chondroitin-sulfates and Varicose-Veins

A 33-year-old man presented with hepatic encephalopathy and was diagnosed to have a noncirrhotic extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (NCPSS). He presented with abdominal pain 16 months after the NCPSS diagnosis. Computed tomography revealed thrombosis between the intrahepatic portal vein and the left internal iliac vein, including the NCPSS, and varices of the sigmoid colon. Thrombosis was treated with danaparoid sodium and antithrombin III followed by edoxaban. After treatment, the thrombosis disappeared from the intrahepatic portal vein, but it remained in the NCPSS. The sigmoid colon varices were followed up without any treatment. Follow-up is needed in NCPSS patients in order to make an early detection of complications.

Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Chondroitin Sulfates; Colon, Sigmoid; Dermatan Sulfate; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Heparitin Sulfate; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Portal Vein; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Pyridines; Thiazoles; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome; Varicose Veins

Mechanical properties of the vein wall are determined by extracellular matrix components, including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of enzymes involved in GAGs degradation pathway in the wall of varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis, when compared to the wall of normal ones.. Normal, varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis were collected during surgical treatment of 10 patients. Activities of endoglycosidases, sulphatases and exoglycosidases were assessed according to colorimetric methods.. Activities of neutral endoglycosidases degrading chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) and heparan sulphate (HS) were decreased, whereas activities of neutral endoglycosidases degrading dermatan sulphate and hyaluronic acid were increased in varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis. Activities of acidic endoglycosidases degrading C4S and HS were decreased in varicose veins and varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis, whereas activity of acidic endoglycosidases degrading chondroitin-6-sulphate was decreased only in varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis. Furthermore increased activities of arylosulphatase B, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and alpha-L-iduronidase were demonstrated in varicose veins, as well as in varicose veins complicated by thrombophlebitis.. Changed activities of GAGs-degrading enzymes may contribute to previously reported changes in the content and molecular differentiation of GAGs in the wall of varicose veins that may play a role in the disease pathogenesis.

Topics: Adult; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; Chondroitin Sulfates; Colorimetry; Dermatan Sulfate; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Glycoside Hydrolases; Heparitin Sulfate; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Iduronidase; Male; N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase; Saphenous Vein; Sulfatases; Thrombophlebitis; Varicose Veins

We compared the glycosaminoglycan content of human venous and arterial walls. The most abundant glycosaminoglycan in human veins is dermatan sulfate whereas chondroitin 4/6-sulfate is preponderant in arteries. The concentrations of chondroitin 4/6-sulfate and heparan sulfate are approximately 4.8- and approximately 2.5-fold higher in arteries than in veins whereas dermatan sulfate contents are similar in the two types of blood vessels. Normal and varicose saphenous veins do not differ in their glycosaminoglycan contents. It is known that certain glycosaminoglycan species from the arterial wall, mainly high-molecular-weight fractions of dermatan sulfate+chondroitin 4/6-sulfate have greater affinity for plasma LDL. These types of glycosaminoglycans can be identified on a LDL-affinity column. We now demonstrated that a similar population of glycosaminoglycan also occurs in veins, although with a lower concentration than in the arteries due to less chondroitin 4/6-sulfate with affinity for LDL. The concentrations of dermatan sulfate species, which interact with LDL, are similar in arteries and veins. The presence of these glycosaminoglycans with affinity to plasma LDL in veins raises interesting questions concerning the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Possibly, the presence of these glycosaminoglycans in the vessel wall are not sufficient to cause retention of LDL and consequently endothelial dysfunction, but may require additional intrinsic factors and/or the hydrodynamic of the blood under the arterial pressure.

Topics: Adult; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteries; Chemical Fractionation; Chondroitin Sulfates; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Dermatan Sulfate; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Middle Aged; Saphenous Vein; Varicose Veins

Topics: Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen; Hexuronic Acids; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Saphenous Vein; Varicose Veins