chondroitin-sulfates and Retinal-Perforations

This study examines the impact of corneal surface lubricants used during pars plana vitrectomy on corneal edema.. This prospective, observational, clinical study occurred at an academic institution. Participants were individuals aged 18 years and older who had already consented to undergo pars plana vitrectomy, without pre-existing corneal pathology. A corneal lubricant was chosen by the surgeon. Corneal thickness was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using pachymetry and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Main outcome measure was change in corneal thickness as measured by pachymetry.. Forty-one patients completed the study protocol. The 23 subjects in the SHCS group had a significantly smaller increase in corneal thickness as measured by pachymetry compared with the 18 subjects in the HPMC group (29.9 μm vs. 58.1 μm, P value 0.02). When measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the SHCS group had a smaller increase in corneal thickness compared with the HPMC group (0.04 mm vs. 0.06 mm, P value 0.09) but did not reach significance.. SHCS is associated with reduced postoperative increase in corneal pachymetry as compared to HPMC.

Topics: Aged; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cornea; Corneal Pachymetry; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypromellose Derivatives; Lubricants; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vitrectomy; Vitreous Hemorrhage

To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes in patients with epiretinal membrane-induced full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).. Consecutive cases with epiretinal membrane-induced FTMH followed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed (study group, 24 cases). The criteria of epiretinal membrane-induced FTMH selection were 1) documented lamellar macular hole before FTMH formation, 2) FTMH with lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation at the hole edge, and 3) FTMH with wider inner opening and narrower base. Consecutively treated Stage 2 (Control A, 20 cases) and Stage 4 (Control B, 22 cases) MH patients served as controls. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months after treatment.. Patients in the study group were younger and had a higher rate of high myopia than Controls A and B. The average hole size (203.6 ± 104.9 μm) was similar to that in Control A group and smaller than that in Control B group; the postoperative visual improvement (2-3 lines in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) was lower than that in Control A and B groups. Similar results were found when excluding high myopia cases from the study group.. Epiretinal membrane-induced FTMH has distinct features from the typical Stage 2 or 4 FTMH. Despite the small size, visual improvement is not as good as that in Stage 2 FTMH.

Topics: Aged; Chondroitin Sulfates; Coloring Agents; Drug Combinations; Endotamponade; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Myopia, Degenerative; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

Recent observations have shown that the glial scar resulting from a surgical lesion of the immature retina differs from elsewhere in the central nervous system, in that it permits the through growth and reconnection of regenerating axons. This study in the opossum examines in detail the development and reaction to injury of retinal glia at different developmental stages, and specifically examines the distribution of the gliosis related inhibitory molecule, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG), making comparisons with a control site of gliosis in the cerebral cortex.. A linear slit was cut into the retina or cortex with a fine tungsten probe. After a variable time delay, immunocytochemistry of the resulting gliosis was employed to detect astrocytes with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Müller cells with vimentin, and CSPG with CS-56 antibodies. GFAP was also used at different ages to examine the normal development of astrocytes in the retina of this species.. Astrocytes entered the retina 12 days after birth (P12), closely associated with blood vessels in the nerve fibre layer. In experiments at all ages studied, cellular continuity was re-established across the lesioned retina, which did not result in a significant astrocyte proliferation or CSPG expression. In contrast, cortical injury led to the development of a cystic cavity surrounded by astrocytes and CSPG. Müller cells expressed GFAP but not CSPG in the lesioned retina.. Successful regrowth of ganglion cells through a retinal lesion may be partly the result of the scarcity of astrocytes in the retina, which results in minimal gliosis, or of their apparent inability to express inhibitory molecules.

Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cerebral Cortex; Chondroitin Sulfates; Ganglia, Sensory; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Gliosis; Immunohistochemistry; Neuroglia; Opossums; Retinal Perforations; Vimentin