chondroitin and Arteriosclerosis

Topics: Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Chondroitin; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lipoproteins

Topics: Adult; Animals; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Chondroitin; Collagen; Elastic Tissue; Elastin; Female; Glycoproteins; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Rabbits; Staining and Labeling; Veins

Topics: Aging; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Coronary Disease; Diet, Atherogenic; Glycoproteins; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Heparitin Sulfate; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Histamine; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Mucoproteins; Neuraminic Acids; Rabbits; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Animals; Aorta; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chickens; Child; Chondroitin; Chromatography; Connective Tissue; Dogs; Electrophoresis; Glycoproteins; Glycosaminoglycans; Haplorhini; Hexosaminidases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Lipoproteins; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Models, Chemical; Polysaccharides

Topics: Aging; Animals; Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Lipoproteins; Microscopy, Electron; Skin; Sulfur Isotopes

Topics: Arachnodactyly; Arteriosclerosis; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Eye Diseases; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Marfan Syndrome; Mucopolysaccharidosis I; Myxedema; Osteochondrodysplasias; Pathology

Effects of isomers of chondroitin sulfate on atherosclerosis were clinically compared, based on sulfate linkage and the amount of sulfate, by using chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin polysulfate. Fourty eight age-matched atherosclerotic subjects were selected from a home for the elderly in order to the treatment with the agents. The isomers of chondroitin sulfate were given a daily dose of 4.5 g perorally. During the experimental period for 64 months, mortality, serum cholesterol, thrombus-formation time and thrombus weight were examined. The result obtained was as follows: mortality in the groups treated with the isomers of chondroitin sulfate was less than the age-matched untreated control group. Serum cholesterol value in the group treated by the isomers of chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin polysulfate group in particular, fell lower than the pre-treatment value. Thrombus formation time prolonged 150% in the group treated with chondroitin polysulfate over the untreated control group and the resultant thrombus weight was reduced in the treated group. Thus, these data indicated that the isomers of chondroitin sulfate are clinically effective on the treatment of atherosclerosis in the order of chondroitin polysulfate, chondroitin 4-sulfate and/or chondroitin 6-sulfate.

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Isomerism; Thrombosis

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Male

Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Sulfates; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Aortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Lipids; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Rabbits; Rats; Sulfates

The effect of chondroitin-6-sulfate, obtained from shark cartilage, on atherogenesis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet was studied. Male Japanese white rabbits were housed for 10 weeks in three groups, one group was fed ordinary pellets and was injected intraperitoneally with saline (standard-diet group), one was fed pellets containing 1% cholesterol and was injected intraperitoneally with saline (cholesterol-diet group), and the third group was fed pellets containing 1% cholesterol, and was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg of chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S group). Injections were done daily. The plasma total cholesterol, and cholesterol from very low-density lipoprotein in the C-6-S group after 5 weeks in the test period, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the C-6-S group at the end of the test period were lower than those of the cholesterol-diet group. Significantly fewer atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic surface were found macroscopically in the C-6-S group than in the cholesterol-diet group. The cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and calcium concentrations of the aortic intima-media in the C-6-S group were significantly lower than in the cholesterol-diet group. Hydroxyproline levels in these three groups were not different. The uronic acid concentration of the intima-media in the cholesterol-diet group was significantly higher than in the C-6-S group (P less than 0.02). Though the percentage of heparan sulfate on total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the C-6-S group was lower than in the cholesterol-diet group, there were no significant differences in the percentages of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-4/6-sulfate in total GAGs between the cholesterol-diet and C-6-S groups. These results suggest that chondroitin-6-sulfate suppresses cholesterol deposition in the aorta of rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol diet, probably partly due to a decrease in the plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and partly due to a change in arterial metabolism.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Calcium; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Hydroxyproline; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid Metabolism; Lipolysis; Lipoproteins; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Rabbits

Chondroitin sulphates (CSs) were isolated from the intima and the media of normal (normal CSs) and atherosclerotic (sclerotic CSs) regions of human aortas. Normal and sclerotic CSs accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III to an equal extent. By this mechanism, both normal and sclerotic CSs prolonged thrombus formation time in a moving stream of platelet-rich plasma and thrombin-catalysed clotting time of platelet-poor plasma. However, anticoagulant activity of sclerotic CSs in thrombin-catalysed fibrin clot formation in platelet-poor plasma was lower than that of normal CSs. The lower anticoagulant activity of sclerotic CSs was due to the greater accelerating effect on the polymerization of monomeric fibrin to form clot, which was the final distinguishable step of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion.

Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibrin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Child, Preschool; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged

The composition and content of aortic glycosaminoglycans were studied in groups of rhesus monkeys fed control or atherogenic diets for 9 or 19 months. Aortic uronic acid content was significantly increased in both groups of monkeys with atherosclerosis. The major glycosaminoglycan in both control and atherosclerotic aortas was chondroitin sulfate with lesser amounts of heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. Dermatan sulfate was the only glycosaminoglycan to show a statistically significant elevation (65 to 87 per cent) in animals fed the atherogenic diet. This increase was positively correlated with the increased accumulation of aortic cholesterol (r = 0.4709, p less than 0.05). The results indicate that dermatan sulfate may be the major glycosaminoglycan involved during the early events of atherogenesis perhaps through retention of lipoprotein in the atherosclerotic artery.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dermatan Sulfate; Diet, Atherogenic; Glycosaminoglycans; Haplorhini; Macaca mulatta; Male; Uronic Acids

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Female; Humans; Male; Placebos; Triglycerides

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carbamates; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cricetinae; Guinea Pigs; Hypolipidemic Agents; Liver; Mice; Pentanoic Acids; Pyrazoles; Pyridinolcarbamate; Rabbits; Rats; Valerates

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carbamates; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Mevalonic Acid; Pyridinolcarbamate; Rabbits

Lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes occurring in different types of human atherosclerotic lesions were isolated and partially characterized. Complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were extracted from pooled tissues with 0.15 M NaCl, purified by gel filtration, and fractionated by ultracentrifugation. Both low and very low density lipoproteins were present; low density lipoprotein was predominant. The complexes were analyzed for uronic acid, cholesterol, phospholipid, and Ca-2+ contents; there was no significant difference in the relative molar ratios between complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Acid mucopolysaccharides were isolated from the complexes and identified by electrophoresis and enzymatic studies. Chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid were found in complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Heparin was detected only in fibrous plaques.

Topics: Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Autopsy; Calcium; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chromatography, Gel; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Immunodiffusion; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Macromolecular Substances; Phospholipids; Ultracentrifugation; Uronic Acids

The aortic connective tissue components, collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans were isolated and quantitated from monkeys with experimentally-induced fatty streaks, from monkeys on a diet allowing regression of these lesions, and from controls. Although no variations were noted for total, soluble, and autoclavable collagen based on concentration, nonautoclavable collagen was significantly less (p less than 0.02) and elastin was reduced (p less than 0.001) in tissues with fatty streaks. There were no significant differences in total glycosaminoglycan content among the groups, but a large increase of hyaluronic acid (50 to 220 per cent) and a decrease of chondroitin sulfate C (40 to 66 per cent) occurred after regression. Dynamic alterations of arterial connective tissue shown to occur with induction as well as with regression of fatty streaks indicate the importance of connective tissue in maintaining integrity of vascular structures.

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, Dietary; Chondroitin; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Diet, Atherogenic; Dietary Fats; Elastin; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Glycosaminoglycans; Haplorhini; Hyaluronic Acid; Macaca mulatta

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Hexosamines

Topics: Animals; Arachis; Arteriosclerosis; Basophils; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Chondroitin; Dietary Fats; Glycosaminoglycans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Rabbits; Time Factors; Triglycerides

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Dietary Fats; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Hexosamines; Hyaluronic Acid; Phospholipids; Rabbits; Thiouracil; Thyroxine

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chickens; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Fishes; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Lipoproteins; Liver; Phospholipids; Proteins; Rabbits; Snails; Species Specificity; Triglycerides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Autopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Chondroitin; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypertension; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Child; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Elastic Tissue; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chondroitin; Humans; Research

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Child; Chondroitin; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Glycoproteins; Heparin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Chondroitin; Dextrans; Female; Fibrinolysis; Lipids; Lipotropic Agents; Male; Mice; Rats; Sulfates; Triglycerides

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chinchilla; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Diet, Atherogenic; Glucuronidase; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Lipid Metabolism; Rabbits; Sulfates

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydroxyproline; Male; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Sulfur Isotopes; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Diet, Atherogenic; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Histocytochemistry; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypercholesterolemia; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Coronary Disease; Female; Haplorhini; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Monkey Diseases; Sulfates

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Aneurysm; Arteriosclerosis; Calcinosis; Cardiac Catheterization; Chondroitin; Collagen; Dilatation; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Necrosis; Permeability; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; Stress, Mechanical; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Chondroitin; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Dialysis; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Hyaluronic Acid; Insulin; Male; Methods; Pancreatectomy; Rats; Skin; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Uronic Acids

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Child; Chondroitin; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors

Topics: Amylases; Animals; Aorta; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Bacteria; Bird Diseases; Birds; Chondroitin

Topics: Animals; Arabinose; Arteriosclerosis; Autoradiography; Chondroitin; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dogs; Evoked Potentials; Fructose; Galactose; Glucose; Glycosuria; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Mannose; Polysaccharides; Rats; Sucrose; Time Factors; Vascular Diseases; Xylitol

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexoses; Histocytochemistry; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Male; Methods; Neuraminic Acids; Rabbits; Sulfates

Topics: Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Diseases; Aortic Rupture; Arteriosclerosis; Autopsy; Cardiac Tamponade; Chondroitin; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfates; Syphilis, Cardiovascular

Topics: Amino Acids; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Heparin; Humans; Peptides; Sulfates

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Chickens; Chondroitin; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Fibrinolytic Agents; Haplorhini; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Prothrombin Time; Rabbits; Sulfates

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Depression, Chemical; Hypolipidemic Agents; Phospholipids; Rabbits; Sulfates; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Triglycerides

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrates; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosamines; Hexoses; Hyaluronic Acid; Lipids; Neuraminic Acids; Polysaccharides; Rabbits; Rats; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes

Topics: Age Factors; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Calcium; Chondroitin; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Diabetic Angiopathies; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosamines; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Lipids; Sulfates

Topics: Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Age Factors; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Elastic Tissue; Fibroblasts; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Sugars; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation Tests; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Female; Galactose; Hexosamines; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Sulfates; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Triglycerides

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Animals; Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Carboxypeptidases; Cathepsins; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Chondroitin; DNA; Glucuronidase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Glycosaminoglycans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Swine; Trypsin

Topics: Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Platelets; Chondroitin; Electrophoresis; Glycosaminoglycans; Hexosamines; Histological Techniques; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuraminic Acids; Staining and Labeling; Uronic Acids

Topics: Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Gels; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron; Permeability; Phospholipids

Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Coronary Vessels; Dietary Fats; Haplorhini; Injections, Subcutaneous; Rabbits; Rats; Sulfates

Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Body Weight; Chondroitin; Diet, Atherogenic; Female; Haplorhini; Histocytochemistry; Lipids; Male

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Female; Heparin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Aging; Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Chondroitin; Electrophoresis; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypertension; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Iliac Artery; Pulmonary Artery

Topics: Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Sulfates

Topics: Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Chondroitin Sulfates; Chromatography; Nasal Septum; Oligosaccharides; Research; Skin; Sulfates

Topics: Aorta; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Arteritis; Azoles; Carbohydrates; Chondroitin; Electrophoresis; Glucosamine; Glucuronates; Glycosaminoglycans; Hyaluronic Acid; Pharmacology; Protamines; Proteins; Pulmonary Artery; Rabbits; Research; Uronic Acids

Topics: Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Proteins; Research; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Child; Cholesterol; Chondroitin; Collagen; Fatty Acids; Geriatrics; Glycosaminoglycans; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Infant; Phospholipids

Topics: Albumins; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chondroitin; Connective Tissue; Edema; Guinea Pigs; Hepatitis; Hypoxia; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Radiation Effects; Rats; Research; Shwartzman Phenomenon; Silicosis; Sulfates; Sulfur Isotopes; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Chondroitin; Humans