ciprofloxacin and Bacillus anthracis Infection studies

Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In August 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro; Bayer) for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax."	8.82	US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. ( Albrecht, R; Dionne, P; Higgins, K; Meyer, JM; Meyerhoff, A; Murphy, D, 2004)
"In the clindamycin group, 8 of 11 (73%) survived demonstrating its efficacy for the first time in inhalational anthrax, compared to 9 of 9 (100%) with ciprofloxacin, and 8 of 11 (73%) with ciprofloxacin + clindamycin."	8.02	Clindamycin Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Inhalational Anthrax But Does Not Enhance Reduction of Circulating Toxin Levels When Combined With Ciprofloxacin. ( Barr, JR; Boyer, AE; Chabot, DJ; Cote, CK; Fetterer, DP; Friedlander, AM; Ingavale, S; Klimko, CP; Miller, JA; Schellhase, CW; Somerville, BC; Tobery, SA; Twenhafel, NA; Vietri, NJ; Woolfitt, AR; Wright, ME, 2021)
"The in vivo efficacy of liposomal encapsulated ciprofloxacin in two formulations, lipoquin and apulmiq, were evaluated against the causative agent of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis."	7.96	Evaluation of liposomal ciprofloxacin formulations in a murine model of anthrax. ( Blanchard, JD; Crichton, M; Jager, S; Stratilo, CW, 2020)
" The current standard of care for inhalational anthrax postexposure prophylaxis is ciprofloxacin therapy twice daily for 60 days."	7.74	Efficacy of oritavancin in a murine model of Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation anthrax. ( Arhin, FF; Bassett, A; Bassett, J; Heine, HS; Ivins, BE; Lehoux, D; Miller, L; Moeck, G; Parr, TR, 2008)
"In August 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro; Bayer) for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax."	4.82	US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. ( Albrecht, R; Dionne, P; Higgins, K; Meyer, JM; Meyerhoff, A; Murphy, D, 2004)
"In the clindamycin group, 8 of 11 (73%) survived demonstrating its efficacy for the first time in inhalational anthrax, compared to 9 of 9 (100%) with ciprofloxacin, and 8 of 11 (73%) with ciprofloxacin + clindamycin."	4.02	Clindamycin Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Inhalational Anthrax But Does Not Enhance Reduction of Circulating Toxin Levels When Combined With Ciprofloxacin. ( Barr, JR; Boyer, AE; Chabot, DJ; Cote, CK; Fetterer, DP; Friedlander, AM; Ingavale, S; Klimko, CP; Miller, JA; Schellhase, CW; Somerville, BC; Tobery, SA; Twenhafel, NA; Vietri, NJ; Woolfitt, AR; Wright, ME, 2021)
"The in vivo efficacy of liposomal encapsulated ciprofloxacin in two formulations, lipoquin and apulmiq, were evaluated against the causative agent of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis."	3.96	Evaluation of liposomal ciprofloxacin formulations in a murine model of anthrax. ( Blanchard, JD; Crichton, M; Jager, S; Stratilo, CW, 2020)
"The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ciprofloxacin as post-exposure therapy against inhalational anthrax in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with other non-human primate models in order to determine whether the marmoset is a suitable model to test post-exposure therapies for anthrax."	3.77	Post-exposure therapy of inhalational anthrax in the common marmoset. ( Brown, MA; Lever, MS; Nelson, M; Pearce, PC; Simpson, AJ; Stagg, AJ; Stevens, DJ, 2011)
" The current standard of care for inhalational anthrax postexposure prophylaxis is ciprofloxacin therapy twice daily for 60 days."	3.74	Efficacy of oritavancin in a murine model of Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation anthrax. ( Arhin, FF; Bassett, A; Bassett, J; Heine, HS; Ivins, BE; Lehoux, D; Miller, L; Moeck, G; Parr, TR, 2008)
"Long-term amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline appear safe, supporting use of these medications if needed for large-scale post-exposure anthrax prophylaxis."	3.74	Adverse events associated with prolonged antibiotic use. ( Chan, KA; Chen, Z; Finkelstein, JA; Hennessy, S; Lautenbach, E; Meropol, SB; Metlay, JP; Platt, R; Schech, SD; Shatin, D, 2008)
" This study investigated the survival of non-irradiated and (60)Co-gamma-irradiated mice given therapy for inhalation anthrax with ciprofloxacin (CIP) or a clinically relevant mixture of clarithromycin (CLR) and its major human microbiologically important metabolite 14-hydroxy clarithromycin (14-OH CLR)."	3.73	Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without (60)Co gamma-photon irradiation. ( Brook, I; Elliott, TB; Germana, A; Giraldo, DE; Jackson, WE; Ledney, GD; Nicolau, DP; Shoemaker, MO; Thakar, JH, 2005)
"To compare the fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin with ciprofloxacin for post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in a BALB/c mouse model."	3.72	Post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in mice and treatment with fluoroquinolones. ( Brooks, TJ; Lever, MS; Sefton, AM; Simpson, AJ; Steward, J, 2004)
"Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline is recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment of adults and children with Bacillus anthracis infection associated with the recent bioterrorist attacks in the United States."	3.71	Update: Interim recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. ( , 2001)
"Comparative antibacterial activity and protective efficacy of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and lomefloxacin were estimated in a model of anthrax."	3.69	[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in experimental anthrax infection]. ( D'iakov, SI; Katsalukha, VV; Lebedeva, IK; Lukashina, AV; Raĭskaia, VA, 1994)
"Anthrax is endemic to many countries, including the United States."	2.82	Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947-2019. ( Bower, WA; Bulitta, JB; Chatham-Stephens, K; Cook, R; Hendricks, K; Kennedy, JL; Mongkolrattanothai, T; Negron, ME; Person, MK; Shin, E; Yu, P, 2022)
"While cutaneous anthrax is most common, its early stages are distinct and prompt appropriate treatment commonly produces a good outcome."	2.48	An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users. ( Cui, X; Eichacker, PQ; Hicks, CW; Li, Y; Sweeney, DA, 2012)
"Anthrax is still an endemic disease in some countries in the world and has become a re-emerging disease in western countries with recent intentional outbreak."	2.46	A review of cutaneous anthrax and its outcome. ( Alp, E; Doganay, M; Metan, G, 2010)
"Ciprofloxacin has a pediatric indication only when a child is potentially exposed to inhaled anthrax."	2.41	Anthrax: safe treatment for children. ( Benavides, S; Nahata, MC, 2002)
"Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis."	2.40	[Pulmonary anthrax]. ( Debord, T; Vidal, D, 1998)
" Initial development of a PEP model for inhalational anthrax included evaluation of post-exposure ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and survival in guinea pigs treated with various ciprofloxacin dosing regimens."	1.56	Development of a guinea pig inhalational anthrax model for evaluation of post-exposure prophylaxis efficacy of anthrax vaccines. ( Barnewall, RE; Ionin, B; Lemiale, L; Park, S; Perry, MR; Reece, JJ; Savransky, V; Shearer, JD; Skiadopoulos, MH; Vassar, ML, 2020)
"Treatment of anthrax is challenging, especially during the advanced stages of the disease."	1.48	Treating Anthrax-Induced Meningitis in Rabbits. ( Bar-David, E; Ben-Shmuel, A; Brosh, T; Glinert, I; Kobiler, D; Levy, H; Schlomovitz, J; Sittner, A; Weiss, S, 2018)
"Anthrax is a zoonotic occupational disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a rod-shaped immobile aerobic gram-positive bacteria with spore."	1.43	A case report of inhalation anthrax acquired naturally. ( Azarkar, Z; Bidaki, MZ, 2016)
"Anthrax is still a serious public health problem in Turkey."	1.43	Cutaneous anthrax: evaluation of 28 cases in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. ( Akbulut, A; Demir, B; Denk, A; Ozden, M; Tartar, AS, 2016)
"Respiratory anthrax is a fatal disease in the absence of early treatment with antibiotics."	1.42	Efficacy of Single and Combined Antibiotic Treatments of Anthrax in Rabbits. ( Altboum, Z; Bar-David, E; Glinert, I; Kobiler, D; Levy, H; Schlomovitz, J; Sittner, A; Weiss, S, 2015)
"Cutaneous anthrax is an infection of the skin caused by Bacillus anthracis."	1.40	Cutaneous anthrax in a school teacher. ( Alam, MA; Baidya, NR; Kamal, MM; Mostafa, SM; Nandi, AK; Rahman, F; Uddin, MJ, 2014)
"Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which has multiple routes of infection in humans, manifesting in different initial presentations of disease."	1.40	Pediatric anthrax clinical management. ( Bower, WA; Bradley, JS; Cohn, AC; Krug, SE; Meaney-Delman, D; Pavia, AT; Peacock, G, 2014)
"Anthrax is occasionally encountered by U."	1.39	Field-based PCR for rapid diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in the deployed setting using the joint biological agent identification and diagnostic system. ( Krivda, S; Norton, SA; Pace, S; Steigelman, D, 2013)
"Anthrax is a rare disease caused by Bacillus anthracis."	1.39	Evaluation of cutaneous palpebral anthrax. ( Ari, S; Dal, T; Dayan, S; Dursun, B; Kaya, S; Kortak, MZ; Tekin, R, 2013)
"Anthrax was suspected primarily based on cutaneous manifestations of typical non-tender ulcer with black eschar, with or without oedema, and a history of butchering, or dressing/washing of cattle/goat or their meat."	1.38	Recent outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Bangladesh: clinico-demographic profile and treatment outcome of cases attended at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. ( Ahmed, SS; Akhtaruzzaman, SM; Anwar, KS; Khan, MA; Salam, MA; Siddiqui, MA, 2012)
" The effect of simulated clinical regimens of ciprofloxacin and linezolid on the vegetative and spore populations and on toxin production was examined in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model over 15 days by using the toxin-producing Sterne strain of B."	1.38	Differential effects of linezolid and ciprofloxacin on toxin production by Bacillus anthracis in an in vitro pharmacodynamic system. ( Abshire, T; Brown, DL; Drusano, GL; Heine, HS; Holman, K; Kulawy, R; Liu, W; Louie, A; Vanscoy, BD, 2012)
" The sigmoid maximum-threshold-of-efficacy (E(max)) model fit the survival data, in which the free-drug area under the concentration-time curve (fAUC)/MIC ratio, the maximum concentration of free drug in plasma (fC(max))/MIC ratio, and the cumulative percentage of a 24-h period that the free-drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (f %T(MIC)) were each evaluated."	1.36	Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of faropenem in a lethal murine Bacillus anthracis inhalation postexposure prophylaxis model. ( Ambrose, PG; Bassett, J; Beaudry, A; Bhavnani, SM; Critchley, I; Gill, SC; Heine, HS; Janjic, N; Li, J; Miller, L; Rubino, CM; Stone, KC, 2010)
" The lower dosage for the pharmacodynamically optimized regimen may decrease drug toxicity."	1.35	Use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to derive a linezolid regimen that optimizes bacterial kill and prevents emergence of resistance in Bacillus anthracis. ( Brown, DL; Drusano, GL; Heine, HS; Kim, K; Kinzig-Schippers, M; Liu, W; Louie, A; Sörgel, F; VanScoy, B, 2008)
"Incidence of anthrax is diminishing in developed countries; however, it remains a public health problem in developing countries, especially those whose main source of income is farming."	1.35	Characteristics of cutaneous anthrax in Turkey. ( Baykam, N; Celikbas, A; Dokuzoguz, B; Eren, S; Ergonul, O; Eroglu, M; Ulu, A, 2009)
"If left untreated, cutaneous anthrax may progress in 5 to 20% of cases to septicaemia with potentially lethal central nervous system involvement."	1.35	[Cutaneous anthrax: seven cases]. ( Alifadl, A; Azouzi, AI; Bjani, L; Chraibi, H; Gaamouche, K; Haouach, K; Kaidi, A; Khalidi, TE; Mountasser, A, 2009)
"Participants were monitored for adverse events (AEs)."	1.33	An overview of adverse events reported by participants in CDC's anthrax vaccine and antimicrobial availability program. ( Apicella, L; Aranas, A; Franzke, LH; Marano, N; Martin, SW; McNeil, MM; Rosenstein, NE; Tierney, BC, 2005)
"Inhalation anthrax is characterized by a systemic spread of the challenge agent, Bacillus anthracis."	1.33	Effective antiprotease-antibiotic treatment of experimental anthrax. ( Alibek, K; Bailey, C; Chandhoke, V; Fryxell, KJ; Hopkins, S; MacAfee, R; Popov, SG; Popova, TG; Weinstein, RS, 2005)
"Although cutaneous anthrax is usually self-limiting, complications may arise in untreated cases."	1.33	An unusually extensive case of cutaneous anthrax in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus. ( Ayaslioglu, E; Beygo, B; Erkek, E; Ozluk, U, 2005)
" We sought to determine whether a short course of antibiotic prophylaxis after exposure could protect non-human primates from a high-dose spore challenge if vaccination was combined with antibiotics."	1.33	Short-course postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis combined with vaccination protects against experimental inhalational anthrax. ( Friedlander, AM; Gamble, CS; Heine, HS; Ivins, BE; Lawler, JV; Leffel, EK; Purcell, BK; Rico, P; Sheeler, R; Twenhafel, NA; Vietri, NJ; Wright, ME, 2006)
"Moxifloxacin was just as effective as clindamycin."	1.33	Clindamycin and quinolone therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in 60Co-gamma-photon-irradiated and sham-irradiated mice. ( Bolduc, DL; Brook, I; Camp-Hyde, TD; Elliott, TB; Foriska, MA; Germana, A; Giraldo, DE; Jackson, WE; Ledney, GD; Shoemaker, MO; Thakar, JH, 2005)
"During influenza season, our findings support rapid testing for influenza, followed by empiric treatment for anthrax pending blood culture results for those who test negative for influenza."	1.32	Is it influenza or anthrax? A decision analytic approach to the treatment of patients with influenza-like illnesses. ( Fine, AM; Fleisher, GR; Fraser, HS; Mandl, KD; Wong, JB, 2004)
"Guidelines for prophylactic treatment of anthrax and treatment of suspected active cases of anthrax are changing continually, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site should be consulted for the latest recommendations."	1.31	Management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax. ( , 2002)
" Adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent anthrax were commonly reported, but hospitalizations and serious adverse events as defined by Food and Drug Administration criteria were rare."	1.31	Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence. ( Factor, S; Goldstein, S; Hayslett, J; Jones, J; Lukacs, S; Ridzon, R; Rosenstein, N; Shepard, CW; Soriano-Gabarro, M; Williams, I; Zell, ER, 2002)
"Pencillins are not recommended for treatment of anthrax, where such penicillinase activity may decrease their effectiveness."	1.31	Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis. ( , 2001)
" This report updates the investigation of these cases and describes adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis."	1.31	Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. ( , 2001)
" During October 26-November 6, 2001, an epidemiologic evaluation to detect adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted among 8,424 postal employees who had been offered antimicrobial prophylaxis for 60 days in New Jersey (NJ), New York City (NYC), and one postal facility in the District of Columbia (DC)."	1.31	Update: adverse events associated with anthrax prophylaxis among postal employees--New Jersey, New York City, and the District of Columbia metropolitan area, 2001. ( , 2001)

Research

Studies (142)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Who Developed an Anti-raxibacumab Antibody Response

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	2 (1.41)	18.2507
2000's	109 (76.76)	29.6817
2010's	26 (18.31)	24.3611
2020's	5 (3.52)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Heine, HS	8
Bassett, J	4
Miller, L	4
Hartings, JM	1
Ivins, BE	4
Pitt, ML	1
Fritz, D	1
Norris, SL	1
Byrne, WR	2
Shiryaev, SA	1
Remacle, AG	1
Ratnikov, BI	1
Nelson, NA	1
Savinov, AY	1
Wei, G	1
Bottini, M	1
Rega, MF	1
Parent, A	1
Desjardins, R	1
Fugere, M	1
Day, R	1
Sabet, M	1
Pellecchia, M	1
Liddington, RC	1
Smith, JW	1
Mustelin, T	1
Guiney, DG	1
Lebl, M	1
Strongin, AY	1
Maples, KR	1
Wheeler, C	1
Ip, E	1
Plattner, JJ	1
Chu, D	1
Zhang, YK	1
Preobrazhenskaya, MN	1
Printsevskaya, SS	1
Solovieva, SE	1
Olsufyeva, EN	1
Heine, H	1
Lovchik, J	1
Lyons, CR	1
Louie, A	3
Kim, K	1
Brown, DL	3
VanScoy, B	1
Liu, W	2
Kinzig-Schippers, M	1
Sörgel, F	2
Drusano, GL	3
Bassett, A	1
Lehoux, D	1
Arhin, FF	1
Parr, TR	1
Moeck, G	1
Okusanya, OO	1
Okusanya, A	1
Van Scoy, B	1
Kulawy, R	2
Gill, SC	1
Rubino, CM	1
Ambrose, PG	1
Bhavnani, SM	1
Beaudry, A	1
Li, J	1
Stone, KC	1
Critchley, I	1
Janjic, N	1
Purcell, BK	3
Kennedy, JL	1
Bulitta, JB	1
Chatham-Stephens, K	1
Person, MK	1
Cook, R	1
Mongkolrattanothai, T	1
Shin, E	1
Yu, P	1
Negron, ME	1
Bower, WA	2
Hendricks, K	2
McCurdy, S	1
Halasohoris, SA	1
Babyak, AL	1
Lembirik, S	1
Hoover, R	1
Hickman, M	1
Scarff, J	1
Klimko, CP	2
Cote, CK	2
Meinig, JM	1
Stratilo, CW	1
Jager, S	1
Crichton, M	1
Blanchard, JD	1
Perry, MR	1
Ionin, B	1
Barnewall, RE	1
Vassar, ML	1
Reece, JJ	1
Park, S	1
Lemiale, L	1
Skiadopoulos, MH	1
Shearer, JD	1
Savransky, V	1
Kibar Ozturk, M	1
Vietri, NJ	3
Tobery, SA	2
Chabot, DJ	1
Ingavale, S	1
Somerville, BC	1
Miller, JA	1
Schellhase, CW	1
Twenhafel, NA	3
Fetterer, DP	1
Boyer, AE	1
Woolfitt, AR	1
Barr, JR	1
Wright, ME	3
Friedlander, AM	4
Alumasa, JN	1
Goralski, TDP	1
Keiler, KC	1
Ben-Shmuel, A	1
Glinert, I	2
Sittner, A	2
Bar-David, E	2
Schlomovitz, J	2
Brosh, T	1
Kobiler, D	3
Weiss, S	2
Levy, H	2
Tekin, R	1
Ari, S	1
Dal, T	1
Kaya, S	1
Kortak, MZ	1
Dursun, B	1
Dayan, S	1
Pace, S	1
Steigelman, D	1
Norton, SA	1
Krivda, S	1
Turhanoğlu, NM	1
Bayındır Bilman, F	1
Kutlu Yürüker, S	1
Veraldi, S	1
Nazzaro, G	1
Çuka, E	1
Drago, L	1
Chatterjee, K	1
Chaudhuri, A	1
Chatterjee, G	1
Parlak, E	2
Parlak, M	2
Atli, SB	1
Bradley, JS	1
Peacock, G	1
Krug, SE	1
Cohn, AC	1
Meaney-Delman, D	1
Pavia, AT	1
Nandi, AK	1
Kamal, MM	1
Alam, MA	1
Rahman, F	1
Uddin, MJ	1
Baidya, NR	1
Mostafa, SM	1
Denk, A	1
Tartar, AS	1
Ozden, M	1
Demir, B	1
Akbulut, A	1
Altboum, Z	2
Azarkar, Z	1
Bidaki, MZ	1
Allen, KC	1
Sergienko, E	1
Mirza, R	1
Chitale, RA	1
Rasmussen, SL	1
Leffel, EK	2
Kellogg, MD	1
Webster, WM	1
Chraibi, H	1
Haouach, K	1
Azouzi, AI	1
Gaamouche, K	1
Kaidi, A	1
Khalidi, TE	1
Alifadl, A	1
Bjani, L	1
Mountasser, A	1
Migone, TS	1
Subramanian, GM	1
Zhong, J	1
Healey, LM	1
Corey, A	1
Devalaraja, M	1
Lo, L	1
Ullrich, S	1
Zimmerman, J	1
Chen, A	1
Lewis, M	1
Meister, G	1
Gillum, K	1
Sanford, D	1
Mott, J	1
Bolmer, SD	1
Thomas, JM	1
Moen, ST	1
Gnade, BT	1
Vargas-Inchaustegui, DA	1
Foltz, SM	1
Suarez, G	1
Heidner, HW	1
König, R	1
Chopra, AK	2
Peterson, JW	2
Baykam, N	1
Ergonul, O	1
Ulu, A	1
Eren, S	1
Celikbas, A	1
Eroglu, M	1
Dokuzoguz, B	1
Doganay, M	3
Metan, G	2
Alp, E	1
Nelson, M	1
Stagg, AJ	1
Stevens, DJ	1
Brown, MA	1
Pearce, PC	1
Simpson, AJ	3
Lever, MS	2
Duncan, KO	1
Smith, TL	1
Vanscoy, BD	1
Abshire, T	1
Holman, K	1
Veach, RA	1
Zienkiewicz, J	1
Collins, RD	1
Hawiger, J	1
Kayabas, U	1
Karahocagil, MK	1
Ozkurt, Z	1
Bayindir, Y	1
Kalkan, A	1
Akdeniz, H	1
Hicks, CW	1
Sweeney, DA	1
Cui, X	1
Li, Y	1
Eichacker, PQ	1
Siddiqui, MA	1
Khan, MA	1
Ahmed, SS	1
Anwar, KS	1
Akhtaruzzaman, SM	1
Salam, MA	1
Panchal, RG	1
Geller, BL	1
Mellbye, B	1
Lane, D	1
Iversen, PL	1
Bavari, S	1
Atlas, RM	1
Austin, PC	1
Mamdani, MM	1
Jaakkimainen, L	1
Hux, JE	1
Lothstein, LM	1
Chakrabarty, AM	1
Resnik, DB	1
DeVille, KA	1
Kaye, KS	1
Kaye, D	1
Dresser, R	1
Trachtman, H	1
Greenfield, RA	1
Drevets, DA	1
Gilmore, MS	1
Torres-Tortosa, M	1
Caballero-Granado, FJ	1
Moreno, I	1
Canueto, J	1
Gozes, Y	1
Barnea, A	1
Pass, A	1
White, M	1
Levenson, D	1
Williams, JL	1
Noviello, SS	1
Griffith, KS	1
Wurtzel, H	1
Hamborsky, J	1
Perz, JF	1
Williams, IT	1
Hadler, JL	1
Swerdlow, DL	1
Ridzon, R	2
Shepard, CW	1
Soriano-Gabarro, M	1
Zell, ER	1
Hayslett, J	1
Lukacs, S	1
Goldstein, S	1
Factor, S	1
Jones, J	1
Williams, I	1
Rosenstein, N	1
Chen, M	1
Bonat, J	1
Swezey, R	1
Tsai, AC	1
Lurie, P	1
Sehgal, AR	1
Levine, SM	1
Perez-Perez, G	1
Olivares, A	1
Yee, H	1
Hanna, BA	1
Blaser, MJ	1
Coleman, EA	1
Bossi, P	1
Bricaire, F	1
Meyer, MA	1
Kawana, R	1
Holtz, TH	1
Ackelsberg, J	1
Kool, JL	1
Rosselli, R	1
Marfin, A	1
Matte, T	1
Beatrice, ST	1
Heller, MB	1
Hewett, D	1
Moskin, LC	1
Bunning, ML	1
Layton, M	1
Esel, D	1
Sumerkan, B	1
Martin, G	1
Jones, ME	1
Goguen, J	1
Critchley, IA	1
Draghi, DC	1
Karlowsky, JA	1
Sahm, DF	1
Porschen, R	1
Patra, G	1
DelVecchio, VG	1
Vanderford, ML	1
Karginov, VA	1
Robinson, TM	1
Riemenschneider, J	1
Golding, B	1
Kennedy, M	1
Shiloach, J	1
Alibek, K	2
Schultz, CH	1
Fine, AM	1
Wong, JB	1
Fraser, HS	1
Fleisher, GR	1
Mandl, KD	1
Steward, J	1
Sefton, AM	1
Brooks, TJ	1
Fama, U	1
Irace, S	1
Frati, R	1
de Gado, F	1
Scuderi, N	1
Meyerhoff, A	1
Albrecht, R	1
Meyer, JM	1
Dionne, P	1
Higgins, K	1
Murphy, D	1
Hupert, N	1
Chege, W	1
Bearman, GM	1
Pelzman, FN	1
M'ikanatha, NM	1
Julian, KG	1
Kunselman, AR	1
Aber, RC	1
Rankin, JT	1
Lautenbach, E	2
Fidler, DP	1
Martin, SW	1
Tierney, BC	1
Aranas, A	1
Rosenstein, NE	1
Franzke, LH	1
Apicella, L	1
Marano, N	1
McNeil, MM	1
Popov, SG	1
Popova, TG	1
Hopkins, S	1
Weinstein, RS	1
MacAfee, R	1
Fryxell, KJ	1
Chandhoke, V	1
Bailey, C	1
Godyn, JJ	1
Reyes, L	1
Siderits, R	1
Hazra, A	1
Shoop, WL	1
Xiong, Y	1
Wiltsie, J	1
Woods, A	1
Guo, J	1
Pivnichny, JV	1
Felcetto, T	1
Michael, BF	1
Bansal, A	1
Cummings, RT	1
Cunningham, BR	1
Douglas, CM	1
Patel, SB	1
Wisniewski, D	1
Scapin, G	1
Salowe, SP	1
Zaller, DM	1
Chapman, KT	1
Scolnick, EM	1
Schmatz, DM	1
Bartizal, K	1
MacCoss, M	1
Hermes, JD	1
Bork, KH	1
Heegaard, ED	1
Nielsen, J	1
Kogutowska, E	1
Heegaard, NH	1
Erkek, E	1
Ayaslioglu, E	1
Beygo, B	1
Ozluk, U	1
Brook, I	2
Germana, A	2
Giraldo, DE	2
Camp-Hyde, TD	1
Bolduc, DL	1
Foriska, MA	1
Elliott, TB	2
Thakar, JH	2
Shoemaker, MO	2
Jackson, WE	2
Ledney, GD	2
Nicolau, DP	1
Barrow, EW	1
Valderas, MW	1
Bourne, PC	1
Barrow, WW	1
Comer, JE	1
Noffsinger, DM	1
Wenglikowski, A	1
Walberg, KG	1
Chatuev, BM	1
Stanberry, LR	1
Kang, AS	1
Scholz, WW	1
Sircar, J	1
Lawler, JV	1
Rico, P	1
Gamble, CS	1
Sheeler, R	1
Yetkin, MA	1
Erdinc, FS	1
Bulut, C	1
Tulek, N	1
Bindu, M	1
Vengamma, B	1
Kumar, G	1
Meropol, SB	1
Chan, KA	1
Chen, Z	1
Finkelstein, JA	1
Hennessy, S	1
Platt, R	1
Schech, SD	1
Shatin, D	1
Metlay, JP	1
D'iakov, SI	1
Katsalukha, VV	1
Lebedeva, IK	1
Lukashina, AV	1
Raĭskaia, VA	1
Debord, T	1
Vidal, D	1
Josefson, D	1
Eaton, L	1
Charatan, F	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Raxibacumab (Human Monoclonal Antibody to B. Anthracis Protective Antigen) in Healthy Subjects[NCT00639678]	Phase 3	322 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Natural History of Anthrax: A Study of Primary Infected, Recovered, and Exposed (SPoRE) Individuals and Evaluation of AVA Vaccinated Recipients[NCT00050310]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2002-10-31	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number of participants who developed an anti-raxibacumab antibody response during the study were assessed. .Immunogenicity testing was performed to determine if raxibacumab induced an anti-raxibacumab immune response. Testing comprised of 2 assays (screening and confirmatory). The screening assay (direct binding) was an electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based bridging assay. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was used as a positive control. Samples above the assay cut point were considered positive. Samples identified as positive in the screening assay were confirmed positive in a confirmatory assay. Samples must have demonstrated a significant percent drop in the confirmatory inhibition of binding assay to be considered positive. The inhibition of binding confirmatory assay was performed identically to the direct binding screening assay with the exception that the samples were tested in parallel with excess unlabeled raxibacumab. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Thyroid Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo - Single-Dose	0
Placebo - Double-Dose	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0

Clinical thyroid parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Mean Raxibacumab Concentration-time Following a Single IV Infusion Dose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Placebo - Single-Dose	0
Placebo - Double-Dose	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0

Blood was collected from each participant at selected times post dose, and serum specimens were analyzed for raxibacumab using a validated electrochemiluminescense-based assay. The individual serum raxibacumab concentration data were summarized by nominal collection time and treatment group using descriptive statistics. Blood samples for serum raxibacumab concentration measurement were collected from participants who received a single-dose prior to administration of the raxibacumab and diphenhydramine doses on Day 0, at 30 minutes and 2 to 6 hours after completion of the raxibacumab infusion, and at 14, 28, and 56 days after the raxibacumab dose. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Day 0, at 30 minutes and 2 to 6 hours after completion of raxibacumab infusion, and at 14, 28, and 56 days after the raxibacumab dose

Mean Raxibacumab Concentration-time Following Two IV Infusion Doses

Intervention	Micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Mean)
	Predose	30 minutes post-dose	2-6 hours post-dose	Day 14	Day 28	Day 56
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0.048	928.447	881.586	311.669	199.043	89.021

Blood was collected from each participant at selected times post dose, and serum specimens were analyzed for raxibacumab using a validated electrochemiluminescense-based assay. The individual serum raxibacumab concentration data were summarized by nominal collection time and treatment group using descriptive statistics. For the participants that received two doses, blood samples for serum raxibacumab concentration measurement were collected from participants prior to administration of the raxibacumab and diphenhydramine doses on Days 0 and 14, at 30 minutes and 2 to 6 hours after completion of each raxibacumab infusion, and at 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after the 1st raxibacumab dose. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: Pre-dose on Days 0 and 14, at 30 minutes and 2 to 6 hours after completion of each raxibacumab infusion, and at 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after the 1st raxibacumab dose

Number of Participants With Any Adverse Event (AE) or Any Serious Adverse Event (SAE) During the Treatment Period

Intervention	Micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Mean)
	Dose 1 - Predose	Dose 1 - 30 minutes post-dose	Dose 1 - 2-6 hours post-dose	Dose 2 - Predose	Dose 2 - 30 minutes post-dose	Dose 2 - 2-6 hours post-dose	Dose 2 - Day 14	Dose 2 - Day 28	Dose 2 - Day 42	Dose 2 - Day 56
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	1012.564	973.910	314.374	1246.223	1211.572	543.767	334.431	213.463	137.878

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. This includes worsening (eg, increase in frequency or severity) of pre-existing conditions. A serious adverse event (SAE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect. Medical or scientific judgment should be exercised in deciding whether reporting is appropriate in other situations. Refer to the General Adverse AE/SAE module for a complete list of AEs and SAEs. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With at Least a 2-grade Worsening From Baseline in Electrolyte Toxicities

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Any AE	Any SAE
Placebo - Double-Dose	6	1
Placebo - Single-Dose	32	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	10	1
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	103	0

The number of participants with at least a 2-grade worsening from Baseline in electrolyte toxicities were assessed. Electrolyte function parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. Baseline is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With at Least a 2-grade Worsening From Baseline in Hematological Toxicities

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Hypernatremia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hyponatremia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hyperkalemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypokalemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypomagnesemia, any >=2-grade worsening	HrC/adjusted for albumin, any >=2-grade worsening	HoC/adjusted for albumin, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypercalcemia/unadjusted, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypocalcemia/unadjusted, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypophosphatemia, any >=2-grade worsening
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	5

The number of participants with at least a 2-grade worsening from Baseline in hematological toxicities were assessed. Clinical hematological parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. Baseline is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With at Least a 2-grade Worsening From Baseline in Liver Toxicities

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Leukocytosis, any >=2-grade worsening	Leukopenia, any >=2-grade worsening	Neutropenia, any >=2-grade worsening	Lymphopenia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hemoglobin, any >=2-grade worsening	Platelet, any >=2-grade worsening	Prothrombin Time, any >=2-grade worsening	Activated PTT, any >=2-grade worsening
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	2	1	2	1	0	0	2	0

The number of participants with at least a 2-grade worsening from Baseline in liver toxicities were assessed. Liver function parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. Baseline is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With at Least a 2-grade Worsening From Baseline in Other Chemistry Toxicities

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	AST, any >=2-grade worsening	ALT, any >=2-grade worsening	GGT, any >=2-grade worsening	ALP, any >=2-grade worsening	Hyperbilirubinemia, any >=2-grade worsening
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0	1	0	0	0

The number of participants with at least a 2-grade worsening from Baseline in other chemistry toxicities were assessed. Other clinical chemistry parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. Baseline is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With at Least a 2-grade Worsening From Baseline in Urinalysis Toxicities

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Creatinine, any >=2-grade worsening	BUN, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypoalbuminemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hyperuricemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hyperglycemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Hypoglycemia, any >=2-grade worsening	Amylase, any >=2-grade worsening
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	2	3
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	1	3	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	1	2	3

Urinalysis parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. Baseline is defined as the value of the variable measured at Day 0 prior to dosing. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Electrolyte Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Proteinuria, any >=2-grade worsening	Hematuria, any >=2-grade worsening
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	3	4
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	2
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	8	12

Electrolyte function parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Hematological Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Hypernatremia, Grade 1	Hypernatremia, Grade 2	Hypernatremia, Grade 3	Hypernatremia, Grade 4	Hyponatremia, Grade 1	Hyponatremia, Grade 2	Hyponatremia, Grade 3	Hyponatremia, Grade 4	Hyperkalemia, Grade 1	Hyperkalemia, Grade 2	Hyperkalemia, Grade 3	Hyperkalemia, Grade 4	Hypokalemia, Grade 1	Hypokalemia, Grade 2	Hypokalemia, Grade 3	Hypokalemia, Grade 4	Hypomagnesemia, Grade 1	Hypomagnesemia, Grade 2	Hypomagnesemia, Grade 3	Hypomagnesemia, Grade 4	Hypercalcemia (HrC)/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 1	HrC/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 2	HrC/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 3	HrC/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 4	Hypocalcemia (HoC)/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 1	HoC adjusted for albumin, Grade 2	HoC/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 3	HoC/ adjusted for albumin, Grade 4	Hypercalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 1	Hypercalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 2	Hypercalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 3	Hypercalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 4	Hypocalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 1	Hypocalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 2	Hypocalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 3	Hypocalcemia/ unadjusted, Grade 4	Hypophosphatemia, Grade 1	Hypophosphatemia, Grade 2	Hypophosphatemia, Grade 3	Hypophosphatemia, Grade 4
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	20	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0

Clinical hematological parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Liver Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Leukocytosis, Grade 1	Leukocytosis, Grade 2	Leukocytosis, Grade 3	Leukocytosis, Grade 4	Leukopenia, Grade 1	Leukopenia, Grade 2	Leukopenia, Grade 3	Leukopenia, Grade 4	Neutropenia, Grade 1	Neutropenia, Grade 2	Neutropenia, Grade 3	Neutropenia, Grade 4	Lymphopenia, Grade 1	Lymphopenia, Grade 2	Lymphopenia, Grade 3	Lymphopenia, Grade 4	Hemoglobin, Grade 1	Hemoglobin, Grade 2	Hemoglobin, Grade 3	Hemoglobin, Grade 4	Platelet, Grade 1	Platelet, Grade 2	Platelet, Grade 3	Platelet, Grade 4	Prothrombin Time, Grade 1	Prothrombin Time, Grade 2	Prothrombin Time, Grade 3	Prothrombin Time, Grade 4	Activated PartialThromboplastinTime(PTT) , Grade 1	Activated PTT, Grade 2	Activated PTT, Grade 3	Activated PTT, Grade 4
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	4	1	1	0	9	1	0	0	4	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	2	2	0	0	4	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	15	2	1	0	25	6	0	0	8	1	0	1	3	1	0	0	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	10	0	0	0

Liver function parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Other Chemistry Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Grade 1	AST, Grade 2	AST, Grade 3	AST, Grade 4	Alanine amino transferase(ALT), Grade 1	ALT, Grade 2	ALT, Grade 3	ALT, Grade 4	Gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), Grade 1	GGT, Grade 2	GGT, Grade 3	GGT, Grade 4	Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Grade 1	ALP, Grade 2	ALP, Grade 3	ALP, Grade 4	Hyperbilirubinemia, Grade 1	Hyperbilirubinemia, Grade 2	Hyperbilirubinemia, Grade 3	Hyperbilirubinemia, Grade 4
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	7	0	0	0	6	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0

Other chemistry parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Number of Participants With Urinalysis Toxicities of the Indicated Grade

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Creatinine, Grade 1	Creatinine, Grade 2	Creatinine, Grade 3	Creatinine, Grade 4	Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Grade 1	BUN, Grade 2	BUN, Grade 3	BUN, Grade 4	Hypoalbuminemia, Grade 1	Hypoalbuminemia, Grade 2	Hypoalbuminemia, Grade 3	Hypoalbuminemia, Grade 4	Hyperuricemia, Grade 1	Hyperuricemia, Grade 2	Hyperuricemia, Grade 3	Hyperuricemia, Grade 4	Hyperglycemia, Grade 1	Hyperglycemia, Grade 2	Hyperglycemia, Grade 3	Hyperglycemia, Grade 4	Hypoglycemia, Grade 1	Hypoglycemia, Grade 2	Hypoglycemia, Grade 3	Hypoglycemia, Grade 4	Amylase, Grade 1	Amylase, Grade 2	Amylase, Grade 3	Amylase, Grade 4
Placebo - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo - Single-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	15	1	0	0	5	2	0	0	5	4	0	0
Raxibacumab - Double-Dose	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	2	0	0	2	3	0	0	2	1	0	0
Raxibacumab - Single-Dose	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	8	1	0	0	36	1	0	0	11	2	0	0	25	5	1	0

Urinaysis parameters were assessed using the modified Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) toxicity tables, version 2.0. Grade 1 (Mild): Transient or mild discomfort (< 48 hours); no medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 2 (Moderate): Mild to moderate limitation in activity, some assistance may be needed; no or minimal medical intervention or therapy required. Grade 3 (Severe): Marked limitation in activity, some assistance usually required; medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalizations possible. Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Extreme limitation in activity, significant assistance required; significant medical intervention or therapy required, hospitalization or hospice care probable. (NCT00639678)
Timeframe: From the day of the first dose of study agent (Day 0) until Day 56 (single-dose) or until Day 70 (double-dose)

Article	Year
Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947-2019. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022, 10-17, Volume: 75, Issue:Suppl 3 Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infecti	2022
A review of cutaneous anthrax and its outcome. Journal of infection and public health, 2010, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; D	2010
An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users. Intensive care medicine, 2012, Volume: 38, Issue:7 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2012
Bioterriorism: from threat to reality. Annual review of microbiology, 2002, Volume: 56 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Bacterial Infections; Bioterrorism; Botulism; Cattle; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Plagu	2002
[Anthrax in the era of biowarfare]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2003, Feb-01, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Warfare; Biote	2003
Neurologic complications of anthrax: a review of the literature. Archives of neurology, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:4 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Central Nervous System Infections; Ciprofloxacin	2003
[Anthrax]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 2 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans;	2003
US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Aug-01, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin;	2004
Cutaneous anthrax: conservative or surgical treatment? Advances in skin & wound care, 2005, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycy	2005
[Pulmonary anthrax]. Revue de pneumologie clinique, 1998, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Humans; Pneumonia	1998
Preparing for bioterrorism: category A agents. The Nurse practitioner, 2001, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Botulism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans	2001
Cutaneous anthrax: a concise review. Cutis, 2002, Volume: 69, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycl	2002
Anthrax: safe treatment for children. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2002, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Centers for Disease Contr	2002
Cutaneous anthrax: an overview. Dermatology nursing, 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Chil	2002
[Anthrax]. Chudoku kenkyu : Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi = The Japanese journal of toxicology, 2002, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Huma	2002

Article	Year
Raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. The New England journal of medicine, 2009, Jul-09, Volume: 361, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bac	2009
Naturally occurring cutaneous anthrax: antibiotic treatment and outcome. Chemotherapy, 2012, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Fe	2012

Article	Year
Determination of antibiotic efficacy against Bacillus anthracis in a mouse aerosol challenge model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxi	2007
Targeting host cell furin proprotein convertases as a therapeutic strategy against bacterial toxins and viral pathogens. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2007, Jul-20, Volume: 282, Issue:29 Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anthrax; Binding Sites; Furin; Hemagglutinin Glycop	2007
Novel semisynthetic derivative of antibiotic Eremomycin active against drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens including Bacillus anthracis. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2007, Jul-26, Volume: 50, Issue:15 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Glycopeptid	2007
Use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to derive a linezolid regimen that optimizes bacterial kill and prevents emergence of resistance in Bacillus anthracis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Acetamides; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr	2008
Efficacy of oritavancin in a murine model of Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation anthrax. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008, Volume: 52, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Disease Mod	2008
Is 60 days of ciprofloxacin administration necessary for postexposure prophylaxis for Bacillus anthracis? Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008, Volume: 52, Issue:11 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Adm	2008
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of faropenem in a lethal murine Bacillus anthracis inhalation postexposure prophylaxis model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Blood Pr	2010
Efficacy of Daptomycin against Bacillus anthracis in a murine model of anthrax spore inhalation. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Daptomycin; Female; Mice	2010
Efficacy of delafloxacin against the biothreat pathogen Bacillus anthracis. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2023, 03-02, Volume: 78, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Mice; Microbial Sensitiv	2023
Evaluation of liposomal ciprofloxacin formulations in a murine model of anthrax. PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Models, Ani	2020
Development of a guinea pig inhalational anthrax model for evaluation of post-exposure prophylaxis efficacy of anthrax vaccines. Vaccine, 2020, 02-28, Volume: 38, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Models, Animal; Gu	2020
Suspected cutaneous anthrax in rural areas. Journal of infection in developing countries, 2019, 02-28, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Male;	2019
Clindamycin Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Inhalational Anthrax But Does Not Enhance Reduction of Circulating Toxin Levels When Combined With Ciprofloxacin. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021, 02-03, Volume: 223, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacillus anthracis; Bacterial Toxins;	2021
Tetrazole-Based Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2017, Volume: 61, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Benzamides; Cell Line; Ciprofloxacin; M	2017
Treating Anthrax-Induced Meningitis in Rabbits. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitoxins; Bacillus anthracis; Central Nervous System; Cip	2018
Evaluation of cutaneous palpebral anthrax. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 2013, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ampicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus ant	2013
Field-based PCR for rapid diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in the deployed setting using the joint biological agent identification and diagnostic system. Military medicine, 2013, Volume: 178, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Afghan Campaign 2001-; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin	2013
[Four cases of cutaneous anthrax in Diyarbakir, Turkey]. Mikrobiyoloji bulteni, 2013, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Cattle; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Diffe	2013
Anthrax of the lower lip. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 2013, Volume: 116, Issue:6 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; H	2013
Charbon: a classical presentation. International journal of dermatology, 2014, Volume: 53, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Agriculture; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Oc	2014
Unusual cause of fatal anthrax meningitis. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Meningitis; Middle Age	2015
Pediatric anthrax clinical management. Pediatrics, 2014, Volume: 133, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Bacillus anthracis; Biological Warfare Agents; Centers for Di	2014
Cutaneous anthrax in a school teacher. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ, 2014, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Faculty; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Ba	2014
Cutaneous anthrax: evaluation of 28 cases in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 2016, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis	2016
Efficacy of Single and Combined Antibiotic Treatments of Anthrax in Rabbits. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:12 Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus ant	2015
A case report of inhalation anthrax acquired naturally. BMC research notes, 2016, Mar-03, Volume: 9 Topics: Aged; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Fatal	2016
Notes from the Field: Compliance with Postexposure Prophylaxis for Exposure to Bacillus anthracis Among U.S. Military Personnel - South Korea, May 2015. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2017, Jan-06, Volume: 65, Issue:52 Topics: Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Co	2017
A short course of antibiotic treatment is effective in preventing death from experimental inhalational anthrax after discontinuing antibiotics. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009, Feb-01, Volume: 199, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofl	2009
[Cutaneous anthrax: seven cases]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie, 2009, Volume: 136, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Female; Humans; Male; Mid	2009
Recombinant Sindbis virus vectors designed to express protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis protect animals from anthrax and display synergy with ciprofloxacin. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2009, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Neutra	2009
Characteristics of cutaneous anthrax in Turkey. Journal of infection in developing countries, 2009, Sep-15, Volume: 3, Issue:8 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Developing Countries; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema	2009
Post-exposure therapy of inhalational anthrax in the common marmoset. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Callithrix; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Mode	2011
Primary cutaneous infection with Bacillus megaterium mimicking cutaneous anthrax. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2011, Volume: 65, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Bacillus megaterium; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Follow-Up Studi	2011
Differential effects of linezolid and ciprofloxacin on toxin production by Bacillus anthracis in an in vitro pharmacodynamic system. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Acetamides; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bacterial Load; Bacterial Toxins; Ci	2012
Lethality in a murine model of pulmonary anthrax is reduced by combining nuclear transport modifier with antimicrobial therapy. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell-Penetrating Peptides;	2012
Recent outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Bangladesh: clinico-demographic profile and treatment outcome of cases attended at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. BMC research notes, 2012, Aug-28, Volume: 5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bangladesh; Cattle;	2012
Peptide conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers increase survival of mice challenged with Ames Bacillus anthracis. Nucleic acid therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Base Sequence; Cel	2012
Management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2002, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacillus anthracis; Bi	2002
Trends in drug prescriptions among elderly residents of Ontario in the weeks after September 11, 2001. JAMA, 2002, Aug-07, Volume: 288, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Presc	2002
Ciprofloxacin: a warning for clinicians. Connecticut medicine, 2002, Volume: 66, Issue:7 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Humans	2002
Compulsory licensure: the case of Cipro and beyond. The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2002,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Industry; Embryo Research; Federal Government; Humans; In	2002
Bioterrorism and patent rights: "compulsory licensure" and the case of Cipro. The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2002,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Compensation and Redress; Drug Industry; Ethical Analysis; Eth	2002
The Cipro patent and bioterrorism. The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2002,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Industry; Federal Government; Humans; Licensure; Patents	2002
Beyond government intervention: drug companies and bioethics. The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2002,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Bioethics; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conflict of Interest; Drug Industry; Et	2002
Who are the guardians guarding? The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2002,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Industry; Ethical Analysis; Federal Government; Patents a	2002
Anthrax. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 2002, Volume: 95, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Biological Warfare; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Unite	2002
Antimicrobial therapy for anthrax. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2002, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxac	2002
Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: evaluation of various treatment regimens in intranasally infected guinea pigs. Infection and immunity, 2002, Volume: 70, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Female; Guinea Pigs; Microbia	2002
CDC: be alert to symptoms associated with bioterrorism. Report on medical guidelines & outcomes research, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 12, Issue:21 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Ciprofloxacin; Cluster Anal	2001
Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis in postal workers, Connecticut, 2001. Emerging infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylax	2002
Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: adverse events and adherence. Emerging infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infect	2002
Fielding pleas for Cipro. Advance for nurse practitioners, 2001, Volume: 9, Issue:12 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Nurse Pract	2001
An outbreak of web sites selling ciprofloxacin following an outbreak of anthrax by mail. The American journal of medicine, 2002, Oct-01, Volume: 113, Issue:5 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Commerce; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Internet; Postal	2002
PCR-based detection of Bacillus anthracis in formalin-fixed tissue from a patient receiving ciprofloxacin. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2002, Volume: 40, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Biopsy; Ciprofloxacin; Fixatives; Formald	2002
Emergency. Anthrax. The American journal of nursing, 2001, Volume: 101, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bioterrorism;	2001
Isolated case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, New York City, 2001. Emerging infectious diseases, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks; DNA, Bacterial; Environ	2003
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 40 isolates of Bacillus anthracis isolated in Turkey. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Bac	2003
Anthrax: lessons learned from the U.S. Capitol experience. Military medicine, 2003, Volume: 168, Issue:9 Suppl Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2003
Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates of Bacillus anthracis, a bacterial pathogen with the potential to be used in biowarfare. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:9 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Microbial S	2003
Communication lessons learned in the Emergency Operations Center during CDC's anthrax response: a commentary. Journal of health communication, 2003, Volume: 8 Suppl 1 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Ciprofloxacin; Communicatio	2003
Treatment of anthrax infection with combination of ciprofloxacin and antibodies to protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 2004, Jan-15, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacillus anthra	2004
Chinese curses, anthrax, and the risk of bioterrorism. Annals of emergency medicine, 2004, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Ciprofloxacin; Decision Support Techniques;	2004
Is it influenza or anthrax? A decision analytic approach to the treatment of patients with influenza-like illnesses. Annals of emergency medicine, 2004, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Ciprofloxacin; Decision Support Techniques;	2004
Post-exposure prophylaxis of systemic anthrax in mice and treatment with fluoroquinolones. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2004, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Aza Compounds; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Female; F	2004
Is it a real risk to take ciprofloxacin? Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2004, Volume: 114, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Male; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Tendin	2004
Antibiotics for anthrax: patient requests and physician prescribing practices during the 2001 New York City attacks. Archives of internal medicine, 2004, Oct-11, Volume: 164, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bioterrorism	2004
Patients' request for and emergency physicians' prescription of antimicrobial prophylaxis for anthrax during the 2001 bioterrorism-related outbreak. BMC public health, 2005, Jan-05, Volume: 5 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Dr	2005
Bioterrorism, public health, and international law. Chicago journal of international law, 2002,Spring, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Anthrax; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Commerce; Communicable Disease Control; Criminal Law; Developi	2002
An overview of adverse events reported by participants in CDC's anthrax vaccine and antimicrobial availability program. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2005, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agen	2005
Effective antiprotease-antibiotic treatment of experimental anthrax. BMC infectious diseases, 2005, Apr-08, Volume: 5 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bacterial Proteins; Ciprofloxacin; Drug	2005
Anthrax lethal factor inhibition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, May-31, Volume: 102, Issue:22 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacillus anthracis; Bacterial Toxins; Ciprofloxacin; Crystall	2005
[Evaluation of anthrax vaccination in Denmark]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2005, Sep-05, Volume: 167, Issue:36 Topics: Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Denmark; Humans; Safe	2005
An unusually extensive case of cutaneous anthrax in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus. Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2005, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	2005
Clindamycin and quinolone therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in 60Co-gamma-photon-irradiated and sham-irradiated mice. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2005, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aza Compounds; Bacillus anthracis; Bl	2005
Comparison of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin therapy for Bacillus anthracis Sterne infection in mice with or without (60)Co gamma-photon irradiation. Journal of medical microbiology, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:Pt 12 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Cobalt; Drug Therapy, Combin	2005
Newly developed colorimetric drug screening assay for Bacillus anthracis. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Colorimetry; Coloring Agents; Doxycycline;	2006
Human monoclonal anti-protective antigen antibody completely protects rabbits and is synergistic with ciprofloxacin in protecting mice and guinea pigs against inhalation anthrax. Infection and immunity, 2006, Volume: 74, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigen	2006
Short-course postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis combined with vaccination protects against experimental inhalational anthrax. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, May-16, Volume: 103, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Pr	2006
Cutaneous anthrax as an occupational disease in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Saudi medical journal, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agriculture; Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Baci	2006
Anthrax meningoencephalitis successfully treated. European journal of neurology, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Brain Edema; Cefoperazone; Cerebrospinal F	2007
Adverse events associated with prolonged antibiotic use. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2008, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Bacteri	2008
[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in experimental anthrax infection]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 1994, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Pre	1994
US fear of bioterrorism spreads as anthrax cases increase. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Oct-20, Volume: 323, Issue:7318 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Fear; Florida; Humans; New York	2001
UK doctors given guidance on dealing with anthrax. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Oct-20, Volume: 323, Issue:7318 Topics: Abattoirs; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Health Personnel; Humans	2001
Anthrax blamed as two postal workers die in United States. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Oct-27, Volume: 323, Issue:7319 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Male; Occupational Diseases; Po	2001
Bioterrorism. Researchers question obsession with Cipro. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2001, Oct-26, Volume: 294, Issue:5543 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacillus anthracis; Bact	2001
War on terror. A run on antibiotics. Newsweek, 2001, Oct-22, Volume: 138, Issue:17 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance,	2001
Anthrax. Deadly delivery. Time, 2001, Oct-22, Volume: 158, Issue:18 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; S	2001
Protecting yourself. U.S. news & world report, 2001, Oct-22, Volume: 131, Issue:17 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Planning Te	2001
Update: Investigation of anthrax associated with intentional exposure and interim public health guidelines, October 2001. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Oct-19, Volume: 50, Issue:41 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Female	2001
Post-exposure anthrax prophylaxis. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 2001, Oct-29, Volume: 43, Issue:1116-1117 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ba	2001
Bayer cuts price of ciprofloxacin after Bush threatens to buy generics. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Nov-03, Volume: 323, Issue:7320 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Costs; Drug Industry; Drugs, Gener	2001
Be a patriot. Don't hoard Cipro! Time, 2001, Oct-29, Volume: 158, Issue:19 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Democracy; Humans; Social Values; Unite	2001
Attempts to stem Anthrax fears stumble. Circulation, 2001, Nov-06, Volume: 104, Issue:19 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Centers for Disease Control and	2001
Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Oct-26, Volume: 50, Issue:42 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Chi	2001
Cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infection. The New England journal of medicine, 2001, Nov-29, Volume: 345, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Arm; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Male; New Yor	2001
Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Nov-02, Volume: 50, Issue:43 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; B	2001
Into the zone of the unknown. It's been the blind leading the blind through the maze of anthrax. U.S. news & world report, 2001, Nov-05, Volume: 131, Issue:19 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Cipr	2001
What you should know. Confusion about anthrax and what to do about it abounds; here are answers, straight and up to date. U.S. news & world report, 2001, Nov-05, Volume: 131, Issue:19 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Occupa	2001
Clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure: report of 2 surviving patients. JAMA, 2001, Nov-28, Volume: 286, Issue:20 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Blood; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin;	2001
Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Nov-09, Volume: 50, Issue:44 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2001
Update: Interim recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Nov-16, Volume: 50, Issue:45 Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bioterrorism; Breast Fee	2001
Anthrax. A 'sure killer' yields to medicine. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2001, Nov-30, Volume: 294, Issue:5548 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Child; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Disease Susceptibility; Drug	2001
Winter, plague and pestilence. Genome biology, 2001, Volume: 2, Issue:11 Topics: Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Biological Warfare; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; History, 19th Century;	2001
Bioterrorism. Lessons learned so far. Harvard health letter, 2001, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Postal Service; Risk; Uncertain	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigation of anthrax associated with intentional exposure and interim public health guidelines, October 2001. JAMA, 2001, Nov-07, Volume: 286, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Female	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001. JAMA, 2001, Nov-14, Volume: 286, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Chi	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis. JAMA, 2001, Nov-21, Volume: 286, Issue:19 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2001
Overlooked in Cipro hype: other anti-anthrax meds. Managed care (Langhorne, Pa.), 2001, Volume: 10, Issue:11 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Humans; Penicillins; Tetra	2001
Ciprofloxacin frenzy. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2001, Dec-01, Volume: 58, Issue:23 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Utilization; Internet; Pharmacies; Pharmacists	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. JAMA, 2001, Nov-28, Volume: 286, Issue:20 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. JAMA, 2001, Dec-05, Volume: 286, Issue:21 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bioterrorism; Breast Feeding; Child;	2001
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: adverse events associated with anthrax prophylaxis among postal employees--New Jersey, New York City, and the District of Columbia metropolitan area, 2001. JAMA, 2001, Dec-19, Volume: 286, Issue:23 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2001
TRIPS: generic irony. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2002, Volume: 52, Issue:474 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Industry; Drugs, Generic; HIV I	2002
In shift, disease agency recommends combinations of antibiotics for anthrax cases. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Ciprofloxacin; Dru	2001
The generics--other drugs to combat anthrax are in ample supply. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drugs, Generic; Humans; United States	2001
Post-exposure anthrax prophylaxis. Connecticut medicine, 2001, Volume: 65, Issue:12 Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Child	2001
Cutaneous anthrax. Medicine and health, Rhode Island, 2001, Volume: 84, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline; Hum	2001
Fast tracking drugs to patients. Drug approval agencies are frequently criticised for either being too slow or too fast. EMBO reports, 2002, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Approval; Europe; Time Factors; Un	2002
Update: adverse events associated with anthrax prophylaxis among postal employees--New Jersey, New York City, and the District of Columbia metropolitan area, 2001. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001, Nov-30, Volume: 50, Issue:47 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxa	2001
Anthrax: ENT manifestations and current concepts. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2002, Volume: 126, Issue:1 Topics: Anthrax; Anthrax Vaccines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Ciprofl	2002
Staying healthy. Playing chicken with our antibiotics. Overtreatment is creating dangerously resistent germs. Time, 2002, Jan-21, Volume: 159, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter Infections; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, M	2002
Anthrax and other microbial threats. Scottish medical journal, 2001, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Warfare; Bioterrorism; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks;	2001
Clinical issues in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax. Emerging infectious diseases, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Anthrax; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.	2002
Active systemic anthrax infection or lingering anthrax infection of cerebrospinal compartment? The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 2002, Volume: 102, Issue:5 Topics: Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; Bacteremia; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Prognosis; Seve	2002

ciprofloxacin and Bacillus anthracis Infection