clobazam and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

clobazam has been researched along with Lennox Gastaut Syndrome in 42 studies

Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.
clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.

Lennox Gastaut Syndrome: A childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome.

Research

Studies (42)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Percent Reduction in Number of Drop Seizures (12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and 12-week maintenance period

Percent Reduction in Number of Drop Seizures (First 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the first 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Percent Reduction in Number of Drop Seizures (Last 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the last 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Percent Reduction in Number of Drop Seizures (Middle 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the middle 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Percent Reduction in the Number of Non-drop Seizures.

This outcome measure evaluated the percent reduction (average per week) in non-drop Seizures. Non-drop seizures were other seizures not meeting the drop seizure definition. Drop seizures were defined as a drop attack or spell (atonic, tonic or myoclonic) involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in chair, or head hitting surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the position of the patient at the time of the attack or spell. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the 12-week maintenance period

Percent Reduction of Total (Drop and Non-Drop) Seizures.

This outcome measure evaluated the percent reduction in average weekly rate in total (drop and non-drop) seizures. Drop seizures were defined as a drop attack or spell (atonic, tonic or myoclonic) involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in chair, or head hitting surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the position of the patient at the time of the attack or spell. Non-drop seizures were other seizures not meeting the drop seizure definition. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and 12-week maintenance period

Investigator Global Evaluations of the Patient's Overall Change in Symptoms.

"The physician was asked to rate the patient's overall change in symptoms and overall change in seizure activity and Quality of Life since the beginning of clobazam treatment by checking very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, or very much worse." (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: Week 15

Parent/Caregiver Global Evaluations of the Patient's Overall Change in Symptoms.

"The parent/caregiver was asked to rate the patient's overall change in symptoms and overall change in seizure activity and Quality of Life since the beginning of clobazam treatment by checking very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, or very much worse." (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: Week 15

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a >=25%, >=50%, >=75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures (12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the 12-week maintenance period

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a >=25%, >=50%, >=75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures (First 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the first 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a >=25%, >=50%, >=75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures (Last 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the last 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a >=25%, >=50%, >=75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures (Middle 4 Weeks of the 12-week Maintenance Period).

Number of drop seizures (average per week) was obtained from seizure diaries. The average drop in seizures per week for patients who did not complete the maintenance period was calculated based on the time from the beginning of the maintenance period to date of withdrawal. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and the middle 4 weeks of the 12-week maintenance period

Tolerance

Study responders who have ≥50% reduction in their drop seizure rate during the first 4 or first 8 weeks of maintenance compared to the 4 week baseline period. (NCT00518713)
Timeframe: 4-week baseline period and first 4/first 8 weeks of the maintenance period

Percent Change in Tonic-Atonic Seizure Frequency From Baseline (Per 28 Days)

"The sum of the frequencies of tonic seizures and atonic seizures was defined as the tonic-atonic seizure frequency and the percent change in tonic-atonic seizure frequency per 28 days was assessed. The percent change in tonic-atonic seizure frequency was calculated using the tonic-atonic seizure frequency per 28 days of the Observation Period as the baseline and the tonic-atonic seizure frequency per 28 days of the Treatment Period as the post-treatment value. Percentage change in tonic - atonic seizure frequency was calculated as follows: [100 x (post-treatment value - baseline)/ baseline].~The frequency of epileptic seizures was recorded in the seizure diary by the recorder. Seizure frequency was counted based on the classification established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). The diary recorder monitored the participant and recorded the seizure diary in a consistent manner, and continued these practices throughout the study period." (NCT01146951)
Timeframe: Baseline (28 day observational period) and End of Treatment (28 day treatment period)

Percent Change in Total Seizure Frequency (Per 28 Days)

Percent change in the total seizure frequency (per 28 days) was calculated using the total seizure frequency per 28 days of the Observation Period as the baseline and the total seizure frequency per 28 days of the Treatment Period as the post-treatment value. Percentage change in total seizure frequency was calculated as follows: [100 x (post-treatment value - baseline)/ baseline]. (NCT01146951)
Timeframe: Baseline (28 day observational period) and End of Treatment (28 day treatment period)

Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC)

"CGIC in participants with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) relative to placebo was presented as number of participants in each category at the final assessment (last observation carried forward [LOCF]) & at Week 12 of the Treatment Period. The investigator assessed the CGIC by comparing the participants' condition during the 4 weeks immediately before the completion (or discontinuation [d/c]) of the Treatment Period to his/her condition during the 4-week Observation Period (for participants who d/c'd the study during the Treatment Period, the CGIC was assessed by comparing the participant's condition from the start to discontinuation of the study treatment to his/her condition during the 4-week Observation Period).~The CGIC was assessed according to the following 7-grade scale based on the frequency & severity of seizures, AEs, and overall conditions of daily life.~Markedly improved, Improved, Slightly improved, Unchanged, Slightly worsened, Worsened, Markedly worsened." (NCT01146951)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12 of the treatment period

Number of Participants Achieving a 50% Reduction in Tonic-atonic Seizure Frequency

50% Responder Rate in Tonic-Atonic Seizure Frequency was presented as the number of participants who achieved a 50% reduction in tonic-atonic seizure frequency. (NCT01146951)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Percentage Change in the Frequency of Seizures Other Than Tonic-atonic Seizures (Per 28 Days)

"Percent change in the frequency of seizures other than tonic-atonic seizures (per 28 days) was calculated using the total seizure frequency per 28 days of the Observation Period as the baseline and the total seizure frequency per 28 days of the Treatment Period as the post-treatment value. Percentage change in total seizure frequency was calculated as follows: [100 x (post-treatment value - baseline)/ baseline].~Seizures analyzed other than tonic-atonic seizures included:~Partial seizure freq. (frequency), Absence seizure, Atyp. (atypical) absence seizure, Myoclonic seizure, Clonic seizure, Tonic seizure, Tonic-clonic seizure, Atonic seizure, & Uncla. (unclassified) epileptic seizure.~The frequency of epileptic seizures was recorded in the diary by the recorder. Seizure frequency was counted based on the classification established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). The diary recorder monitored the participant and recorded the seizure diary in a consistent manner." (NCT01146951)
Timeframe: Baseline (28 day observational period) and End of Treatment (28 day treatment period)

Number Of Participants With A ≥50% Reduction From Baseline In Drop Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Drop seizures were recorded by the participant or caregiver using an IVRS diary. Drop seizures included the subset of tonic-clonic, tonic, or atonic seizures that were reported as drop seizures in IVRS. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as per the primary outcome measure. (NCT02224560)
Timeframe: Baseline to EOT (Day 99) or ET

Percentage Change From Baseline In Drop Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Drop seizures were recorded by the participant or caregiver using an interactive voice response system (IVRS) diary. Drop seizures were defined as the subset of tonic-clonic, tonic or atonic seizures that were reported as drop seizures in the IVRS. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as: ([frequency during the treatment period - frequency during baseline]/frequency during baseline) x 100. The frequency during each period was based on 28-day averages and calculated as: (number of seizures in the period/number of reported days in the IVRS period) x 28. Baseline included all available data prior to Day 1 (28-day average). Negative percentages show an improvement from baseline. (NCT02224560)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Treatment (EOT) (Day 99) or Early Termination (ET)

Percentage Change From Baseline In Total Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Total seizures included the sum of all seizures (tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic, clonic, myoclonic, countable partial, other partial, and absence seizures) recorded by the participant or caregiver using an IVRS diary. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as per the primary outcome measure. Negative percentages show an improvement from baseline. (NCT02224560)
Timeframe: Baseline to EOT (Day 99) or ET

Subject/Caregiver Global Impression Of Change (S/CGIC) Assessment

"The S/CGIC was used to assess the participant's overall condition on a 7-point scale, using the markers very much improved, much improved, slightly improved, no change, slightly worse, much worse, or very much worse (1 = very much improved; 7 = very much worse). On Day 1 (prior to starting IMP), the caregiver was asked to write a brief description of the participant's overall condition as a memory aid for the S/CGIC questionnaire at subsequent visits. If both a CGIC and SGIC were completed then the CGIC was used; if only a CGIC was completed then the CGIC was used; if only a SGIC was completed then the SGIC was used. Last visit for endpoints assessed at clinic visits was defined as the last scheduled visit (not including the end of taper or safety follow-up visits) at which participant's last evaluation was performed." (NCT02224560)
Timeframe: Baseline to Last Visit (Day 99) or ET

Number Of Participants With a ≥50% Reduction From Baseline in Drop Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Drop seizures were recorded by the participant or caregiver using an IVRS diary. Drop seizures included the subset of tonic-clonic, tonic or atonic seizures that were reported as drop seizures in IVRS. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as per the primary outcome measure. (NCT02224690)
Timeframe: Baseline to EOT (Day 99) or ET

Percentage Change From Baseline In Drop Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Drop seizures were recorded by the participant or caregiver using an interactive voice response system (IVRS) diary. Drop seizures were defined as the subset of tonic-clonic, tonic or atonic seizures that were reported as drop seizures in the IVRS. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as: (frequency during the treatment period - frequency during baseline/frequency during baseline) * 100. The frequency during each period was based on 28-day averages and calculated as: (number of seizures in the period/number of reported days in the IVRS period) *28. Baseline included all available data prior to Day 1 (28-day average). Negative percentages show an improvement from baseline. (NCT02224690)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Treatment (EOT) (Day 99) or Early Termination (ET)

Percentage Change From Baseline In Total Seizure Frequency During The Treatment Period

Total seizures included the sum of all seizures (tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic, clonic, myoclonic, countable partial, other partial and absence seizures) recorded by the participant or caregiver using an IVRS diary. Percentage change from baseline was calculated as per the primary outcome measure. Negative percentages show an improvement from baseline. (NCT02224690)
Timeframe: Baseline to EOT (Day 99) or ET

Subject/Caregiver Global Impression Of Change Assessment (S/CGIC)

"The S/CGIC was used to assess the participant's overall condition on a 7-point scale, using the markers very much improved, much improved, slightly improved, no change, slightly worse, much worse, or very much worse (1 = very much improved; 7 = very much worse). On Day 1 (prior to starting IMP), the caregiver was asked to write a brief description of the participant's overall condition as a memory aid for the S/CGIC questionnaire at subsequent visits. If both a CGIC and SGIC were completed then the CGIC was used; if only a CGIC was completed then the CGIC was used; if only a SGIC was completed then the SGIC was used. Last visit for endpoints assessed at clinic visits was defined as the last scheduled visit (not including the end of taper or safety follow-up visits) at which participant's last evaluation was performed." (NCT02224690)
Timeframe: Baseline to Last Visit (Day 99) or ET

Core Study Phase: Median Percent Change in Drop Seizure Frequency Per 28 Days During Double-blind Treatment Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline)

Drop seizure was defined as a drop attack or spell involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. Seizure frequency was based on the number of drop seizures per 28 days, calculated as the number of drop seizures over the entire time interval divided by the number of days in the interval and multiplied by 28. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Median Percent Change in Non-drop Seizure Frequency Per 28 Days During Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline)

Non-drop seizures were defined as non-drop attacks or spells. Drop attacks and spells involved the entire body, trunk, or head and lead to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface, or could lead to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. Seizure frequency was based on the number of drop seizures per 28 days, calculated as the number of drop seizures over the entire time interval divided by the number of days in the interval and multiplied by 28. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Median Percent Change in Total Seizure Frequency Per 28 Days During Double-blind Treatment Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline)

Total seizure was the number of seizures assessed and recorded by the participant's parent/caregiver in the participant seizure diary. Seizure diaries were used to collect seizure counts and types. Seizure frequency was based on the number of drop seizures per 28 days, calculated as the number of drop seizures over the entire time interval divided by the number of days in the interval and multiplied by 28. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With 50% Response in the Maintenance Period of the Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline) for Drop Seizures

Drop seizure was defined as a drop attack or spell involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. A responder was a participant who experienced a 50% or greater reduction in drop seizure frequency per 28 days during Maintenance from prerandomization. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With 50% Response in the Maintenance Period of the Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline) for Non-drop Seizures

Non-drop seizures were defined as non-drop attacks or spells. Drop attacks and spells involved the entire body, trunk, or head and lead to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface, or could lead to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. A responder was a participant who experienced a 50% or greater reduction in non-drop seizure frequency per 28 days during Maintenance from prerandomization. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With 50% Response in the Maintenance Period of the Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline) for Total Seizures

Total seizure was the number of seizures assessed and recorded by the participant's parent/caregiver in the participant seizure diary. Seizure diaries was used to collect seizure counts and types. A responder was a participant who experienced a 50% or greater reduction in drop seizure frequency per 28 days during Maintenance from prerandomization. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With 100% Response in the Maintenance Period of the Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline) for Drop Seizures, Non-drop Seizures and Total Seizures

Drop seizure was defined as a drop attack or spell involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. Non-drop seizures were defined as non-drop attacks or spells. Total seizure was the number of seizures assessed and recorded by the participant's parent/caregiver in the participant seizure diary. Seizure diaries was used to collect seizure counts and types. A responder was a participant who experienced a 100% or greater reduction in drop seizure/non-drop seizure/ frequency per 28 days during Maintenance from prerandomization. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With 75% Response in the Maintenance Period of the Double-blind Treatment Phase Relative to the Prerandomization Phase (Baseline) for Drop Seizures, Non-drop Seizures and Total Seizures

Drop seizure was defined as a drop attack or spell involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or the participant's head hitting a surface or that could have led to a fall or injury, depending on the participant's position at the time of the attack or spell. Non-drop seizures were defined as non-drop attacks or spells. Total seizure was the number of seizures assessed and recorded by the participant's parent/caregiver in the participant seizure diary. Seizure diaries were used to collect seizure counts and types. A responder was a participant who experienced a 75% or greater reduction in drop seizure/non-drop seizure/ frequency per 28 days during Maintenance from prerandomization. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Core Study Phase: Percentage of Participants With Clinical Global Impression of Change Scores (CGIC) in the Double-blind Treatment Phase

Assessment of disease severity utilized the CGIC scale at end of treatment to evaluate participants change in disease status from baseline. The CGIC is a 7-point likert scale that measures a physician's global impression of a participants clinical condition. Scale ranged from 1 to 7 with lower score indicated improvement (1=very much improved, 2=much improved, 3=minimally improved), higher score indicated worsening (5=minimally worse, 6= much worse, 7=very much worse), and a score of 4 indicated no change. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 18 weeks

Number of Participants With Any Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

A TEAE was defined as an adverse event with an onset date, or a worsening in severity from baseline (pre-treatment), on or after the first dose of study drug up to 28 days following study drug discontinuation. An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation in a participant administered an investigational product. An AE does not necessarily have a causal relationship with a medicinal product. A serious adverse event (SAE) was defined as any AE if it resulted in death or life-threatening AE or required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization or resulted in persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions or was a congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: From the date of the first administration of the study drug up to 28 days after the last dose of the study drug (up to 192 weeks)

Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Signs

Clinically significant means that a value must have met both the criterion value and satisfied the magnitude of change relative to baseline. Vital sign parameters included systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, pulse rate. (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: From the date of the first administration of the study drug up to 28 days after the last dose of the study drug (up to 192 weeks)

Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Markedly Abnormal Laboratory Values

Treatment-emergent markedly abnormal value for laboratory values was based Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse events (CTCAE) Version 4.0, and determined as if the post baseline CTCAE Version 4.0 grade increases from baseline and the post baseline grade was >=2 (>=3 for phosphate). Laboratory tests included: Hematology count with differential, Chemistry (Electrolytes, Liver function tests, Renal function parameters, Other: albumin, calcium, cholesterol, globulin, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, total protein, lipid panel, uric acid), Urinalysis, and Viral tests (Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis C). (NCT02834793)
Timeframe: From the date of the first administration of the study drug up to 28 days after the last dose of the study drug (up to 192 weeks)

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Total Problem T-scores at the End of 2-year Treatment Period

CBCL: 99-item questionnaire measures specific behavioral problems or developmental delays, answered by a parent/legal guardian or suitable caregiver. Each item were rated using 3-point scale (0=Not True, 1=Somewhat/Sometimes True, 2=Very True/ Often True) to indicate how often or typical the behavior was. The 99 items were combined to yield scores for 8 problem area scales (emotionally reactive, anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, withdrawn, sleep problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and other problems) and 3 summary scores (internalizing, externalizing, and total problems). Total Problem score was sum of all the problem areas plus 1 additional item, ranging from 0 to 198. Total raw scores are converted to t-scores with mean of 50 and standard deviation (SD) of 10. T-scores were standardized test scores that indicate same degree of elevation in problems relative to the normative sample of peers. Higher scores were indicative of more problems. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: End of Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Percent Change in Total Seizure Frequency Per 28 Days

The frequency per 28 days was defined as (S/D)*28 where, S was equal to the sum of the seizures reported in the participant seizure diary during the specified time interval and D was equal to the number of days with non-missing data in the participant seizure diary for the specified study phase. The number of seizures was assessed and recorded by the participant's parent(s)/caregiver(s) in the participant seizure diary. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of the Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Time to Withdrawal From Treatment Due to an Adverse Event or Lack of Efficacy

Withdrawal from either rufinamide or other AED was due to the occurrence of an adverse event or for lack of efficacy. Data was obtained till Week 106 and was extrapolated using Kaplan-Meier method to determine the overall survival time (in weeks) to withdrawal from treatment (excluding taper) due to an adverse event or lack efficacy. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline up to the End of the Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Change From Baseline in CBCL Sub Scores at Week 106

CBCL: 99-item questionnaire, measures behavioral problems/developmental delays, answered by parent/guardian/caregiver. Each item rated on 3-point scale (0=Not True,1=Somewhat/Sometimes True, 2=Very/Often True). 99 items were combined to give scores for 8 problem area scales, where 1 for each 8 syndrome (emotionally reactive, anxious/depressed, somatic, withdrawn, sleep, attention, aggressive behavior, and other problems) were calculated, range: 0 (normal) to 16 (clinical behavior) and 3 summary scores (internalizing, externalizing, and total problems). All 3 summary scores reported scaled to T-scores. Total Problem score was sum of all the problem areas plus 1 additional item, ranging from 0 to 198. Total raw score were converted to t-scores with mean of 50 and SD of 10. T-scores were standardized test scores that indicate same degree of elevation in problems relative to normative sample of peers. Higher scores were indicative of more problems. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 106

Change From Baseline in CBCL Total Problem T-Scores at End of 2-year Treatment Period

CBCL: 99-item questionnaire measures specific behavioral problems or developmental delays, answered by a parent/legal guardian or suitable caregiver. Each item were rated using 3-point scale (0=Not True, 1=Somewhat/Sometimes True, 2=Very True/ Often True) to indicate how often or typical the behavior was. The 99 items were combined to yield scores for 8 problem area scales (emotionally reactive, anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, withdrawn, sleep problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and other problems) and 3 summary scores (internalizing, externalizing, and total problems). Total Problem score was sum of all the problem areas plus 1 additional item, ranging from 0 to 198. Total raw scores are converted to t-scores with mean of 50 and standard deviation (SD) of 10. T-scores were standardized test scores that indicate same degree of elevation in problems relative to the normative sample of peers. Higher scores were indicative of more problems. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline and End of Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Change From Baseline in Language Development Survey (LDS) Scores During Maintenance Period

LDS, a caregiver-administered survey consisted of 8-item questionnaire and vocabulary list of 310 words organized within 14 semantic categories. List contained high frequency words (e.g. more), less common words (e.g. hamburger), and lexical chunks (e.g. Sesame Street). Average LDS score, calculated by dividing total number of words across all valid phrases by number of phrases with greater than (>) 0words; for participants with no words, average was 0. This value was compared to standardized chart to obtain percentile rating. LDS provided 2 scores: average phrase length (number of words/phrase) and number of endorsed vocabulary words. LDS phrase length was categorized into delay (less than or equal to [<=] 20th percentile) and no delay (>20th percentile). LDS vocabulary was categorized into delay(<=15th percentile)and no delay(>15th percentile). Both raw scores were used to provide 2 normative scores based on child's age in months. Higher scores indicated better language development. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 24, 56, 88, and 106

Change From Baseline in Sub-scores in QoLCE

The QoLCE was a 76-item questionnaire designed specifically to measure quality of life in children with epilepsy. QOLCE consists of 16 quality of life subscales (14 multi-item and 2 single item). Each subscales had number of items or questions with responses as excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. They were changed to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as per instructions. Then changed on a scale of 100, where 1=0, 2=25, 3=50, 4=75, and 5=100. Items corresponding to each subscale were marked and there mean score was score of that subscale. The form was completed by a parent or caregiver who interacted with the child on a consistent, daily basis and took about 20 to 30 minutes to complete. The higher the score, the better the child's quality of life. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 106

Change From Baseline in Total Score of Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QoLCE) Scale

The QoLCE was a 76-item questionnaire designed specifically to measure quality of life in children with epilepsy. QOLCE consists of 16 quality of life subscales (14 multi-item and 2 single item). Each subscales had number of items or questions with responses as excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. They were changed to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as per instructions. Then changed on a scale of 100, where 1 is equal to (=) 0, 2=25, 3=50, 4=75, and 5=100. Items corresponding to each subscale were marked and there mean score was score of that subscale. The form was completed by a parent or caregiver who interacted with the child on a consistent, daily basis and took about 20 to 30 minutes to complete. The higher the score, the better the child's quality of life. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 106

Incidence of Worsening of Seizures

Worsening of seizures was summarized by the incidence of participants with doubling in total seizure frequency, doubling in frequency of major seizures (generalized tonic-clonic, drop attacks), or occurrence of new seizure type during each successive 3 to 4 month visit interval of the Maintenance Period relative to baseline. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Percent Change in Seizure Frequency by Individual Seizure Type Per 28 Days

The frequency per 28 days was defined as (S/D)*28 where, S was equal to the sum of the seizures reported in the participant seizure diary during the specified time interval and D was equal to the number of days with non-missing data in the participant seizure diary for the specified study phase. The number of seizures was assessed and recorded by the participant's parent(s)/caregiver(s) in the participant seizure diary. (NCT01405053)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Treatment Period (up to approximately Week 106)

Median Percent Reduction in Average Weekly Rate of Drop Seizures Based on the 7-day Assessment

Number of drop seizures was obtained from seizure diaries (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Median Percent Reduction in Average Weekly Rate of Drop Seizures Based on the Last 30-day Assessment

Number of drop seizures was obtained from seizure diaries (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Investigator Global Evaluations of the Patient's Overall Change in Symptoms

"The physician was asked to rate the patient's overall change in symptoms since the beginning of clobazam treatment by checking very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, or very much worse." (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Parent/Caregiver Global Evaluations of the Patient's Overall Change in Symptoms

"The parent/caregiver was asked to rate the patient's overall change in symptoms since the beginning of clobazam treatment by checking very much improved, much improved, minimally improved, no change, minimally worse, much worse, or very much worse." (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a ≥25%, ≥50%, ≥75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures Based on the 7-day Assessment

Number of drop seizures obtained from seizure diaries (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Percent of Patients Considered Treatment Responders Defined as Those With a ≥25%, ≥50%, ≥75%, 100% Reduction in Drop Seizures Based on the Last 30-day Assessment

Number of drop seizures obtained from seizure diaries (NCT01160770)
Timeframe: Baseline to month 36

Reviews

21 reviews available for clobazam and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Trials

7 trials available for clobazam and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Other Studies

14 other studies available for clobazam and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome