chondroitin-sulfates and Periodontal-Pocket

The purpose of this study was to compare two biochemical markers, which have been previously used to determine the degrees of alveolar bone destruction, in evaluating periodontal disease severity.. The WF6 epitope of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from patients with various degrees of disease severity, including ten patients with gingivitis (50 gingivitis sites) and 33 patients with chronic periodontitis (including gingivitis, slight, moderate, and severe periodontitis sites; n = 50 each), as well as from ten healthy volunteers (50 healthy sites) by Periopaper strips. The levels of CS and ALP were measured by an ELISA and a fluorometric assay, respectively.. The results demonstrated low levels of CS and ALP in non-destructive and slightly destructive periodontitis sites, whereas significantly high levels of these two biomolecules were shown in moderately and severely destructive sites (p < 0.05). Although a significant difference in CS levels was found between moderate and severe periodontitis sites, no difference in ALP levels was found. Stronger correlations were found between CS levels and periodontal parameters, including probing depth, loss of clinical attachment levels, gingival index and plaque index, than between ALP levels and these parameters.. It is suggested that the CS level is a better diagnostic marker than the ALP level for evaluating distinct severity of chronic periodontitis.

Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Alveolar Bone Loss; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers; Chondroitin Sulfates; Chronic Periodontitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Epitopes; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Recession; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Periodontium

To determine the levels of chondroitin sulphate (CS) WF6 epitope, recognized by WF6 monoclonal antibody, in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from different stages of periodontal disease and healthy periodontium, and to correlate those levels with clinical parameters.. GCF samples, collected from 389 sites, were analysed for the WF6 epitope levels by the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. The median WF6 epitope level was significantly higher in chronic periodontitis sites (n=185) than in healthy and gingivitis sites (n=204) (p<0.001), whereas the median levels did not significantly differ between healthy (n=65) and gingivitis sites (n=139). The median level in severe periodontitis sites (n=60) was significantly higher than that in moderate periodontitis sites (n=63) (p=0.019). Similarly, the median level in moderate periodontitis sites was significantly higher than that in slight periodontitis sites (n=62) (p=0.001). The WF6 epitope levels significantly correlated with probing depth (r=0.777, p=0.001) and loss of clinical attachment level (r=0.814, p=0.001).. Elevated CS WF6 epitope levels in GCF are associated with severity of periodontitis. The WF6 antibody may therefore be clinically applied to monitor disease severity and progression.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chondroitin Sulfates; Chronic Periodontitis; Epitopes; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Reference Values

The aim of this project was to determine the in vivo effects of tooth movement with nickel-titanium archwires on the periodontium during the early stages of orthodontic treatment. The extent of tooth movement, severity of gingival inflammation, pocket probing depth, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow, and the amount of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) component of the GCF of one maxillary canine in each of 33 patients treated with a pre-adjusted appliance were measured before and at four stages during the first 22 weeks of treatment. The methods involved the use of a reflex metrograph to determine the type of tooth movement and electrophoresis to quantitate the CS in the GCF. It was found that GCF flow increased after 4 weeks of tooth movement whereas the increase in the amount of CS in the GCF, which is taken to be indicative of periodontal tissue turnover, occurred at the later stage of 10 weeks. Teeth which showed the greatest amount of tooth movement continued to express large amounts of CS in large volumes of GCF until 22 weeks, whilst the CS levels in those teeth moving to a smaller extent declined. These data suggest that nickel-titanium archwires may produce a super-elastic plateau effect in vivo on canine teeth, which are initially displaced from the arch such that large amounts of tooth movement occur in the first 22 weeks of treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Child; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cuspid; Dental Alloys; Elasticity; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Nickel; Orthodontic Wires; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium; Tooth Movement Techniques

This study, confined to non-smokers, evaluated guided-tissue regeneration in deep 2-wall intrabony defects using a diphenylphosphorylazide-cross-linked bovine type I collagen membrane supported by a hydroxyapatite/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate spacer in 43 adult periodontitis (AP) and 14 rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) patients, no more than 1 defect being randomly selected for each patient. Before surgery and 6 months after surgery, plaque (PI) and sulcus bleeding (SBI) indices, probing pocket depths (PPD), gingival margin locations (GML) and probing attachment levels (PAL) were recorded. During the post-surgical period, the biomaterials were well tolerated in all patients and PI and SBI were kept at a low level. Following therapy, there was a significant gain in PAL (4.2 mm for AP; 3 mm for RPP) and reduction in PPD (6.1 mm for AP; 4.7 mm for RPP) for both groups of patients (p < 0.05). A significantly greater gain in PAL and reduction in PPD were observed for AP compared to RPP patients (p < 0.05). The change in GML was not statistically different between groups (1.8 mm for AP; 1.6 mm for RPP). It is concluded that the combined use of a diphenylphosphorylazide-cross-linked bovine type-I collagen membrane, supported by a hydroxyapatite/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate spacer, is beneficial in improving PAL and reducing PPD in 2-wall intrabony defects in both AP and RPP patients during the quiescent phase of the disease, with statistically better results for the former group. However, longer observation periods are necessary to evaluate the stability of the improvements obtained by this combined treatment approach between and for each group of patients.

Topics: Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Azides; Biocompatible Materials; Cattle; Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dental Plaque Index; Durapatite; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Recession; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Membranes, Artificial; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Prostheses and Implants; Treatment Outcome