citalopram and Refractory Depression

citalopram has been researched along with Refractory Depression in 32 studies

Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.
citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.

Research

Studies (32)

Authors

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"CGI-S provides measure of severity of participant's illness including participant's history, psychosocial circumstances, symptoms, behavior and impact of symptoms on ability to function. CGI-S evaluates severity of psychopathology on scale of 0 to 7. Considering total clinical experience, participant is assessed on severity of mental illness according to: 0=not assessed; 1=normal (not at all ill); 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill; 7=among most extremely ill patients. CGI-S permits global evaluation of participant's condition at given time. The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Change From Baseline in EQ 5D-5L- European Quality of Life - Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

EQ-5D-5L is a 2-part instrument for use as a measure of health outcome, designed for self-completion by respondents. It consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ VAS. The EQ VAS self-rating records the respondent's own assessment of his or her overall health status at the time of completion, on a scale of 0 (the worst health you can imagine) to 100 (the best health you can imagine). (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in EQ 5D-5L- Sum Score to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

"EQ-5D-5L consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). EQ-5D-5L descriptive system comprises of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each has 5 levels of perceived problems (1-no problem, 2-slight problems, 3-moderate problems, 4-severe problems, 5-extreme problems). Participant selects answer for each of 5 dimensions considering response that best matches his/her health today. Responses were used to generate a Health Status Index (HSI). Health Status Index range is -0.148 - 0.949, is anchored at 0 (dead) and 1 (full health). EQ VAS self-rating records the respondent's own assessment of his/her overall health status at time of completion, on a scale of 0 (worst health you can imagine) to 100 (best health you can imagine). Sum score ranges from 0 to 100 where, sum score = (sum of the scores from the 5 dimensions minus 5) *5. Higher score indicates worst health state." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in EQ 5D-5L-Health Status Index to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

"European Quality of Life Group-5 Dimension-5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) is a 2-part instrument for use as a measure of health outcome, designed for self-completion by respondents. It consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ VAS. EQ-5D-5L descriptive system comprises of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each has 5 levels of perceived problems (1-no problem, 2-slight problems, 3-moderate problems, 4-severe problems, 5-extreme problems). Participant selects answer for each of 5 dimensions considering response that best matches his/her health today. Responses were used to generate a Health Status Index (HSI). Health Status Index range is -0.148 - 0.949, is anchored at 0 (dead) and 1 (full health)." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"GAD-7 is a brief and validated 7-item self-report assessment of overall anxiety. Participants respond to each item using a 4-point scale with response categories of 0=not at all, 1=several days, 2=more than half the days, and 3=nearly every day. Item responses are summed to yield a total score with a range of 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more anxiety. The recall period is 2 weeks. The severity of the GAD-7 is categorized as follows: None (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14) and Severe (15 -21). The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score up to Day 28 in the Double-blind Induction Phase- Mixed-Effects Model Using Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis

MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase

Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) Analysis

"MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Change From Baseline in Patient Health Questionnaire - 9-Item Depression Module (PHQ-9) Total Score up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase- MMRM Analysis

PHQ-9 is 9-item, self-report scale assessing depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on 4-point scale (0=Not at all, 1=Several Days, 2=More than half days, 3=Nearly every day. Scale scores each of 9 symptom domains of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder criteria and it has been used both as screening tool and measure of response to treatment for depression. The participant's item responses are summed to provide a total score (range of 0 to 27) with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. Severity of PHQ-9 categorized as follows: None-minimal (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14), Moderately Severe (15-19), Severe (20-27). (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction phase

Change From Baseline in Patient Health Questionnaire - 9-Item Depression Module (PHQ-9) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis

"PHQ-9 is 9-item, self-report scale assessing depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on 4-point scale (0=Not at all, 1=Several Days, 2=More than half days, 3=Nearly every day). Scale scores each of 9 symptom domains of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder criteria and it has been used both as screening tool and measure of response to treatment for depression. The participant's item responses are summed to provide a total score (range of 0 to 27) with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. Severity of PHQ-9 categorized as follows: None-minimal (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14), Moderately Severe (15-19), Severe (20-27). The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Change From Baseline in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase- MMRM Analysis

The SDS is a participant-reported outcome measure and 5 item questionnaire used for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. First three items assess disruption of 1 work/school, 2 social life, 3 family life/home responsibilities using a 0(no impairment)-10 (most severe impairment). Score for first 3 items are summed to create total score of 0-30 where higher score indicates greater impairment and a negative change in score indicates improvement. It also has one item on days lost from school or work and one item on days when under productive. (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction phase

Change From Baseline in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis

"The SDS is a participant-reported outcome measure and 5 item questionnaire used for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. First three items assess disruption of 1 work/school, 2 social life, 3 family life/home responsibilities using a 0(no impairment)-10 (most severe impairment). Score for first 3 items are summed to create total score of 0-30 where higher score indicates greater impairment and a negative change in score indicates improvement. It also has one item on days lost from school or work and one item on days when under productive. The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Percentage of Participants in Remission (MADRS<=12) at the Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"Remission was defined as participants who had a MADRS total score of less than or equal to (=<) 12. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: At Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Percentage of Participants in Remission (SDS Total Score <=6 and Individual Item Scores Each <=2) at the End of 4-Week Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Remission defined as SDS total score <= 6 and individual item scores each <= 2. SDS is a participant reported outcome measure and is a 5-item questionnaire which has been widely used and accepted for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. The first three items assess disruption of (1) work/school, (2) social life, and (3) family life/home responsibilities using a 0-10 rating scale. The score for the first three items were summed to create a total score of 0-30 where a higher score indicates greater impairment. It also has one item on days lost from school or work and one item on days when under productive. (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: At Day 28 (End of Double-blind Induction Phase)

Percentage of Participants in Response (SDS Total Score <=12 and Individual Item Scores Each <=4) at the End of 4-Week Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Response defined as SDS total score <= 12 and individual item scores each <= 4. SDS is a participant-reported outcome measure and 5 item questionnaire used for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. First three items assess disruption of 1 work/school, 2 social life, 3 family life/home responsibilities using a 0(no impairment)-10 (most severe impairment). Score for first 3 items are summed to create total score of 0-30 where higher score indicates greater impairment and a negative change in score indicates improvement. It also has one item on days lost from school or work and one item on days when under productive. (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: At Day 28 [end of Double-blind Induction Phase]

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved >=50% Reduction From Baseline in MADRS Total Score at the Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. The percentage of participants with greater than or equal to (>=) 50 % reduction from baseline in MADRS total score was reported. The last post baseline observation during the phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: At Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

Percentage of Participants With Onset of Clinical Response on Day 2 and Day 8

A participant was defined as having a clinical response if there is at least 50 percent (%) improvement from baseline in the MADRS total score with onset by Day 2 and Day 8 that was maintained to Day 28. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. Participants who did not meet such criterion or discontinue during the study before Day 28 for any reason were considered as non-responders. (NCT02418585)
Timeframe: Day 2 up to Day 28 and Day 8 up to Day 28

Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"CGI-S provides measure of severity of participant's illness including participant's history, psychosocial circumstances, symptoms, behavior and impact of symptoms on ability to function. CGI-S evaluates severity of psychopathology on scale of 0 to 7. Considering total clinical experience, participant is assessed on severity of mental illness according to: 0=not assessed; 1=normal (not at all ill); 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill; 7=among most extremely ill patients (a decrease in score indicates improvement). Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Double-blind Endpoint (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28): EQ-VAS

EQ-5D-5L measures health outcome self-completed by respondents. It consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). EQ-VAS self-rating records the respondent's own assessment of his/her overall health status at time of completion, on scale of 0 (the worst health you can imagine) to 100 (the best health you can imagine). (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to end of Double-blind induction phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28): Health Status Index

EQ-5D-5L measures health outcome self-completed by respondents. It consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The descriptive system comprises of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each has 5 levels (1-no problem, 2-slight problems, 3-moderate problems, 4-severe problems, 5-extreme problems). The responses are used to generate Health Status Index (HSI). HSI range is -0.148 to 0.949, is anchored at 0 (dead) and 1 (full health). (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) up to End of Double-blind Induction Phase (Day 28): Sum Score

EQ-5D-5L measures health outcome self-completed by respondents. It consists of EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The descriptive system comprises of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression. Each has 5 levels (1-no problem, 2-slight problems, 3-moderate problems, 4-severe problems, 5-extreme problems). The responses are used to generate Health Status Index (HSI). HSI range is -0.148 to 0.949, is anchored at 0 (dead) and 1 (full health). EQ-VAS self-rating records the respondent's own assessment of his/her overall health status at time of completion, on scale of 0 (the worst health you can imagine) to 100 (the best health you can imagine). Sum score ranges from 0 to 100 where, sum score = (sum of the scores from the 5 dimensions minus 5) *5. Higher score indicates worst health state. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to end of Double-blind Induction phase (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])

"GAD-7 is a brief and validated 7-item self-reported assessment of overall anxiety. Participants responded to each item using a 4 point scale with response categories of 0=not at all, 1=several days, 2=more than half the days, and 3=nearly every day. Item responses are summed to yield a total score with a range of 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more anxiety. The recall period is 2 weeks. The severity of the GAD-7 is categorized as follows: None (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14) and Severe (15-21). Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Double-blind Endpoint (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score up to Day 28 of Double- Blind Induction Phase- Mixed- Effects Model Using Repeated Measures (MMRM) Analysis

MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase

Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis

"MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. Missing data was imputed using Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) method and last post baseline observation during double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Double-blind Endpoint (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Total Score up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase- MMRM Analysis

PHQ-9 is 9-item, self-reported scale assessing 9 symptom domains of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder criteria. Each item is rated on 4-point scale (0 = Not at all, 1 = Several Days, 2 = More than half days, 3 = Nearly every day). The scores are summed for a total score ranging from 0-27. Higher score indicates greater severity of depression. Severity of PHQ-9 categorized as follows: None-minimal (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14), Moderately Severe (15-19), Severe (20-27). The recall period is 2 weeks. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction phase

Change From Baseline in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis

"PHQ-9 is 9-item, self-reported scale assessing 9 symptom domains of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder criteria. Each item is rated on 4-point scale (0 = Not at all, 1 = Several Days, 2 = More than half days, 3 = Nearly every day). The scores are summed for a total score ranging from 0-27. Higher score indicates greater severity of depression. Severity of PHQ-9 categorized as follows: None-minimal (0-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14), Moderately Severe (15-19), Severe (20-27). The recall period is 2 weeks. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Double-blind Endpoint (Day 28)

Change From Baseline in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase- MMRM Analysis

The SDS is a participant-reported outcome measure and 5 item questionnaire used for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. The first 3 items assess disruption of 1) work/school, 2) social life, and 3) family life/home responsibilities using 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) rating scale. Score for first 3 items are summed to create total score of 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired), where higher score indicates greater impairment. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 28 of Double-blind Induction phase

Change From Baseline in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score up to Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis

"The SDS is a participant-reported outcome measure and 5 item questionnaire used for assessment of functional impairment and associated disability. The first 3 items assess disruption of 1) work/school, 2) social life, and 3) family life/home responsibilities using 0 (not at all) to 10 (extremely) rating scale. Score for first 3 items are summed to create total score of 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired) where higher score indicates greater impairment. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Double-blind Endpoint (Day 28)

Percentage of Participants in Remission (MADRS<=12) at Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase (Observed Data)

Participants who had a MADRS total score of less than or equal to (<=) 12 were considered as remitters. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: At Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase

Percentage of Participants in Remission (MADRS<=12) at the Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28])- ANCOVA Analysis (LOCF Data)

"Participants who had a MADRS total score of less than or equal to (<=) 12 were considered as remitters. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: At Day 28 (Double-blind Endpoint)

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved at Least 50% Reduction From Baseline in MADRS Total Score at Day 28 of Double-blind Induction Phase (Observed Data)

A participant was defined as a responder (yes=1 and no=0) at a given time point if the percent reduction from baseline in MADRS total score is at least 50 percent (%). The percentage of participants who achieved at least 50% reduction from baseline were reported. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: At Day 28 of Double-blind Induction phase

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved at Least 50% Reduction From Baseline in MADRS Total Score at the Endpoint (Double-blind Induction Phase [Day 28]) (LOCF Data)

"A participant was defined as a responder (yes=1 and no=0) at a given time point if the percent reduction from baseline in MADRS total score is at least 50 percent (%). The percentage of participants who achieved at least 50% reduction from baseline were reported. MADRS is clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity, and to detect changes due to antidepressant treatment. Scale consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), summed for a total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. Missing data was imputed using LOCF method and the last post baseline observation during the double-blind induction phase was carried forward as End Point for that phase." (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: At Day 28 (Double-blind Endpoint)

Percentage of Participants With Onset of Clinical Response by Day 2 and Day 8

A participant was defined as having a clinical response if there was at least 50% improvement (decrease) from baseline in the MADRS total score with onset by Day 2 and Day 8 that was maintained to Day 28. Participants were allowed one excursion (non-response) on Days 8, 15 or 22, however score must show at least 25% improvement. Participants who did not meet these criteria or discontinued during the study before Day 28 were considered as non-responders and were assigned the value of 0 (that is no). MADRS is clinician-rated scale that consists of 10 items (apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, sleep, appetite, concentration, lassitude, interest level, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), each of which is scored from 0 (item is not present or is normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of symptoms), for total possible score of 0 to 60. Higher scores represent more severe condition. (NCT02417064)
Timeframe: Day 2 up to Day 28 and Day 8 up to Day 28

"Response in the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) Defined as CGI-I Rating of Very Much Improved or Much Improved From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)"

A 3-part, clinician-administered scale that rates the improvement or worsening of the patient's illness from randomization (baseline). Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale. CGI-I scores >4 indicate worsening, while scores <4 indicate improvement. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q LES-Q-SF) Item 15

The Q-LES-Q-SF (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form) measures the patient's satisfaction with medication and overall quality of life. The 15th item queries respondents' satisfaction with the medication they are taking. Higher scores are indicative of greater enjoyment or satisfaction in each domain. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q LES-Q-SF) Item 16

The Q-LES-Q-SF (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form) measures the patient's satisfaction with medication and overall quality of life. The 16th item is a global rating of overall life satisfaction and contentment. Higher scores are indicative of greater enjoyment or satisfaction in each domain. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Depressive Symptoms From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 Items (HAMD-17) Total Score

A 17-item, clinician-rated scale that assesses depressive symptoms. The HAMD-17 consists of 17 symptoms, each of which is rated from 0 to 2 or 0 to 4, where 0 is none/absent. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated as the sum of the 17 individual symptom scores; the total score can range from 0 to 52. Higher HAMD-17 scores indicate more severe depression. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Family Life/Home Responsibilities Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the SDS family life/home responsibilities domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Social Life Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the SDS social life domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Work/School Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the work/school domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score

Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) is 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The SDS total score is calculated as the sum of the score for the 3 inter-correlated domains (school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities) and ranges from 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired). (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A 14-item clinician-administered scale for the evaluation of anxiety symptoms. Each HAM-A item is rated on a 0 to 4 scale. Higher HAM-A scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 10

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 10

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 12

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 12

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 14

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 14

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 9

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 9

Change in Overall Quality of Life and Satisfaction From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) by Assessing the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) % Maximum Total Score

The Q-LES-Q-SF (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form) total score is derived by summing item scores 1 to 14. Higher scores are indicative of greater enjoyment or satisfaction in each domain. The Q-LES-Q-SF % maximum total score is calculated as 100% × (Q-LES-Q-SF total score - 14) / 56, and can range from 0% to 100%. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in the Clinician-rated Global Outcome of Severity as Measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A 3-part, clinician-administered scale that rates the improvement or worsening of the patient's illness from randomization (baseline). Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale. Higher CGI-S scores indicate greater illness severity. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score From Randomization to End of Treatment.

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Early and Sustained Response, Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score and a MADRS Total Score of ≤12 at Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score and a MADRS total score of ≤12 at Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~MADRS is 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16); Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and Week 16

Remission in Depressive Symptoms of MDD, Defined as MADRS Total Score of ≤8 at End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a MADRS total score of ≤8 at end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~MADRS is 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Week 16

Response in Depressive Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score at End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score at end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~MADRS is 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Sustained Remission, Defined as a MADRS Total Score of ≤8 at Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a MADRS total score of ≤8 at Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16)was calculated.~MADRS is 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Week 12, Week 14, Week 16

Sustained Response, Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score and a MADRS Total Score of ≤12 at Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score and a MADRS total score of ≤12 at Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~MADRS is 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16); Week 12, Week 14, and Week 16

Change in EuroQol - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A self-assessment questionnaire that provides 2 measures of health status. The EQ-5D index score is a weighted linear combination over 5 dimensions of health status. The score for each of the 5 dimensions can range from 1 to 3, and an equation is used to calculate the EQ-5D index score. The EQ-5D index score can range from possible negative values to a maximum of 1.0. The EQ-VAS is a visual analog scale with a range of 0 to 100. For both variables, a higher score indicates a better health state. (NCT01197508)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

"Response in the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) Defined as CGI-I Rating of Very Much Improved or Much Improved From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)"

A 3-part, clinician-administered scale that rates the improvement or worsening of the patient's illness from randomization (baseline). Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale. CGI-I scores >4 indicate worsening, while scores <4 indicate improvement. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q LES-Q-SF) Item 16

The Q-LES-Q-SF (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form) measures the patient's satisfaction with medication and overall quality of life. The 16th item is a global rating of overall life satisfaction and contentment, rated on a 1 to 5 scale. Higher scores are indicative of greater satisfaction. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form(Q LES-Q-SF)Item 15

The Q-LES-Q-SF (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form) measures the patient's satisfaction with medication and overall quality of life. The 15th item queries respondents' satisfaction with the medication they are taking, rated on a 1 to 4 scale, score 0 indicates that no medication was taken. Higher scores are indicative of greater satisfaction. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Depressive Symptoms From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 Items (HAMD-17) Total Score

A 17-item, clinician-rated scale that assesses depressive symptoms. The HAMD-17 consists of 17 symptoms, each of which is rated from 0 to 2 or 0 to 4, where 0 is none/absent. The HAMD-17 total score is calculated as the sum of the 17 individual symptom scores; the total score can range from 0 to 52. Higher HAMD-17 scores indicate more severe depression. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Family Life/Home Responsibilities Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the SDS family life/home responsibilities domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Social Life Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the SDS social life domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by SDS Work/School Domain Score

A 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The 3 inter-correlated domains are school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities. The numerical rating for the work/school domain score is 0- 10, where 10 is considered to be 'highly impaired'. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Functional Impairment From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) as Measured by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score

Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) is 5-item, self-administered scale that measures the extent a patient is impaired by their disease. Higher scores indicate more severe impairment. The SDS total score is calculated as the sum of the score for the 3 inter-correlated domains (school/work, social life, and family life/home responsibilities) and ranges from 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired). (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A 14-item clinician-administered scale for the evaluation of anxiety symptoms. Each HAM-A item is rated on a 0 to 4 scale, the total score can range from 0 to 56. Higher HAM-A scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in Irritability Symptoms as Measured by the Sheehan Irritability Scale (SIS) Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A self-administered scale to be used by clinical subjects to rate suffering over the past week with regard to irritability symptoms. The total SIS score is the sum of 7 items, and ranges from 0 to 70. Each item is assessed on an 11- point scale where 0=not at all, 1-3=mildly, 4-6=moderately, 7-9=markedly, and 10=extremely. The SIS also records the number of days impaired by irritability. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 10

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 10

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 12

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 12

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 14

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 14

Change in MADRS Total Score From Randomization (Week 8) to Week 9

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to Week 9

Change in Overall Quality of Life and Satisfaction From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16) by Assessing the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) % Maximum Total Score

The Q-LES-Q-SF total score is derived by summing item scores 1 to 14. Higher scores are indicative of greater enjoyment or satisfaction in each domain. The Q-LES-Q-SF % maximum total score is calculated as 100% × (Q-LES-Q-SF total score - 14) / 56, and can range from 0% to 100%. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in the Clinician-rated Global Outcome of Severity as Measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Score From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A 3-part, clinician-administered scale that rates the improvement or worsening of the patient's illness from randomization (baseline). Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale. Higher CGI-S scores indicate greater illness severity. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score From Randomization to End of Treatment.

A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Early and Sustained Response, Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score and a MADRS Total Score of ≤12 at Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score and a MADRS total score of ≤12 at Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16); Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, and Week 16

Remission in Depressive Symptoms of MDD, Defined as MADRS Total Score of ≤8 at End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a MADRS total score of ≤8 at end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Week 16

Response in Depressive Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score at End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score at end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Sustained Remission, Defined as a MADRS Total Score of ≤8 at Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a MADRS total score of ≤8 at Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16)was calculated.~A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Week 12, Week 14, Week 16

Sustained Response, Defined as a ≥50% Reduction From Randomization (Week 8) in MADRS Total Score and a MADRS Total Score of ≤12 at Week 12, Week 14, and End of Treatment (Week 16)

"The percentage of patients with a ≥50% reduction from randomization (Week 8) in MADRS total score and a MADRS total score of ≤12 at Week 12, Week 14, and end of treatment (Week 16) was calculated.~A 10-item scale for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. Each MADRS item is rated on a 0 to 6 scale. The MADRS total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 individual item scores; the total score can range from 0 to 60. Higher MADRS scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms." (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16); Week 12, Week 14, and Week 16

Change in EuroQol - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) From Randomization (Week 8) to End of Treatment (Week 16)

A self-assessment questionnaire that provides 2 measures of health status. The EQ-5D index score is a weighted linear combination over 5 dimensions of health status. The score for each of the 5 dimensions can range from 1 to 3, and an equation is used to calculate the EQ-5D index score. The EQ-5D index score can range from possible negative values (minimum -0.415) to a maximum of 1.0. The EQ-VAS is a visual analog scale with a range of 0 to 100. For both variables, a higher score indicates a better health state. (NCT01153347)
Timeframe: Randomization (Week 8) to end of treatment (Week 16)

Estimated Probability of Not Reaching Confirmed Remission at 12 Weeks Based on the Survival Function for the Time to Confirmed Remission

Survival function is estimating the probability of participants not achieving confirmed remission. Confirmed remission is defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17) Score of ≤ 7 that is maintained for two consecutive visits. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Estimated Probability of Not Reaching Confirmed Response at 12 Weeks Based on the Survival Function for the Time to Confirmed Response

Survival function is estimating the probability of participants not achieving confirmed response after 12 weeks. Confirmed response is defined as >=50% change from baseline reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17). The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Time to Confirmed Remission as Defined by a 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS16SR) Score of ≤ 5 That is Maintained for Two Consecutive Visits.

Time to confirmed remission is defined as the time from the day of study randomization (Visit 2) to the date of first observation of confirmed remission. A 16-item participant-rated measure of depressive symptomatology. The total score ranges from 0 to 27 with higher scores indicative of greater severity. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Time to Confirmed Remission by a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17) Score of ≤ 7 That is Maintained for Two Consecutive Visits

Time to confirmed remission is defined as the time from the day of study randomization (Visit 2) to the date of first observation of confirmed remission defined as a score on the HAMD-17 of ≤ 7 for 2 consecutive visits. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Time to Confirmed Response as Defined by ≥ 50% Reduction From Baseline Reduction in the 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS16SR) That is Reported for Two Consecutive Visits

Time to confirmed response is defined as the time from the day of study randomization (Visit 2) to the date of first observation of confirmed response. QIDS16SR is a 16-item participant-rated measure of depressive symptomatology. The total score ranges from 0 to 27 with higher scores indicative of greater severity. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Time to Confirmed Response by ≥ 50% Change From Baseline Reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17)

Time to confirmed response is defined as the time from the day of study randomization (Visit 2) to the date of first observation of confirmed response defined as ≥ 50% baseline score reduction on the HAMD-17 for 2 consecutive visits. The 17-item HAMD measures depression severity. Each item was evaluated and scored using either a 5-point scale, e.g. absent, mild, moderate, severe, very severe) or a 3-point scale (e.g. absent, mild, marked). The total score of HAMD-17 may range from 0 (normal) to 52 (severe). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4 through Week 16

Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S) Scale

Measures severity of illness at the time of assessment compared with start of treatment. Scores range from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill participants). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, Week 16

Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Scale - Health State Score

The EQ-5D Health State Score is self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale measured in centimeters (cm) and reported as units on a scale. Best imaginable health state = 10 cm and worst imaginable health state = 0 cm. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Scale - United Kingdom (UK) Population Based Index Score

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality of life instrument. The profile allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and mood. A single score between 1 and 3 is generated for each domain. For each participant, the outcome rating on the 5 domains will be mapped to a single index through an algorithm. The index ranges between 0 and 1, with the higher score indicating a better health state perceived by the participant. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

The list of AEs is located in the Reported Adverse Event module. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Has the Participant Been Hospitalized Due to Depression in the Last 4 Weeks - Number of Participants With a Yes Response

(NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Number of Hours Worked Per Week

(NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Number of Visits to Other Specialists Due to Depression in the Last 4 Weeks

(NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Number of Visits to Primary Healthcare Provider Due to Depression in the Last 4 Weeks

(NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Number of Work Hours Missed Due to Depression in the Last 4 Weeks

Only those participants who missed at least 1 hour of work due to depression were included. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Resource Utilisation - Number of Work Hours Missed in the Last 4 Weeks

Only those participants who missed at least 1 hour of work were included. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Normal Functioning Total Score

The SDS is completed by the participant and is used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on their work/social/family life. Total scores range from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating greater disruption in the participant's work/social/family life. (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - Overall Pain Severity

VAS for pain consists of 6 questions that assess overall pain, headache, back pain, shoulder pain, pain interference with daily activities, and pain while awake. Participant rates pain on a 10 centimeter (cm) line between two anchors (0= no pain and 10=very severe pain). (NCT00810069)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8, Week 10, Week 12, Week 14, Week 16

Reviews

1 review available for citalopram and Refractory Depression

Trials

18 trials available for citalopram and Refractory Depression

Other Studies

13 other studies available for citalopram and Refractory Depression