chromomycins and Neoplasms

Topics: Acrylates; Alkylating Agents; Ancitabine; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Azacitidine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromomycins; Cisplatin; DNA, Neoplasm; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Etoposide; Humans; Ifosfamide; Leukemia L1210; Mice; Mitosis; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Razoxane; Tegafur; Teniposide; United States

Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromomycins; Dogs; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Olivomycins; Plicamycin; Rabbits; Rats

A striking chemotherapeutically curative effect on tumor was obtained by means of temporary interruption of regional blood flow combined with local hyperthermia. By analyzing various basic conditions required for this system using Ehrlich tumor implanted in the hind limbs of mice, the following were found to be essentially indispensable to obtain satisfactory chemotherapeutic effects: (a) a time interval of 1 to 3 min after systemic i.v. administration of drug to the mice, (b) use of a tourniquet on the tumor-bearing mouse limb to stop blood flow, and (c) warming at 37-41 degrees (d) for a period of at least 30 to 60 min. Among the chemotherapeutic drugs tested in the present study, Carbazilquinone (NSC 134679) was the most effective because it revealed the strongest antitumor effect despite its relative innocuousness to nontumorous adjacent normal tissues. Applying the present method, a large syngeneic mouse sarcoma transplanted to the limb 7 days before the experiment also completely regressed in 6 of 9 mice.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbazilquinone; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Chromomycins; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Drug Administration Schedule; Edema; Female; Hot Temperature; Mice; Mitomycins; Muscular Atrophy; Neoplasms; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Regional Blood Flow; Sarcoma, Experimental; Time Factors; Triethylenephosphoramide

Chromomycin A3 was given to 43 patients with metastatic cancer in order to determine the tolerable dose when the drug was administered on an every-other-day dose schedule for a total of five iv push injections, with the course of therapy being repeated every 4 weeks. At least three patients were entered at each dose level, graduated in 0.1-mg/m2 increments between 0.7 and 1.6 mg/m2. The most common (19 patients) side effect was nausea and/or vomiting, but this was usually mild, lasted for a few hours, and diminished in severity with repeated injections. Skin necrosis due to drug extravasation was a problem early in the study, but was eliminated by injecting the drug through iv tubing. Transient elevations in SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels were observed, but proved not to be of serious consequence. Renal toxicity proved to be the limiting factor in therapy. However, a dose level of 1.3 mg/m2 was found to be a tolerable level of drug administration in previously untreated patients. Objective tumor responses were noted in four patients (Hodgkin's disease, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and malignant melanoma).

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chromomycins; Colonic Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Mandibular Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromomycins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluorouracil; Furans; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Neoplasms; Prednisolone; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Chromomycins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prednisolone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromomycins; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; Male; Mechlorethamine; Methotrexate; Mice; Middle Aged; Mitomycins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Stomach Neoplasms; Vincristine