy review, 1965, Volume: 36 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Clofazimine; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Micr	1965
Chronic recurrent ENL, steroid dependent: long-term treatment with high dose clofazimine. Leprosy review, 2003, Volume: 74, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chronic Disease; Clofazimine; Dose-Response Relationship, D	2003
[Clofazimine. Current status of therapy with clofazimine (Lampren) for leprosy, erythema leprosum , and other dermatoses after donation of the medicine to the WHO by Novartis]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2005, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Charities; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Germany; Humans; Leprosy; Skin D	2005
Reactions and their management. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2004, Volume: 102, Issue:12 Topics: Arthritis; Cicatrix; Clofazimine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug-Related Side Effects and Ad	2004
The treatment of leprosy. Tubercle, 1983, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Animals; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythema Nodosum; Ethionamide; Hum	1983
Oral zinc in recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum reaction. Leprosy in India, 1983, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Fema	1983
Effect of one year clofazimine therapy on autonomic functions in lepromatous leprosy with lepra (ENL) reaction. Leprosy in India, 1983, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Histamine; Humans; Leprosy;	1983
Possible incompatibility of dapsone with clofazimine in the treatment of patients with erythema nodosum leprosum. Leprosy review, 1982, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Leprosy; Male	1982
Clofazimine and dapsone--a combination therapy in erythema nodosum leprosum syndrome. Leprosy in India, 1980, Volume: 52, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans	1980
Clofazimine induced cardiotoxicity--a case report. Leprosy review, 1995, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Male	1995
Tumor necrosis factor: status in reactions in leprosy before and after treatment. International journal of dermatology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Chloroquine; Clofazimine; Eryt	1993
[Patient with Hansen disease and lepromatous reaction with predominant neural involvement]. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Biopsy; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprostatic Agents; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Ma	1998
Risk factors for erythema nodosum leprosum. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1999, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Clofazimine; Cohor	1999
A new therapeutic approach to type II leprosy reaction. International journal of dermatology, 1999, Volume: 38, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clofazimine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Leprostatic A	1999
The diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. Southern medical journal, 1976, Volume: 69, Issue:8 Topics: Biopsy; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Immunotherapy; Leprosy; Recurrence; Rifampin	1976
Treatment of Hansen's disease. Cutis, 1976, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Chloroquine; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Leprosy; Pr	1976
Red discoloration of the sputum by clofazimine simulating haemoptysis--a case report. Leprosy review, 1992, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Clofazimine; Diagnostic Errors; Erythema Nodosum; Hemoptysis; Humans; Leprosy, Lepromato	1992
A follow up of T-cell subsets and of anti-M. leprae antibody titer as measured by the FLA-ABS test in Melanesian leprosy patients under polychemotherapy. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1986, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Child; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Er	1986
The effect of anti-reactional drugs on complement components in the type II, erythema nodosum leprosum, reaction. The British journal of dermatology, 1988, Volume: 119, Issue:2 Topics: Chloroquine; Clofazimine; Complement C3; Complement Factor B; Complement System Proteins; Erythema N	1988
Leukemoid reaction in erythema nodosum leprosum in a leprosy patient. Indian journal of leprosy, 1988, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Ferritins; Humans; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Leukemoid Reaction; M	1988
Prospective study on the relationship between intensive bactericidal therapy and leprosy reactions. International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1986, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Child; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Erythema Nodosum; Ethionamide;	1986
Electrogustometry in Hansen's disease (study of 225 cases). International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 1986, Volume: 54, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ageusia; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Facial Paralysis; Female; Humans	1986
Thymus-dependent lymphocytes of peripheral blood in leprosy patients. Infection and immunity, 1974, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Clofazimine; Dapsone; Erythema Nodosum; Erythrocytes; Humans	1974
The treatment of corticosteroid-dependent lepromatous patients in persistent Erythema nodosum leprosum with clofazimine. Leprosy review, 1973, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Clofazimine; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leprosy;	1973

clofazimine and Erythema Nodosum

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (42)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Hanumanthu, V	1
Thakur, V	1
Narang, T	1
Dogra, S	1
Robati, RM	1
Mozafari, N	1
Bidari-Zerehpoosh, F	1
Niknejad, N	1
Bizaval, Z	1
Sharma, PK	1
Singh, DK	1
Hossain, D	1
Van Veen, NH	2
Lockwood, DN	2
van Brakel, WH	2
Ramirez, J	2
Richardus, JH	2
Rodríguez, G	1
Pinto, R	1
López, F	1
Gómez, Y	1
Raftopoulos, SC	1
Fermoyle, S	1
Balagon, M	1
Saunderson, PR	1
Gelber, RH	1
Yuchua-Guillen, A	1
Dofitas, BL	1
Chakma, JK	1
Malaviya, GN	2
Girdhar, A	2
Hussein, S	1
BROWNE, SG	1
Schreuder, PA	1
Naafs, B	2
Alioua, Z	1
Sbai, M	1
Elhaouri, M	1
Bouzidi, A	1
Boudi, O	1
Ghfir, M	1
Benomar, S	1
Sedrati, OL	1
Sunderkötter, CH	1
Lan Ma, H	1
Ganapati, R	1
Pai, VV	1
Anderson, R	2
Burte, NP	2
Chandorkar, AG	2
Muley, MP	2
Balsara, JJ	2
Bulakh, PM	2
Waters, MF	1
Mathur, NK	1
Bumb, RA	1
Mangal, HN	1
Imkamp, FM	2
Gatner, EM	1
Dutta, RK	1
Choudhri, SH	1
Harris, L	1
Butany, JW	1
Keystone, JS	1
Bhattacharya, SN	1
Chattopadhaya, D	1
Saha, K	1
Sampaio, EP	1
Malta, AM	1
Sarno, EN	1
Kaplan, G	1
de Carsalade, GY	1
Wallach, D	1
Spindler, E	1
Pennec, J	1
Cottenot, F	1
Flageul, B	1
Gálvez, J	1
López-Domínguez, JM	1
Navarro, A	1
Creagh, R	1
Casado, JL	1
Chinchón Lara, I	1
Vides, EA	1
Cabrera, A	1
Ahern, KP	1
Levis, WR	1
Manandhar, R	1
LeMaster, JW	1
Roche, PW	1
Welsh, O	1
Gómez, M	1
Mancias, C	1
Ibarra-Leal, S	1
Millikan, LE	1
Jacobson, RR	2
Trautman, JR	2
Venkatesan, K	1
Chauhan, SL	1
Girdhar, BK	1
Garraud, O	1
Ribierre, O	1
Bach, MA	1
Sehgal, VN	1
Sharma, V	1
Sharma, VK	1
Chaudhary, SD	1
Sen, R	1
Jain, VK	1
Dixit, VB	1
Groenen, G	1
Janssens, L	1
Kayembe, T	1
Nollet, E	1
Coussens, L	1
Pattyn, SR	1
Rathi, SS	1
Chaturvedi, VN	1
Raizada, RM	1
Jain, SK	1
Lim, SD	1
Kiszkiss, DF	1
Choi, YS	1
Good, RA	1