cinidon-ethyl and Hyperlipidemias

Ordinary and hyperlipidemic rats were gavaged with lotus seed resistant starch (LRS), and the structure of the small intestinal flora and bile acids composition were determined for four groups of rats to construct a relationship network diagram between different bacterial genera, bile acids and blood lipid profiles, revealing a microbial mechanism for the lipid-lowering effect of LRS in hyperlipidemic rats. LRS inhibited the growth of Romboutsia, Bacillus, Blautia, norank_f__Muribaculaceae and norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in hyperlipidemic rats. Meanwhile LRS promoted the production of primary bile acids (CA, CDCA, β-MCA) and secondary bile acids (LCA, UDCA), and reduced the contents of TCA, Dehydro-LCA, isoLCA, LCA-3-S and THDCA in hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, Blautia, norank_f__Muribaculaceae and norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group were positively correlated with Dehydro-LCA, isoLCA, TCA, LCA-3-S, TCHO, TG and LDL-C. In summary, LRS improves blood lipid levels by regulating small intestinal flora and accelerating the breakdown of cholesterol into bile acids in the liver.

Topics: Animals; Bacteroidetes; Bile Acids and Salts; Clostridiales; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperlipidemias; Lotus; Rats; Resistant Starch; Seeds

Dietary polyphenols have shown hypolipidemic effects by reducing triglyceride absorption. The mechanisms may involve modifying fat emulsion during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and suppressing lipase during hydrolysis in the small intestine. In an in vivo study, lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) decreased total serum triglyceride and total cholesterol and elevated the high-density lipoprotein level in the hyperlipidemic rat model. In addition, LSOPC suppressed de novo lipogenesis-related gene expressions. In an in vitro study, the LSOPC-enriched emulsion decreased the mean droplet size from 0.36 to 0.33 μm and increased the viscosity of the emulsion. Moreover, the LSOPC-enriched emulsion improved the antioxidant properties. A digestion model was developed and showed that the particle size of the LSOPC-enriched emulsion increased in the oral cavity. However, an increase and then a significant drop of the particle size was measured in the stomach and small intestine. The free fatty acid release rate was decreased in the LSOPC-enriched emulsion partly ascribed to the inhibition of lipase by LSOPC.

Topics: Animals; Biflavonoids; Catechin; Digestion; Emulsions; Fats; Gastric Mucosa; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Lotus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Particle Size; Plant Extracts; Proanthocyanidins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seeds