chondroitin-sulfates and Corneal-Opacity

We described a technique to perform anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and Viscoat® ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) through anterior lamellar dissection in penetrating keratoplasty.. OVDs were gently injected between iridocorneal adhesions with a healon needle to make a blunt dissection after anterior lamellar corneal dissection. Anterior synechiolysis at 360 degrees was completed with a healon needle and OVDs. Subsequently, the deep corneal lamella was cut with right and left Troutman-Katzin corneal scissors. 24 interrupted sutures were made with 10-0 nylon suture to implant the donor cornea.. In two eyes from two patients, with corneal opacity and nearly total anterior synechiae, clear grafts and relatively deep anterior chambers were achieved. Penetrating keratoplasty with anterior synechiolysis was thus successful with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection.. Anterior synechiolysis with a healon needle and OVDs through lamellar dissection is a safe and efficient technique for keratoplasty in patients with corneal opacity with anterior synechiae.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Iris Diseases; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Suture Techniques; Tissue Adhesions; Viscosupplements

The arrangement of collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in substantia propria are important for maintaining transparency of the cornea. Interferences in collagen fibrils and GAG production could be adversative to corneal integrity. In this study, six dogs consisting of four Beagles with normal cornea (normal), one Beagles with opaque cornea (sample No. 1) and one Shih Tzu with neovascularization opaque cornea (sample No.2) were used. All samples were observed morphologically by light and electron microscopes to obtain diameter and distribution of collagen fibrils in substantia propria and were performed biochemically to investigate into GAGs and collagen types. The average diameter of collagen fibrils in the intact cornea of normal, sample No.1 and No.2 was 33.2, 35.0 and 25.0 nm, respectively. The percentage of matrix per unit area was 67% in normal, 87% in sample No.1 and 28.3% in sample No.2. The type III collagen ratio was 25.3% in normal, 21.3% in sample No.1 and 35.8% in sample No.2. The relative amount of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and keratin sulfate was 1.5, 9.7, 51.1 and 37.7% in normal, 3.3, 26.0, 45.7 and 23.7% in sample No.1 and 1.2, 18.0, 16.6 and 54.1% in sample No.2. Hyaluronic acid was found only in sample No.1 with a relative amount of 1.3%. Since there was some relationship between collagen formation and GAGs composition, it might be speculated that disturbance in arrangement of collagen fibrils and GAG metabolism especially in substantia propria would bring up opacity of the cornea.

Topics: Animals; Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen Type III; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Dermatan Sulfate; Dogs; Extracellular Matrix; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Hyaluronic Acid; Keratins

Human corneal equivalents comprising the three main layers of the cornea (epithelium, stroma, and endothelium) were constructed. Each cellular layer was fabricated from immortalized human corneal cells that were screened for use on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and electrophysiological similarity to their natural counterparts. The resulting corneal equivalents mimicked human corneas in key physical and physiological functions, including morphology, biochemical marker expression, transparency, ion and fluid transport, and gene expression. Morphological and functional equivalents to human corneas that can be produced in vitro have immediate applications in toxicity and drug efficacy testing, and form the basis for future development of implantable tissues.

Topics: Animal Testing Alternatives; Biomedical Engineering; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Corneal Stroma; Corneal Transplantation; Cross-Linking Reagents; Culture Techniques; Electrophysiology; Endothelium, Corneal; Epithelium, Corneal; Gene Expression; Glutaral; Humans; Ion Channels; Ouabain; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Topics: Chondroitin Sulfates; Corneal Opacity; Growth Disorders; Humans; Spine

Topics: Bone Diseases, Developmental; Chondroitin Sulfates; Corneal Opacity; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Male; Osteochondrodysplasias

Viscoat is a new viscoelastic solution of chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate dissolved in a phosphate buffer. Recent findings of postoperative corneal deposits in association with its use have been reported to Cilco. The corneal deposits are noted 18 to 48 hours postoperatively and are similar in appearance to calcific band keratopathy. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of this entity are reviewed. Possible methods of treatment and recommendations for prevention are discussed.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cataract Extraction; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Corneal Opacity; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Time Factors; Visual Acuity

Systemic findings in a 23-year-old white man with mucolipidosis type IV included early delayed psychomotor development, mental retardation, and mild facial dysplasia. There was urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate. Ophthalmologic examination showed corneal haze, pigmentary retinopathy, and severe optic atrophy. Light microscopy showed massively engorged superficial and intermediate epithelial cells of both the cornea and the conjunctiva. By transmission electron microscopy these contained fine granular material consistent with acid mucopolysaccharide and concentric lamellar bodies presumably representing phospholipids. This storage phenomenon was also found in macrophages, plasma cells, ciliary epithelial cells, Schwann cells, retinal ganglion cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Light microscopy also disclosed early cataract formation, marked outer retinal degeneration, and optic atrophy.

Topics: Adult; Chondroitin Sulfates; Conjunctiva; Corneal Opacity; Face; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mucolipidoses; Optic Atrophy; Psychomotor Disorders; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Ganglion Cells

Two male and two female sibs with an unusual form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia were reported. The main clinical features were low stature, moderate shortness of trunk and neck, abnormal span: height ratio, low-normal UBS: LBS ratio, and peripheral corneal punctate opacities only seen by the slitlamp. Normal mental status was present. Typical metachromatic granules were not seen either in bone-marrow cells or in peripheral blood cells. The X-ray picture showed spondylar and pelvic dysplasia. Qualitative rather than quantitative anomalies were shown in the urinary mucopolysaccharides, mostly involving chondroitin-6-sulfate. The genetic data are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Corneal Opacity; Female; Genes, Recessive; Humans; Male; Mucopolysaccharidosis IV; Pedigree; Time Factors