Page last updated: 2024-08-22

chromium and Cardiovascular Diseases

chromium has been researched along with Cardiovascular Diseases in 48 studies

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199021 (43.75)18.7374
1990's7 (14.58)18.2507
2000's8 (16.67)29.6817
2010's7 (14.58)24.3611
2020's5 (10.42)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Eghbalian, M; Hashemi, M; Mahmoudi-Moghaddam, H; Malakootian, M; Nasab, H; Rajabi, S1
Chen, J; Davison, KM; Deol, LK; Kan, M; Ratnasekera, P; Thakkar, V1
Ahmadirad, H; Akbarzadeh, M; Daneshpour, MS; Farhadnejad, H; Hosseini-Esfahani, F; Mirmiran, P; Mokhtari, E; Riahi, P; Teymoori, F; Vafa, M; Zahedi, AS; Zarkesh, M1
Banda, R; Bi, R; Cao, X; Demoz, RM; Fu, M; Hao, J; Huo, Y; Liu, J; Pi, J; Tian, S; Wang, S; Xin, C1
Chen, B; Cui, L; Xiong, Q; Ye, J; Yin, Q; Zhan, Y; Zhang, X1
Alonso-Gómez, Á; Arós, F; Bulló, M; Castañer, O; Corella, D; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fito, M; Gómez-Gracia, E; Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M; Lapetra, J; Mariscal, A; Martínez-González, MÁ; Muñoz-Bravo, C; Pintó, X; Portoles, O; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Serra-Majem, L1
Eijnde, BO; Hansen, D; Keytsman, C; Verboven, K; Wens, I1
Awe, MA; Ngala, RA; Nsiah, P1
Allocco, DJ; Calabria, P; Capodanno, D; Crowley, JJ; Dawkins, KD; Erglis, A; Gilbert, TJ; Horváth, IG; Menown, IB; Moreno, R; Tamburino, C1
Bharagava, RN; Mishra, S1
Bai, J; He, K; Jacobs, DR; Liu, K; Morris, S; Xun, P1
Al Hussaini, H; Dafterdar, R; Price Evans, DA; Sobki, SH; Tariq, M1
Vincent, JB2
Yki-Järvinen, H1
Havel, PJ1
Hu, FB; Li, T; Morris, JS; Rajpathak, S; Rimm, EB; Stampfer, MJ; Willett, WC1
Daly, A; Finch, M; Geohas, J; Juturu, V; Komorowski, JR1
Hummel, M; Schnell, O; Standl, E1
Simonoff, M1
Masironi, R; Shaper, AG1
McCarty, MF1
Anderson, RA2
Semennikova, TK; Zislin, DM1
Fournier-Betz, M; Mantout, B; Moulin, JJ; Mur, JM; Smagghe, G; Wild, P1
Gropper, SS; Thomas, VL1
Mirsky, N1
Davies, S; Howard, M; Hunnisett, A; McLaren Howard, J1
Anderson, RA; Bryden, NA; Bureau, I; Favier, M; Polansky, MM; Roussel, AM1
Sharrett, AR1
Moses, HA1
Naess, K3
Mancinella, A1
Huttunen, JK; Virtamo, J1
Belitskaia, EN; Paran'ko, NM1
Hewitt, D; Johansen, HL; Langner, N; Marier, J; Neri, LC1
Masironi, R; Mertz, W; Wolf, W1
Draganov, V; Vladimirov, V1
Bierenbaum, ML; Dunn, JP; Fleischman, AI; Hayton, T; Pattison, DC; Watson, PB1
Schroeder, HA1
Masironi, R2
Anspaugh, LR; Robison, WL1
Nason, AP; Schroeder, HA; Tipton, IH1

Reviews

18 review(s) available for chromium and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Effect of chromium supplementation on hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
    Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 2021, Volume: 42

    Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2021
Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategies.
    Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews, 2016, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carcinogens, Environmental; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Industry; Mutagens; Plants

2016
Chromium: celebrating 50 years as an essential element?
    Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003), 2010, Apr-28, Volume: 39, Issue:16

    Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Lipid Metabolism

2010
Nonglycemic effects of insulin.
    Clinical cornerstone, 2003, Volume: Suppl 4

    Topics: Amino Acids; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Nicotinic Acids; Platelet Aggregation; Vasodilation

2003
A scientific review: the role of chromium in insulin resistance.
    The Diabetes educator, 2004, Volume: Suppl

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors

2004
Chromium in metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2007, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Insulin; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome; Models, Biological; Nutritional Requirements; Risk Factors

2007
Epidemiological studies of health effects of water from different sources.
    Annual review of nutrition, 1981, Volume: 1

    Topics: Cadmium; Calcium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Climate; Fluorine; Humans; Iodine; Lithium; Magnesium; Minerals; Silicon; Sodium; United Kingdom; Water Supply

1981
Nutritional role of chromium.
    The Science of the total environment, 1981, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Soil; Yeast, Dried

1981
[Chromium--essential trace element for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases].
    Harefuah, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 132, Issue:2

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Trace Elements

1997
Elucidating a biological role for chromium at a molecular level.
    Accounts of chemical research, 2000, Volume: 33, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carrier Proteins; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Picolinic Acids

2000
The role of chemical constituents of drinking water in cardiovascular diseases.
    American journal of epidemiology, 1979, Volume: 110, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cadmium; Calcium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chromium; Copper; Coronary Disease; Female; Finland; Hardness; Humans; Hypertension; Lead; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged; Tissue Distribution; Trace Elements; United Kingdom; United States; Water Supply; Zinc

1979
[Importance of essential macronutrients in the human organism: the role of chromium].
    La Clinica terapeutica, 1988, May-31, Volume: 125, Issue:4

    Topics: Alcoholism; Amino Acids; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Nicotinic Acids

1988
Minerals, trace elements and cardiovascular disease. An overview.
    Annals of clinical research, 1988, Volume: 20, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Copper; Fluorides; Humans; Magnesium Deficiency; Minerals; Selenium; Trace Elements; Zinc

1988
Magnesium and certain other elements and cardiovascular disease.
    The Science of the total environment, 1985, Mar-15, Volume: 42, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cadmium; Cadmium Poisoning; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Chromium; Copper; Coronary Disease; Geography; Humans; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Male; Middle Aged; Trace Elements; Water; Zinc

1985
Trace elements in human nutrition. Report of a WHO expert committee.
    World Health Organization technical report series, 1973, Volume: 532

    Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Boron; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child, Preschool; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Food Analysis; Humans; Infant; Lead; Lithium; Magnesium; Manganese; Mercury; Methods; Milk; Molybdenum; Nickel; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Selenium; Tin; Trace Elements; Vanadium; Zinc

1973
[Microelements and cardiovascular diseases].
    Vutreshni bolesti, 1974, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: Angina Pectoris; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Manganese; Myocardial Infarction; Nickel; Rabbits; Trace Elements; Zinc

1974
Trace elements and cardiovascular diseases.
    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1969, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chickens; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Dogs; Fluorine; Humans; Manganese; Mice; Nickel; Rabbits; Rats; Selenium; Silicon; Trace Elements; Vanadium; Zinc

1969
Trace elements in biology and medicine.
    Progress in atomic medicine, 1971, Volume: 3

    Topics: Activation Analysis; Animals; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Deficiency Diseases; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Female; Fluorometry; Foodborne Diseases; Fresh Water; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Selenium; Spectrophotometry; Trace Elements

1971

Trials

3 trial(s) available for chromium and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects - Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) Study.
    Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2017, Jul-25, Volume: 81, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Chromium; Diet, Mediterranean; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Spain

2017
Chromium picolinate and biotin combination reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial.
    The American journal of the medical sciences, 2007, Volume: 333, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Biotin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Triglycerides

2007
Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors.
    Biological trace element research, 1996, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromium; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Niacin; Risk Factors; Triglycerides

1996

Other Studies

27 other study(ies) available for chromium and Cardiovascular Diseases

ArticleYear
Association of As, Pb, Cr, and Zn urinary heavy metals levels with predictive indicators of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children and adolescents.
    Chemosphere, 2022, Volume: 294

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arsenic; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Chromium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Lead; Male; Metals, Heavy; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; Zinc

2022
Blood Chromium Levels and Their Association with Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, and Depression: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016.
    Nutrients, 2022, Jun-28, Volume: 14, Issue:13

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence

2022
Familial resemblance and family-based heritability of nutrients intake in Iranian population: Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study.
    BMC public health, 2023, 09-14, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Iran; Likelihood Functions; Male; Nutrients; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamins

2023
A study on the protective effects of taxifolin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and THP-1 cells damaged by hexavalent chromium: a probable mechanism for preventing cardiovascular disease induced by heavy metals.
    Food & function, 2020, May-01, Volume: 11, Issue:5

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Gene Expression Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; MAP Kinase Kinase 4; Metals, Heavy; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Quercetin; THP-1 Cells

2020
Elevated cardiovascular risk factors in multiple sclerosis.
    Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2017, Volume: 17

    Topics: Amino Acids; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heart Rate; Humans; Insulin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Nicotinic Acids; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors

2017
The effects of plasma chromium on lipid profile, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A case - control study.
    PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Risk Factors

2018
One-year outcomes in unselected patients treated with a thin-strut, platinum-chromium, paclitaxel-eluting stent: primary endpoint results from the TAXUS Element European post-approval surveillance study (TE-PROVE).
    EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Stenosis; Drug-Eluting Stents; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Revascularization; Paclitaxel; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platinum; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Prospective Studies; Reoperation; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome; Tubulin Modulators

2015
Chromium exposure and incidence of metabolic syndrome among American young adults over a 23-year follow-up: the CARDIA Trace Element Study.
    Scientific reports, 2015, Oct-22, Volume: 5

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; United States; Young Adult

2015
Chromium chloride administration causes a substantial reduction of coronary lipid deposits, aortic lipid deposits, and serum cholesterol concentration in rabbits.
    Biological trace element research, 2009, Volume: 130, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chlorides; Cholesterol; Chromium; Chromium Compounds; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Coronary Vessels; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Hypercholesterolemia; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Male; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Toxicity Tests

2009
Lower toenail chromium in men with diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with healthy men.
    Diabetes care, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Chromium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nails; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Toes

2004
Chromium deficiency and cardiovascular risk.
    Cardiovascular research, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:10

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Humans; Hypoxia; Insulin; Lipid Metabolism; Nicotinic Acids; Rats; Risk

1984
The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor.
    Medical hypotheses, 1980, Volume: 6, Issue:11

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemia; Immunity; Insulin; Kwashiorkor; Malabsorption Syndromes; Mice; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Nicotinic Acids; Obesity; Organometallic Compounds; Parkinson Disease; Rats

1980
[Role of industrial factors in the development of cardiovascular system diseases in the workers of a ferrochrome smelting shop].
    Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia, 1982, Issue:8

    Topics: Absenteeism; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Chromium Alloys; Female; Humans; Male; Metallurgy; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Siberia

1982
Mortality from lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases among stainless-steel producing workers.
    Cancer causes & control : CCC, 1993, Volume: 4, Issue:2

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Cohort Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Hot Temperature; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Occupational Exposure; Polycyclic Compounds; Risk Factors; Silicon Dioxide; Stainless Steel; Time Factors

1993
Age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872 patients--implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Characteristics; Sweat

1997
Beneficial effects of hormonal replacement therapy on chromium status and glucose and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
    Maturitas, 2002, May-20, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromium; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dydrogesterone; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Fructosamine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Leptin; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Reference Values

2002
Trace elements: an association with cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.
    Journal of the National Medical Association, 1979, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Copper; Humans; Hypertension; Manganese; Rats; Trace Elements

1979
[The significance of chromium for metabolic cardiovascular syndrome].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1992, Aug-30, Volume: 112, Issue:20

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Humans; Risk Factors; Syndrome

1992
[The significance of chromium in metabolic cardiovascular disease].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1992, Mar-20, Volume: 112, Issue:8

    Topics: Amino Acids; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Syndrome

1992
[The role of chromium in metabolic cardiovascular syndrome].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1992, Mar-30, Volume: 112, Issue:9

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Syndrome

1992
Trace elements and cardiovascular diseases.
    Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 1986, Volume: 59 Suppl 7

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Copper; Humans; Insulin; Lipids; Trace Elements; Zinc

1986
[Experimental study on the combined effect of chromium trioxide aerosol and noise on the cardiovascular system].
    Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia, 1986, Issue:3

    Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Chromium Compounds; Noise; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

1986
Chromium in refined and unrefined sugars--possible nutritional implications in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases.
    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1973, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Food-Processing Industry; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Trace Elements; World Health Organization

1973
Serum parameters in hard and soft water communities.
    American journal of public health, 1973, Volume: 63, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Calcium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Lipids; London; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged; Nebraska; North Carolina; Phospholipids; Scotland; Smoking; Triglycerides; Water Softening; Water Supply; Zinc

1973
The role of trace elements in cardiovascular diseases.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 1974, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Africa; Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Asia; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromium; Coronary Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Drinking; Endomyocardial Fibrosis; Europe; Geography; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Manganese; Myocardial Infarction; Rats; Trace Elements; United States; Water; Water Supply

1974
Minerals in the body. Upsetting the balance.
    Indian journal of pediatrics, 1972, Volume: 39, Issue:291

    Topics: Cadmium; Calcium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chromium; Coronary Disease; Geological Phenomena; Geology; Humans; Hypertension; Magnesium; Trace Elements; Water Softening; Water Supply

1972
Chromium deficiency as a factor in atherosclerosis.
    Journal of chronic diseases, 1970, Volume: 23, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Body Composition; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromium; Colorimetry; Deficiency Diseases; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Edible Grain; Ethnicity; Female; Geography; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Oils; Organ Specificity; Spectrophotometry; Trace Elements; United States

1970