Page last updated: 2024-10-25

ciprofloxacin and HIV Coinfection

ciprofloxacin has been researched along with HIV Coinfection in 44 studies

Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, to compare single-dose ciprofloxacin with a 7-day course of erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid."9.09A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single-dose ciprofloxacin versus erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya. ( MacDonald, KS; Maclean, I; Malonza, IM; Moses, S; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Omar, S; Orle, K; Perriens, J; Plummer, FA; Ronald, AR; Tyndall, MW, 1999)
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, to compare single-dose ciprofloxacin with a 7-day course of erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid."5.09A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single-dose ciprofloxacin versus erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya. ( MacDonald, KS; Maclean, I; Malonza, IM; Moses, S; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Omar, S; Orle, K; Perriens, J; Plummer, FA; Ronald, AR; Tyndall, MW, 1999)
"A comparative open study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ; 640 mg/3,200 mg) for the treatment of culture-proven chancroid."5.08Failure of treatment for chancroid in Rwanda is not related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: in vitro resistance of Haemophilus ducreyi to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. ( Akingeneye, J; Bogaerts, J; Kestens, L; Martinez Tello, W; Mukantabana, V; Piot, P; Van Dyck, E; Verhaegen, J, 1995)
" Treatment failure rates for culture-proven chancroid were 19% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 12."3.69Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus control in Malawi: a field study of genital ulcer disease. ( Behets, FM; Cohen, MS; Dallabetta, G; Hamilton, HA; Hoffman, IF; Liomba, G; Lule, G; Moeng, S, 1995)
"It is likely that EAggEc are a treatable cause of diarrheal disease in some persons with HIV and no other apparent enteric pathogen."2.69Successful treatment of diarrheal disease associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. ( Acheson, D; Blais, V; Gerrior, J; Mayer, H; Wanke, CA, 1998)
"Ciprofloxacin was the most prescribed oral antibiotic (53%)."1.72Intravenous to oral transition of antibiotics for gram-negative bloodstream infection at a University hospital in Thailand: Clinical outcomes and predictors of treatment failure. ( Gross, AE; Nakaranurack, C; Pradubkham, T; Suwanpimolkul, G, 2022)
"Ciprofloxacin-resistant shigellosis outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have not been reported in Asia."1.43The worldwide spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Taiwan. ( Chen, WC; Chiou, CS; Izumiya, H; Kawamura, M; Liao, YS; Lo, YC; Su, YS; Wu, HH, 2016)
"Infection and diagnosis of shigellosis in MSM presents a potentially overlooked opportunity to discuss the availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis medications to prevent incident HIV infections."1.43Shigellosis in men who have sex with men: an overlooked opportunity to counsel with pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. ( Goulart, MA; Wurcel, AG, 2016)
"Trichomoniasis was detected in 4."1.35The detection of urethritis pathogens among patients with the male urethritis syndrome, genital ulcer syndrome and HIV voluntary counselling and testing clients: should South Africa's syndromic management approach be revised? ( Black, V; Lewis, DA; Magooa, P; Myers, M; Pillay, C; Radebe, F, 2008)
" Estimates of elimination half-life (T1/2) were not affected by rifabutin (control: 0."1.31Effects of repeated rifabutin administration on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin in mice. ( Li, RC; Liu, XG, 2001)
"A 35 year-old HIV-positive male intravenous drug abuser developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) during the course of recto-sigmoiditis secondary to Shigella flexneri."1.28Association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Beris, P; Dunand, V; Isoz, C; Reynard, C, 1990)

Research

Studies (44)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's15 (34.09)18.2507
2000's13 (29.55)29.6817
2010's11 (25.00)24.3611
2020's5 (11.36)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Szumowski, JD1
Cohen, DE1
Kanaya, F1
Mayer, KH1
Pradubkham, T1
Suwanpimolkul, G1
Gross, AE1
Nakaranurack, C1
Blouin, K1
Lefebvre, B1
Trudelle, A1
Defay, F1
Perrault Sullivan, G1
Ezin Aloffan, LND1
Labbé, AC1
Allan-Blitz, L-T1
Shah, P1
Adams, G1
Branda, JA1
Klausner, JD1
Goldstein, R1
Sabeti, PC1
Lemieux, JE1
Çağatay, AA1
Deniz, R1
Gözüküçük, R1
Özbek, E1
Başaran, S1
Feysia, SG1
Hasan-Nejad, M1
Amini, S1
Hamzelou, G1
Kazemian, H1
Kardan-Yamchi, J1
Karami-Zarandi, M1
Feizabadi, MM1
Forson, AO1
Adjei, DN1
Olu-Taiwo, M1
Quarchie, MN1
Asmah, HR1
Wilmore, SMS1
Kranzer, K1
Williams, A1
Makamure, B1
Nhidza, AF1
Mayini, J1
Bandason, T1
Metcalfe, J1
Nicol, MP1
Balakrishnan, I1
Ellington, MJ1
Woodford, N1
Hopkins, S1
McHugh, TD1
Ferrand, RA1
Laenens, D1
Plazier, M1
van der Hilst, JCH1
Messiaen, P1
Trone, MC1
Manoli, P1
Mattei, J1
Thuret, G1
Gain, P1
Stephan, JL1
Mabonga, E1
Parkes-Ratanshi, R1
Riedel, S1
Nabweyambo, S1
Mbabazi, O1
Taylor, C1
Gaydos, C1
Manabe, YC1
Renuart, AJ1
Goldfarb, DM1
Mokomane, M1
Tawanana, EO1
Narasimhamurthy, M1
Steenhoff, AP1
Silverman, JA1
Gaudreau, C2
Helferty, M1
Sylvestre, JL1
Allard, R1
Pilon, PA2
Poisson, M1
Bekal, S2
Tsang, OT1
Wong, RW1
Lam, BH1
Chan, JM1
Tsang, KY1
Leung, WS1
Chiou, CS1
Izumiya, H1
Kawamura, M1
Liao, YS1
Su, YS1
Wu, HH1
Chen, WC1
Lo, YC1
Goulart, MA1
Wurcel, AG1
Cornut, G1
Marchand-Senecal, X1
Jongwutiwes, U1
Malathum, K1
Sungkanuparph, S1
Read, T1
Mijch, A2
Ostergaard, L1
Moodley, P1
Wilkinson, D1
Connolly, C1
Sturm, AW1
McDonald, LC1
Lauderdale, TL1
Lo, HJ1
Tsai, JJ1
Hung, CC1
Cárcamo, C1
Hooton, T1
Wener, MH1
Weiss, NS1
Gilman, R1
Arevalo, J1
Carrasco, J1
Seas, C1
Caballero, M1
Holmes, KK1
Kownhar, H1
Shankar, EM1
Rajan, R1
Rao, UA1
Black, V1
Magooa, P1
Radebe, F1
Myers, M1
Pillay, C1
Lewis, DA1
Bogaerts, J1
Kestens, L1
Martinez Tello, W1
Akingeneye, J1
Mukantabana, V1
Verhaegen, J1
Van Dyck, E1
Piot, P1
Behets, FM1
Liomba, G1
Lule, G1
Dallabetta, G1
Hoffman, IF1
Hamilton, HA1
Moeng, S1
Cohen, MS1
Abeck, D1
Ballard, RC1
Fisher, M1
Tomlinson, DR1
Coker, RJ1
Tee, W1
Martinelli, F1
Caruso, A1
Ausenda, S1
Corulli, M1
Licenziati, S1
Garrafa, E1
Turano, A1
Wanke, CA1
Gerrior, J1
Blais, V1
Mayer, H1
Acheson, D1
Matthys, F1
Boelaert, M1
Malonza, IM1
Tyndall, MW1
Ndinya-Achola, JO1
Maclean, I1
Omar, S1
MacDonald, KS1
Perriens, J1
Orle, K1
Plummer, FA1
Ronald, AR1
Moses, S1
Keiser, P1
Nassar, N1
Skiest, D1
Rademacher, S1
Smith, JW1
Ghosh, SK1
Bandera, A1
Gori, A1
Rossi, MC1
Degli Esposti, A1
Ferrario, G1
Marchetti, G1
Tocalli, L1
Franzetti, F1
Liu, XG1
Li, RC1
Howarth, GR1
Richter, E1
Wessling, J1
Lügering, N1
Domschke, W1
Rüsch-Gerdes, S1
Nordmann, P1
Rouveix, E1
Guenounou, M1
Nicolas, MH1
Decker, CF1
Martin, GJ1
Barham, WB1
Paparello, SF1
Nelson, MR1
Shanson, DC1
Hawkins, D1
Gazzard, BG1
Beris, P1
Dunand, V1
Isoz, C1
Reynard, C1

Reviews

2 reviews available for ciprofloxacin and HIV Coinfection

ArticleYear
Rifabutin-associated uveitis in a 10-year-old child with HIV: Case report and review of the literature.
    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:8

    Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Child; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Substitution; Female; HIV; HIV Inf

2018
Chancroid.
    Current problems in dermatology, 1996, Volume: 24

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Ceftriaxone; Cephalosporins; Chancroid;

1996

Trials

3 trials available for ciprofloxacin and HIV Coinfection

ArticleYear
Failure of treatment for chancroid in Rwanda is not related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: in vitro resistance of Haemophilus ducreyi to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1995, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chancroid; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Follow-Up

1995
Successful treatment of diarrheal disease associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 1998, Volume: 178, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Ciprofloxacin; Cross-Over St

1998
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single-dose ciprofloxacin versus erythromycin for the treatment of chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 1999, Volume: 180, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chancroid; Ciprofloxacin; Dou

1999

Other Studies

39 other studies available for ciprofloxacin and HIV Coinfection

ArticleYear
Treatment and outcomes of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an ambulatory clinic.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Boston; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Ma

2007
Intravenous to oral transition of antibiotics for gram-negative bloodstream infection at a University hospital in Thailand: Clinical outcomes and predictors of treatment failure.
    PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:9

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Ciprofloxacin; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; HIV Infections

2022
Correlates of
    BMJ open, 2023, 08-04, Volume: 13, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cefixime; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Cross-Sectional St

2023
Development of Cas13a-based assays for
    mSphere, 2023, 10-24, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Humans;

2023
Acute hepatitis and pancytopenia related to non-typhoidal salmonella infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 2019, Volume: 30, Issue:10

    Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Ciprofloxacin; Fatigue;

2019
Incidence, Clinical Manifestation, Treatment Outcome, and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in HIV Patients in Tehran, Iran.
    Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2020, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ciprofloxacin; Female; HIV

2020
Characterization of Campylobacter associated gastric enteritis among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a hospital in Accra, Ghana.
    PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Ciprofloxacin; Cr

2020
Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in HIV-infected children in Zimbabwe.
    Journal of medical microbiology, 2017, Volume: 66, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; beta-Lact

2017
    BMJ case reports, 2018, Jul-15, Volume: 2018

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biopsy, Needle; Campylobacter fetus; C

2018
Complete ciprofloxacin resistance in gonococcal isolates in an urban Ugandan clinic: findings from a cross-sectional study.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 2019, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections;

2019
Microbiology of urinary tract infections in Gaborone, Botswana.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Botswana; C

2013
Campylobacter coli outbreak in men who have sex with men, Quebec, Canada, 2010-2011.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter Infections; Ciprofloxacin; Coinfecti

2013
Cyclospora infection in a young woman with human immunodeficiency virus in Hong Kong: a case report.
    BMC research notes, 2013, Dec-09, Volume: 6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Colonoscopy; Cyclospora; Cyclosporiasis; Diarrhea; Fece

2013
The worldwide spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Taiwan.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Transm

2016
Shigellosis in men who have sex with men: an overlooked opportunity to counsel with pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 2016, Volume: 27, Issue:13

    Topics: Adult; Ciprofloxacin; Dysentery, Bacillary; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Pre-E

2016
Shigella flexneri with Ciprofloxacin Resistance and Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility, Canada, 2015.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2016, Volume: 22, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Canada; Ciprofloxacin; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2016
Cryptococcal meningoradiculitis: an atypical presentation after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
    Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2007, Volume: 90 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Ceftriaxone;

2007
Gonococcal perianal abscess: re-emergence after cessation of co-trimoxazole.
    Sexually transmitted infections, 2002, Volume: 78, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans;

2002
Influence of HIV-1 coinfection on effective management of abnormal vaginal discharge.
    Sexually transmitted diseases, 2003, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Cip

2003
Colonization of HIV-infected outpatients in Taiwan with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cip

2003
Etiologies and manifestations of persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection: a case-control study in Lima, Peru.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 2005, Jan-01, Volume: 191, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Campylobacter; Case-Control

2005
Emergence of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi resistant to ciprofloxacin in India.
    Journal of medical microbiology, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:Pt 1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; HIV Infections; Humans;

2007
The detection of urethritis pathogens among patients with the male urethritis syndrome, genital ulcer syndrome and HIV voluntary counselling and testing clients: should South Africa's syndromic management approach be revised?
    Sexually transmitted infections, 2008, Volume: 84, Issue:4

    Topics: Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Counseling; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Human

2008
Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus control in Malawi: a field study of genital ulcer disease.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 1995, Volume: 171, Issue:2

    Topics: Chancroid; Ciprofloxacin; Erythromycin; Genital Diseases, Male; HIV Infections; Humans; Malawi; Male

1995
The management of mycobacterial infections in HIV seropositive individuals. Jefferiss Wing Therapeutics and Protocols Group.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 1996, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotics, Antitu

1996
Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients: comparison of clinical features and review.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteremia; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resista

1998
Isolation and chemoantibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum in HIV-1 infected patients.
    The new microbiologica, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:3

    Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin;

1998
Preventing HIV-1: lessons from Mwanza and Rakai.
    Lancet (London, England), 1999, May-01, Volume: 353, Issue:9163

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Costs; Ethics, Medical; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Middle

1999
A retrospective study of the addition of ciprofloxacin to clarithromycin and ethambutol in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection.
    International journal of STD & AIDS, 1999, Volume: 10, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antitubercular Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Ciproflox

1999
A rare infection caused by Chryseomonas luteola.
    The Journal of infection, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Ciprofloxacin; Diabetes C

2000
A case of costochondral abscess due to Corynebacterium minutissimum in an HIV-infected patient.
    The Journal of infection, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:1

    Topics: Abscess; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amikacin; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents;

2000
Chancroid and TMP-SMX.
    AIDS patient care and STDs, 1996, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Chancroid; Ciprofloxacin; HIV Infections; Humans; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxaz

1996
Effects of repeated rifabutin administration on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin in mice.
    Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy), 2001, Volume: 13, Issue:5

    Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Cipro

2001
TRIPS: generic irony.
    The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2002, Volume: 52, Issue:474

    Topics: Anthrax; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Industry; Drugs, Generic; HIV I

2002
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a patient with HIV, Germany.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Ciproflo

2002
Pulmonary abscess due to a rifampin and fluoroquinolone resistant Rhodococcus equi strain in a HIV infected patient.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 1992, Volume: 11, Issue:6

    Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; HIV Infections; Humans

1992
Bacteremia due to Campylobacter cinaedi in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Campylobacter Infections; Ciprofloxacin; HIV Infections; Humans; Male

1992
Shigella in HIV infection.
    AIDS (London, England), 1991, Volume: 5, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Ciprofloxacin; Dysentery, Bacillary; Feces; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Opportunistic Infec

1991
Association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
    Nouvelle revue francaise d'hematologie, 1990, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Ciprofloxacin; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Proctocolitis; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytope

1990