choline and Obesity studies

Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Among a sample of adults with overweight and obesity, greater intake of choline and lutein+zeaxanthin was associated with faster performance on a cognitive flexibility task."	8.12	Dietary lutein plus zeaxanthin and choline intake is interactively associated with cognitive flexibility in middle-adulthood in adults with overweight and obesity. ( Burd, NA; Dilger, RN; Edwards, CG; Erdman, JW; Holscher, HD; Khan, NA; Reeser, GE; Thompson, SV; Walk, AM, 2022)
"Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance."	6.47	Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. ( Kirchgessner, A; Lakhan, SE, 2011)
"Choline is a semi-essential nutrient involved in lipid and one-carbon metabolism that is compromised during MAFLD progression."	5.91	Prenatal Choline Supplement in a Maternal Obesity Model Modulates Offspring Hepatic Lipidomes. ( Bretter, R; Caviglia, JM; Jiang, X; Johnson, CH; Kadam, I; Korsmo, HW; Reaz, A; Saxena, A, 2023)
"Choline is an important metabolite involved in phospholipids synthesis, including serum lipids, and is the immediate precursor of betaine."	5.91	Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults. ( Abbasi, MSP; Ardekani, AM; Gharebakhshi, F; Jafarzadeh, F; Manzouri, A; Nikrad, N; Tousi, AZ; Vahdat, S; Yazdani, Y, 2023)
"Obesity has repeatedly been linked to reorganization of the gut microbiome, yet to this point obesity therapeutics have been targeted exclusively toward the human host."	5.72	Gut microbe-targeted choline trimethylamine lyase inhibition improves obesity via rewiring of host circadian rhythms. ( Allen, FM; Anderson, JT; Armstrong, AR; Banerjee, R; Brown, AL; Brown, JM; Buffa, JA; Burrows, A; Cook, K; Ferguson, D; Finney, C; Fung, KK; Garcia-Garcia, JC; Gliniak, CM; Goudarzi, M; Gromovsky, AD; Hazen, SL; Helsley, RN; Horak, A; Keshavarzian, A; Lusis, AJ; Mak, TD; Massey, W; McMillan, A; Mehrabian, M; Neumann, C; Orabi, D; Osborn, LJ; Sangwan, N; Schugar, RC; Swanson, G; Wang, Z; Willard, B, 2022)
" We examined associations of weight loss diet-induced changes in a gut microbiota-related metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and its precursors (choline and l-carnitine), with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) considering diabetes-related factors."	5.30	Circulating Gut Microbiota Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Changes in Bone Density in Response to Weight Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. ( Bray, GA; Chen, Y; DiDonato, JA; Heianza, Y; LeBoff, MS; Li, X; Pei, X; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Sun, D; Zhou, T, 2019)
"Our findings underscore the importance of changes in TMAO, choline and L-carnitine in improving insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss intervention for obese patients."	5.30	Gut microbiota metabolites, amino acid metabolites and improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism: the POUNDS Lost trial. ( Bray, GA; DiDonato, JA; Heianza, Y; Li, X; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Sun, D, 2019)
" We examined associations of 6-month changes in blood metabolites (TMAO, choline, and l-carnitine) with improvements in body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition, fat distribution, and resting energy expenditure (REE)."	5.27	Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. ( Bray, GA; Heianza, Y; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Smith, SR; Sun, D, 2018)
"Studies in mice have recently linked increased dietary choline consumption to increased incidence of obesity-related metabolic diseases, while several clinical trials have reported an anti-obesity effect of high dietary choline intake."	4.31	Dietary choline increases brown adipose tissue activation markers and improves cholesterol metabolism in female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. ( Boon, MR; Li, Z; Liu, C; Rensen, PCN; Schönke, M; Song, Z; Wang, Y, 2023)
"Excess vitamin intake during pregnancy leads to obesogenic phenotypes, and folic acid accounts for many of these effects in male, but not in female, offspring."	4.02	Excess Vitamins or Imbalance of Folic Acid and Choline in the Gestational Diet Alter the Gut Microbiota and Obesogenic Effects in Wistar Rat Offspring. ( Aardema, NDJ; Bunnell, ML; Cho, CE; Hintze, KJ; Mjaaseth, UN; Norris, JC; Ward, RE, 2021)
"Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline and betaine serum levels have been associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	4.02	Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Aguilar-Salinas, C; Campos-Pérez, F; Canizales-Quinteros, S; Gómez-Pérez, F; González-González, I; Grandini-Rosales, P; Hazen, SL; Hernández-Pando, R; Huertas-Vazquez, A; Hui, ST; Larrieta-Carrasco, E; León-Mimila, P; Li, XS; López-Contreras, B; Lusis, AJ; Macías-Kauffer, L; Morán-Ramos, S; Ocampo-Medina, E; Olivares-Arevalo, M; Shih, DM; Villamil-Ramírez, H; Villarreal-Molina, T; Wang, Z, 2021)
"Significantly inverse correlations were found between serum betaine levels and all obesity measurements in males (r ranged from -0."	3.88	Higher serum choline and betaine levels are associated with better body composition in male but not female population. ( Gao, X; Randell, E; Sun, G; Zhou, H, 2018)
" Maternal nutrition is critically involved in the growth and development of the fetus, but what about the father? The aim is to investigate the effects of paternal methyl-group donor intake (methionine, folate, betaine, choline) on paternal and offspring global DNA (hydroxy)methylation, offspring IGF2 DMR DNA methylation, and birth weight."	3.85	The effect of paternal methyl-group donor intake on offspring DNA methylation and birth weight. ( Bekaert, B; Devlieger, R; Duca, RC; Freson, K; Ghosh, M; Godderis, L; Huybrechts, I; Koppen, G; Langie, SAS; Pauwels, S; Truijen, I, 2017)
" Female Wistar rats fed control diet during pregnancy were assigned to four postpartum dietary groups: control, control supplemented with methyl donors (choline, betaine, folic acid, vitamin B12), HFS and HFS supplemented with methyl donors."	3.80	Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. ( Campion, J; Cordero, P; Martinez, JA; Milagro, FI, 2014)
"Choline deficiency has been shown to induce liver fat accumulation in both rodent and human studies."	3.80	Higher dietary choline intake is associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver in normal-weight Chinese women. ( Gao, YT; Li, H; Shu, XO; Xiang, YB; Yang, G; Yu, D; Zhang, X; Zheng, W, 2014)
"Higher triglyceride and lower HDL levels statistically account for the association between BMI and myo-inositol, pointing toward a potentially critical role for dyslipidemia in the development of cerebral neurochemical alterations in obesity."	3.79	Dyslipidemia links obesity to early cerebral neurochemical alterations. ( Gonzales, MM; Haley, AP; Tanaka, H; Tarumi, T, 2013)
" The present results suggest that the coupling of high levels of choline and low levels of methionine plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and liver steatosis."	3.77	Alterations in hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways following a high-fat dietary intervention. ( Bachmair, EM; Boekschoten, MV; Brennan, L; Coort, SL; Daniel, H; Evelo, C; Gibney, MJ; Keijer, J; Kleemann, R; McLoughlin, GA; Muller, M; Roos, Bd; Rubio-Aliaga, I; Sailer, M; van Erk, M; van Schothorst, EM, 2011)
"To clarify the causal relationship between insulin resistance and the development of NASH, steatohepatitis was induced in obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats by feeding them a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet."	3.74	Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Akahori, H; Kaneko, S; Kita, Y; Kurita, S; Matsuzawa, N; Misu, H; Nakanuma, Y; Ota, T; Sakurai, M; Takamura, T; Uno, M; Zen, Y, 2007)
" In choline-deficient Fischer 344 rats, we previously showed that fatty liver was associated with elevated hepatic DAG and sustained activation of PKC."	3.69	Hepatic protein kinase C is not activated despite high intracellular 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol in obese Zucker rats. ( da Costa, KA; Mar, MH; Shin, OH; Zeisel, SH, 1997)
"Metabolomic studies on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have led to a number of mechanistic insights into biomarker discovery and comprehension of disease progression at metabolic levels."	2.52	Metabolomics - the complementary field in systems biology: a review on obesity and type 2 diabetes. ( Abu Bakar, MH; Ali Khan, A; Cheng, KK; Sarmidi, MR; Suan, CL; Yaakob, H; Zaman Huri, H, 2015)
"Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance."	2.47	Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. ( Kirchgessner, A; Lakhan, SE, 2011)
"Obesity is associated with adverse effects on brain health, including an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases."	1.91	Change in medial frontal cerebral metabolite concentrations following bariatric surgery. ( Bottari, SA; Britton, MK; Chen, A; Cohen, RA; Friedman, J; Gunstad, J; Porges, EC; Williamson, JB; Woods, AJ, 2023)
"Choline is a semi-essential nutrient involved in lipid and one-carbon metabolism that is compromised during MAFLD progression."	1.91	Prenatal Choline Supplement in a Maternal Obesity Model Modulates Offspring Hepatic Lipidomes. ( Bretter, R; Caviglia, JM; Jiang, X; Johnson, CH; Kadam, I; Korsmo, HW; Reaz, A; Saxena, A, 2023)
"Obesity is associated with increased intestinal permeability and a diminished immune response."	1.91	A Physiologically Relevant Dose of 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Is Sufficient in Improving Gut Permeability while Attenuating Immune Cell Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats. ( Azarcoya-Barrera, J; Field, CJ; Jacobs, RL; Makarowski, A; Nelson, R; Richard, C; Rusnak, T; Wollin, B, 2023)
"Choline is an important metabolite involved in phospholipids synthesis, including serum lipids, and is the immediate precursor of betaine."	1.91	Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults. ( Abbasi, MSP; Ardekani, AM; Gharebakhshi, F; Jafarzadeh, F; Manzouri, A; Nikrad, N; Tousi, AZ; Vahdat, S; Yazdani, Y, 2023)
"Obesity has repeatedly been linked to reorganization of the gut microbiome, yet to this point obesity therapeutics have been targeted exclusively toward the human host."	1.72	Gut microbe-targeted choline trimethylamine lyase inhibition improves obesity via rewiring of host circadian rhythms. ( Allen, FM; Anderson, JT; Armstrong, AR; Banerjee, R; Brown, AL; Brown, JM; Buffa, JA; Burrows, A; Cook, K; Ferguson, D; Finney, C; Fung, KK; Garcia-Garcia, JC; Gliniak, CM; Goudarzi, M; Gromovsky, AD; Hazen, SL; Helsley, RN; Horak, A; Keshavarzian, A; Lusis, AJ; Mak, TD; Massey, W; McMillan, A; Mehrabian, M; Neumann, C; Orabi, D; Osborn, LJ; Sangwan, N; Schugar, RC; Swanson, G; Wang, Z; Willard, B, 2022)
"CHOLINE had lower mean daily FI and lower rates of BW accretion (P<0."	1.72	Dietary choline in gonadectomized kittens improved food intake and body composition but not satiety, serum lipids, or energy expenditure. ( Abood, SK; Bakovic, M; Godfrey, H; Grant, CE; Rankovic, A; Shoveller, AK; Verbrugghe, A, 2022)
"NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome."	1.72	Differential progression of unhealthy diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in obese and non-obese mice. ( Farazi, PA; Fisher, KW; Hymel, E; Vlock, E, 2022)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects about 24% of the world's population and may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	1.72	Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Farazi, PA; Fisher, KW; Hymel, E, 2022)
"This pathway is down-regulated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease."	1.40	GH administration rescues fatty liver regeneration impairment by restoring GH/EGFR pathway deficiency. ( Baud, V; Billot, K; Collin de l'Hortet, A; Fauveau, V; Gilgenkrantz, H; Guidotti, JE; Helmy, N; Prip-Buus, C; Vons, C; Zerrad-Saadi, A; Ziol, M, 2014)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest form of chronic liver disease in developed countries."	1.40	Metabolomics-based search for therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ( Azuma, T; Hoshi, N; Kawano, Y; Minami, A; Nishiumi, S; Terashima, Y; Yoshida, M, 2014)
"Childhood obesity has become a prevalent risk to health of children and teenagers."	1.38	Comparison of serum metabolite compositions between obese and lean growing pigs using an NMR-based metabonomic approach. ( Blachier, F; Hao, F; He, Q; Kong, X; Li, P; Ren, P; Tang, H; Wu, G; Wu, Y; Yin, Y, 2012)
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world."	1.38	Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. ( Camporez, JP; Eisenbarth, SC; Elinav, E; Flavell, RA; Gordon, JI; Hao, L; Henao-Mejia, J; Hoffman, HM; Jin, C; Jurczak, MJ; Kau, AL; Mehal, WZ; Shulman, GI; Strowig, T; Thaiss, CA, 2012)
"Insulin resistance, a characteristic of gestational diabetes and obesity, is correlated with the fatty acids profile of the red cell and skeletal muscle membranes."	1.32	Adverse effect of obesity on red cell membrane arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in gestational diabetes. ( Crawford, MA; Ghebremeskel, K; Lowy, C; Min, Y; Thomas, B, 2004)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	7 (10.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (1.43)	18.2507
2000's	4 (5.71)	29.6817
2010's	32 (45.71)	24.3611
2020's	26 (37.14)	2.80

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of Choline Supplementation on Fetal Growth in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04302168]	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-01	Recruiting
Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (Pounds Lost)[NCT00072995]	811 participants	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
Longitudinal Profiling of Gut Microbiome in Overweight or Obese Participants on a Modified Atkins Diet: a Prospective Cohort Study[NCT04207879]	75 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-01-01	Active, not recruiting
The Role of Microbiome Reprogramming on Liver Fat Accumulation[NCT03914495]	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-21	Terminated (stopped due to PI carefully considered multiple factors and decided to close study to any further enrollment.)
Role of Probiotics in Treatment of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Patients by Assessing With Fibroscan[NCT04671186]	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-07	Completed
Investigation of Microbiome-based Prognostical Biomarkers in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery[NCT03391401]	204 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-03-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Metabolomics - the complementary field in systems biology: a review on obesity and type 2 diabetes. Molecular bioSystems, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:7 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	2015
Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism predisposing to obesity and diabetes. Annual review of medicine, 2011, Volume: 62 Topics: Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; Angiopoietins; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Carbohydrate Metabolism;	2011
Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. Journal of translational medicine, 2011, Aug-02, Volume: 9 Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Choline; Colitis, Ulcera	2011
Metabolic crosstalk between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2013, Mar-01, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Networks	2013
Biological function of cholinesterase. Clinical biochemistry, 1980, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase; Choline; Cholinesterases; Clini	1980

Article	Year
Whole egg consumption increases plasma choline and betaine without affecting TMAO levels or gut microbiome in overweight postmenopausal women. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2020, Volume: 78 Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Eggs; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Mi	2020
Metabolites and diabetes remission after weight loss. Nutrition & diabetes, 2021, 02-24, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	2021
Choline Metabolites, Hydroxybutyrate and HDL after Dietary Fiber Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Hypertensive Women: A Metabolomic Study. Nutrients, 2021, Apr-24, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Choline; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Hypertension;	2021
Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Adult; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Carnitine; Choline; Diabe	2018
Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Adult; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Carnitine; Choline; Diabe	2018
Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Adult; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Carnitine; Choline; Diabe	2018
Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Adult; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Carnitine; Choline; Diabe	2018
Gut microbiota metabolites, amino acid metabolites and improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism: the POUNDS Lost trial. Gut, 2019, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, Reducing; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose	2019
Circulating Gut Microbiota Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Changes in Bone Density in Response to Weight Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes care, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:8 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Carnitine; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Re	2019

Article	Year
Excess Vitamins or Imbalance of Folic Acid and Choline in the Gestational Diet Alter the Gut Microbiota and Obesogenic Effects in Wistar Rat Offspring. Nutrients, 2021, Dec-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12 Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic	2021
Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study. Nutrients, 2022, Jan-08, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Diet Records;	2022
Gut microbe-targeted choline trimethylamine lyase inhibition improves obesity via rewiring of host circadian rhythms. eLife, 2022, 01-24, Volume: 11 Topics: Animals; Choline; Circadian Rhythm; Diet, High-Fat; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gastrointestinal Microbiome;	2022
Dietary choline in gonadectomized kittens improved food intake and body composition but not satiety, serum lipids, or energy expenditure. PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cats; Choline; Diet; Eating; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolis	2022
Differential progression of unhealthy diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in obese and non-obese mice. PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Di	2022
Amelioration of hydrolyzed guar gum on high-fat diet-induced obesity: Integrated hepatic transcriptome and metabolome. Carbohydrate polymers, 2022, Dec-01, Volume: 297 Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Biomarkers; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids; Flavin-Adenine Dinuc	2022
Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC cancer, 2022, Dec-06, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Choline; Fructose; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Non-alcoh	2022
Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC cancer, 2022, Dec-06, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Choline; Fructose; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Non-alcoh	2022
Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC cancer, 2022, Dec-06, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Choline; Fructose; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Non-alcoh	2022
Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC cancer, 2022, Dec-06, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cholesterol; Choline; Fructose; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; Non-alcoh	2022
Change in medial frontal cerebral metabolite concentrations following bariatric surgery. NMR in biomedicine, 2023, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Inositol; Obesity; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrosc	2023
Lower adiposity does not protect beta-2 syntrophin null mice from hepatic steatosis and inflammation in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gene, 2023, Apr-05, Volume: 859 Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Cholesterol Esters; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fatty	2023
Dietary choline increases brown adipose tissue activation markers and improves cholesterol metabolism in female APOE3-Leiden.CETP mice. International journal of obesity (2005), 2023, Volume: 47, Issue:3* Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Apolipoprotein E3; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Tr	2023
Prenatal Choline Supplement in a Maternal Obesity Model Modulates Offspring Hepatic Lipidomes. Nutrients, 2023, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Lipidomics; Liver; Male; Mate	2023
Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults. BMC endocrine disorders, 2023, Mar-27, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Eating; Humans	2023
miR-21-5p promotes NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choline; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Mice; MicroRNAs	2023
A Physiologically Relevant Dose of 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Is Sufficient in Improving Gut Permeability while Attenuating Immune Cell Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats. The Journal of nutrition, 2023, Volume: 153, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Choline; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-2; Lecithins; Male; Obesity	2023
Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical endocrinology, 2019, Volume: 91, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gast	2019
Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring. Nutrients, 2020, Jan-04, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Blood Glucose; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glucose Int	2020
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, Mar-11, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Energy	2020
Is ionic choline and geranate (CAGE) liquid caging diet-derived fat, limiting its absorption? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 04-14, Volume: 117, Issue:15 Topics: Choline; Diet; Humans; Ionic Liquids; Ions; Obesity	2020
Hippocampal neural cell degeneration and memory deficit in high-fat diet-induced postnatal obese rats- exploring the comparable benefits of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment. The International journal of neuroscience, 2021, Volume: 131, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Docosa	2021
Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes & metabolism, 2021, Volume: 47, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Betaine; Bile Acids and Salts; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female	2021
PHOSPHO1 is a skeletal regulator of insulin resistance and obesity. BMC biology, 2020, 10-22, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Homeostasis; Insulin Resistance; Male; Mice; Obesity;	2020
Dietary lutein plus zeaxanthin and choline intake is interactively associated with cognitive flexibility in middle-adulthood in adults with overweight and obesity. Nutritional neuroscience, 2022, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Choline; Cognition; Diet; Humans; Lutein; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Zeaxa	2022
High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021, 08-13, Volume: 373, Issue:6556 Topics: Animals; Cell Hypoxia; Choline; Colon; Diet, High-Fat; Energy Metabolism; Epithelial Cells; Escheric	2021
Nonobese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fed on a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet exhibit alterations in signaling pathways. FEBS open bio, 2021, Volume: 11, Issue:11 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Lipid Met	2021
Choline Supplementation Normalizes Fetal Adiposity and Reduces Lipogenic Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity. Nutrients, 2017, Aug-18, Volume: 9, Issue:8 Topics: Adiposity; Animals; Blood Glucose; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Ani	2017
Choline prevents fetal overgrowth and normalizes placental fatty acid and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of maternal obesity. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2017, Volume: 49 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins; Fe	2017
Higher serum choline and betaine levels are associated with better body composition in male but not female population. PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Betaine; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Choline; Cro	2018
Obesity and Cage Environment Modulate Metabolism in the Zucker Rat: A Multiple Biological Matrix Approach to Characterizing Metabolic Phenomena. Journal of proteome research, 2019, 05-03, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Choline; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Environment; Gastro	2019
Dyslipidemia links obesity to early cerebral neurochemical alterations. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2013, Volume: 21, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cholest	2013
3.0 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver: quantification of choline. World journal of gastroenterology, 2013, Mar-07, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Choline; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Lipids;	2013
Status of selected nutrients in obese dogs undergoing caloric restriction. BMC veterinary research, 2013, Oct-24, Volume: 9 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Caloric Restriction; Choline; Creatinine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Glycine;	2013
Role of adipose tissue in methionine-choline-deficient model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2014, Volume: 1842, Issue:7 Topics: Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, No	2014
GH administration rescues fatty liver regeneration impairment by restoring GH/EGFR pathway deficiency. Endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 155, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Proliferation; Choline; Diet; Down-Regulation; ErbB Receptors; Fatt	2014
Metabolomics-based search for therapeutic agents for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2014, Volume: 555-556 Topics: Animals; Choline; Diet; Fatty Liver; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metabolome; Methionine; Mice, Inb	2014
Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet. Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 2014, Volume: 5, Issue:5 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Betaine; Body Composition; Choline; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose;	2014
Higher dietary choline intake is associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver in normal-weight Chinese women. The Journal of nutrition, 2014, Volume: 144, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Dose-	2014
Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 2016, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnit	2016
The necroptosis-inducing kinase RIPK3 dampens adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. Nature communications, 2016, 06-21, Volume: 7 Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Apoptosis; Body Mass Index; Caspase 8; Choline; Choline	2016
The effect of paternal methyl-group donor intake on offspring DNA methylation and birth weight. Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 2017, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Belgium; Betaine; Birth Weight; Choline; DNA Methylation; Female; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Hu	2017
Impaired de novo choline synthesis explains why phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity. The Journal of biological chemistry, 2010, Jul-16, Volume: 285, Issue:29 Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Liver;	2010
Targeting cholesterol at different levels in the mevalonate pathway protects fatty liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Journal of hepatology, 2011, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Cholesterol, Dietary; Choline; Choline Deficiency;	2011
Alterations in hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways following a high-fat dietary intervention. Physiological genomics, 2011, Apr-27, Volume: 43, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon; Cholesterol; Choline; Dietary Fats; Fatty Liver; Hyperglycemia; Insu	2011
Comparison of serum metabolite compositions between obese and lean growing pigs using an NMR-based metabonomic approach. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Choline; Glucagon; Insulin; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins	2012
Dysregulation of the unfolded protein response in db/db mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 6; Animal Feed; Animals; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cytokines; Dia	2011
Impact of CD1d deficiency on metabolism. PloS one, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD1d; Body Weight; Chemokine CXCL16; Chemokine CXCL6; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Fa	2011
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 482, Issue:7384 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Choline;	2012
Indirect effects of elevated body mass index on memory performance through altered cerebral metabolite concentrations. Psychosomatic medicine, 2012, Volume: 74, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Brain; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Creatine; Fe	2012
Metabolomic profilings of urine and serum from high fat-fed rats via 1H NMR spectroscopy and pattern recognition. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2013, Volume: 169, Issue:4 Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Choline; Citric Acid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary	2013
[Eupond in obesity]. Die Medizinische, 1955, Jan-08, Volume: 2 Topics: Atropine; Bile Acids and Salts; Choline; Cycloheptanes; Drug Combinations; Inulin; Obesity; Plants;	1955
Adverse effect of obesity on red cell membrane arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in gestational diabetes. Diabetologia, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational; Docosahexaenoic Acids; E	2004
Insulin resistance accelerates a dietary rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology, 2007, Volume: 132, Issue:1 Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Choline; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Diabetes Mellitus, T	2007
Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Adiponectin; Animal Feed; Animals; Blood Glucose; Choline; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Diacylglycerol O	2007
The transition from fatty liver to NASH associates with SAMe depletion in db/db mice fed a methionine choline-deficient diet. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2008, Volume: 53, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Female; Food, Formulated	2008
Effect of small intestinal bypass on hepatic lipid accumulation in rats. The American journal of physiology, 1980, Volume: 239, Issue:5 Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Animals; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine	1980
Hepatic protein kinase C is not activated despite high intracellular 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol in obese Zucker rats. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1997, Aug-21, Volume: 1358, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Choline; Diglycerides; Enzyme Activation; Fatty Liver; Liver; Obesity; Prote	1997
Small--intestinal bypass in nutritionally obese rats receiving choline supplement. Surgical forum, 1976, Volume: 27, Issue:62 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Choline; Intestine, Small; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Obesity; Rats	1976
[Therapy of arteriosclerosis]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1968, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Anticoagulants; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Diabetes Complicat	1968
Techniques for measuring amylase secretion from pieces of mouse pancreas. Analytical biochemistry, 1974, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Amylases; Animals; Carbamates; Cholecystokinin; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Epinephrine; Evaluation Stu	1974
[Multicausal pathogenesis and therapy of obesity]. Medizinische Monatsschrift, 1971, Volume: 25, Issue:12 Topics: Choline; Cycloparaffins; Drug Combinations; Furans; Humans; Inulin; Obesity; Phenylacetates; Plants,	1971

choline and Obesity

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (70)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Mjaaseth, UN	1
Norris, JC	1
Aardema, NDJ	1
Bunnell, ML	1
Ward, RE	1
Hintze, KJ	1
Cho, CE	1
Chang, TY	1
Wu, CH	1
Chang, CY	1
Lee, FJ	1
Wang, BW	1
Doong, JY	1
Lin, YS	1
Kuo, CS	1
Huang, RS	1
Schugar, RC	1
Gliniak, CM	1
Osborn, LJ	1
Massey, W	1
Sangwan, N	1
Horak, A	1
Banerjee, R	1
Orabi, D	1
Helsley, RN	1
Brown, AL	1
Burrows, A	1
Finney, C	1
Fung, KK	1
Allen, FM	1
Ferguson, D	1
Gromovsky, AD	1
Neumann, C	1
Cook, K	1
McMillan, A	1
Buffa, JA	1
Anderson, JT	1
Mehrabian, M	1
Goudarzi, M	1
Willard, B	1
Mak, TD	1
Armstrong, AR	1
Swanson, G	1
Keshavarzian, A	1
Garcia-Garcia, JC	1
Wang, Z	2
Lusis, AJ	2
Hazen, SL	2
Brown, JM	1
Godfrey, H	1
Rankovic, A	1
Grant, CE	1
Shoveller, AK	1
Bakovic, M	1
Abood, SK	1
Verbrugghe, A	1
Hymel, E	3
Vlock, E	1
Fisher, KW	3
Farazi, PA	3
Fu, X	1
Liu, Z	1
Li, R	1
Yin, J	1
Sun, H	1
Zhu, C	2
Kong, Q	1
Mou, H	1
Nie, S	1
Bottari, SA	1
Cohen, RA	1
Friedman, J	1
Porges, EC	1
Chen, A	1
Britton, MK	1
Gunstad, J	1
Woods, AJ	1
Williamson, JB	1
Rein-Fischboeck, L	1
Pohl, R	1
Haberl, EM	1
Mages, W	1
Girke, P	1
Liebisch, G	1
Krautbauer, S	1
Buechler, C	1
Liu, C	2
Song, Z	1
Li, Z	1
Boon, MR	1
Schönke, M	1
Rensen, PCN	1
Wang, Y	1
Korsmo, HW	2
Kadam, I	1
Reaz, A	1
Bretter, R	2
Saxena, A	4
Johnson, CH	1
Caviglia, JM	1
Jiang, X	4
Abbasi, MSP	1
Tousi, AZ	1
Yazdani, Y	1
Vahdat, S	1
Gharebakhshi, F	1
Nikrad, N	1
Manzouri, A	1
Ardekani, AM	1
Jafarzadeh, F	1
Rodrigues, PM	1
Afonso, MB	1
Simão, AL	1
Islam, T	1
Gaspar, MM	1
O'Rourke, CJ	1
Lewinska, M	1
Andersen, JB	1
Arretxe, E	1
Alonso, C	1
Santos-Laso, Á	1
Izquierdo-Sanchez, L	1
Jimenez-Agüero, R	1
Eizaguirre, E	1
Bujanda, L	1
Pareja, MJ	1
Prip-Buus, C	2
Banales, JM	1
Rodrigues, CMP	1
Castro, RE	1
Rusnak, T	1
Azarcoya-Barrera, J	1
Wollin, B	1
Makarowski, A	1
Nelson, R	1
Field, CJ	1
Jacobs, RL	2
Richard, C	1
Eyupoglu, ND	1
Caliskan Guzelce, E	1
Acikgoz, A	1
Uyanik, E	1
Bjørndal, B	1
Berge, RK	2
Svardal, A	2
Yildiz, BO	1
Edwards, K	1
Dave, B	1
Jack-Roberts, C	3
Yu, H	1
Salvador, M	1
Dembitzer, M	1
Phagoora, J	1
Li, L	2
Jiang, M	1
Li, Y	1
Su, J	1
Qu, X	1
Fan, L	1
Peiretti, F	1
Valéro, R	1
Govers, R	1
Sawrey-Kubicek, L	1
Bardagjy, AS	1
Houts, H	1
Tang, X	1
Sacchi, R	1
Randolph, JM	1
Steinberg, FM	1
Zivkovic, AM	1
Prabhu, GS	1
K G Rao, M	1
Rai, KS	1
León-Mimila, P	1
Villamil-Ramírez, H	1
Li, XS	1
Shih, DM	1
Hui, ST	1
Ocampo-Medina, E	1
López-Contreras, B	1
Morán-Ramos, S	1
Olivares-Arevalo, M	1
Grandini-Rosales, P	1
Macías-Kauffer, L	1
González-González, I	1
Hernández-Pando, R	1
Gómez-Pérez, F	1
Campos-Pérez, F	1
Aguilar-Salinas, C	1
Larrieta-Carrasco, E	1
Villarreal-Molina, T	1
Huertas-Vazquez, A	1
Canizales-Quinteros, S	1
Suchacki, KJ	1
Morton, NM	1
Vary, C	1
Huesa, C	1
Yadav, MC	1
Thomas, BJ	1
Turban, S	1
Bunger, L	1
Ball, D	1
Barrios-Llerena, ME	1
Guntur, AR	1
Khavandgar, Z	1
Cawthorn, WP	1
Ferron, M	1
Karsenty, G	1
Murshed, M	1
Rosen, CJ	1
MacRae, VE	1
Millán, JL	1
Farquharson, C	1
Edwards, CG	1
Walk, AM	1
Thompson, SV	1
Reeser, GE	1
Dilger, RN	1
Erdman, JW	1
Burd, NA	1
Holscher, HD	1
Khan, NA	1
Kwee, LC	1
Ilkayeva, O	1
Muehlbauer, MJ	1
Bihlmeyer, N	1
Wolfe, B	1
Purnell, JQ	1
Xavier Pi-Sunyer, F	1
Chen, H	1
Bahnson, J	1
Newgard, CB	1
Shah, SH	1
Laferrère, B	1
Dos Santos Fechine, CPN	1
Monteiro, MGCA	1
Tavares, JF	1
Souto, AL	1
Luna, RCP	1
da Silva, CSO	1
da Silva, JA	1
Dos Santos, SG	1
de Carvalho Costa, MJ	1
Persuhn, DC	1
Yoo, W	1
Zieba, JK	1
Foegeding, NJ	1
Torres, TP	1
Shelton, CD	1
Shealy, NG	1
Byndloss, AJ	1
Cevallos, SA	1
Gertz, E	1
Tiffany, CR	1
Thomas, JD	1
Litvak, Y	1
Nguyen, H	1
Olsan, EE	1
Bennett, BJ	1
Rathmell, JC	1
Major, AS	1
Bäumler, AJ	1
Byndloss, MX	1
Suzuki-Kemuriyama, N	1
Abe, A	1
Nakane, S	1
Uno, K	1
Ogawa, S	1
Watanabe, A	1
Sano, R	1
Yuki, M	1
Miyajima, K	1
Nakae, D	1
Joselit, Y	1
Nanobashvili, K	2
Malysheva, OV	2
Caudill, MA	2
Axen, K	2
Gomaa, A	1
Nam, J	1
Greenwald, E	1
Ajeeb, TT	1
Semernina, E	1
Heianza, Y	3
Sun, D	3
Smith, SR	1
Bray, GA	3
Sacks, FM	3
Qi, L	3
Gao, X	1
Randell, E	1
Zhou, H	1
Sun, G	1
Li, X	3
DiDonato, JA	2
Lees, HJ	1
Swann, JR	1
Poucher, S	1
Holmes, E	1
Wilson, ID	1
Nicholson, JK	1
Zhou, T	1
Chen, Y	1
Pei, X	1
LeBoff, MS	1
Haley, AP	2
Gonzales, MM	2
Tarumi, T	2
Tanaka, H	2
Xu, L	1
Liu, B	1
Huang, Y	1
Liu, X	1
Zhang, SW	1
Xin, XG	1
Zheng, JZ	1
Linder, DE	1
Freeman, LM	1
Holden, SL	1
Biourge, V	1
German, AJ	1
Jha, P	1
Knopf, A	1
Koefeler, H	1
Mueller, M	1
Lackner, C	1
Hoefler, G	1
Claudel, T	1
Trauner, M	1
Collin de l'Hortet, A	1
Zerrad-Saadi, A	1
Fauveau, V	1
Helmy, N	1
Ziol, M	1
Vons, C	1
Billot, K	1
Baud, V	1
Gilgenkrantz, H	1
Guidotti, JE	1
Terashima, Y	1
Nishiumi, S	1
Minami, A	1
Kawano, Y	1
Hoshi, N	1
Azuma, T	1
Yoshida, M	1
Cordero, P	1
Milagro, FI	1
Campion, J	1
Martinez, JA	1
Yu, D	1
Shu, XO	1
Xiang, YB	1
Li, H	1
Yang, G	1
Gao, YT	1
Zheng, W	1
Zhang, X	1
Abu Bakar, MH	1
Sarmidi, MR	1
Cheng, KK	1
Ali Khan, A	1
Suan, CL	1
Zaman Huri, H	1
Yaakob, H	1
Trøseid, M	1
Hov, JR	1
Nestvold, TK	1
Thoresen, H	1
Lappegård, KT	1
Gautheron, J	1
Vucur, M	1
Schneider, AT	1
Severi, I	1
Roderburg, C	1
Roy, S	1
Bartneck, M	1
Schrammen, P	1
Diaz, MB	1
Ehling, J	1
Gremse, F	1
Heymann, F	1
Koppe, C	1
Lammers, T	1
Kiessling, F	1
Van Best, N	1
Pabst, O	1
Courtois, G	1
Linkermann, A	1
Krautwald, S	1
Neumann, UP	1
Tacke, F	1
Trautwein, C	1
Green, DR	1
Longerich, T	1
Frey, N	1
Luedde, M	1
Bluher, M	1
Herzig, S	1
Heikenwalder, M	1
Luedde, T	1
Pauwels, S	1
Truijen, I	1
Ghosh, M	1
Duca, RC	1
Langie, SAS	1
Bekaert, B	1
Freson, K	1
Huybrechts, I	1
Koppen, G	1
Devlieger, R	1
Godderis, L	1
Zhao, Y	1
Koonen, DP	1
Sletten, T	1
Su, B	1
Lingrell, S	1
Cao, G	1
Peake, DA	1
Kuo, MS	1
Proctor, SD	1
Kennedy, BP	1
Dyck, JR	1
Vance, DE	1
Llacuna, L	1
Fernández, A	1
Montfort, CV	1
Matías, N	1
Martínez, L	1
Caballero, F	1
Rimola, A	1
Elena, M	1
Morales, A	1
Fernández-Checa, JC	1
García-Ruiz, C	1
Musso, G	1
Gambino, R	1
Cassader, M	1
Rubio-Aliaga, I	1
Roos, Bd	1
Sailer, M	1
McLoughlin, GA	1
Boekschoten, MV	1
van Erk, M	1
Bachmair, EM	1
van Schothorst, EM	1
Keijer, J	1
Coort, SL	1
Evelo, C	1
Gibney, MJ	1
Daniel, H	1
Muller, M	1
Kleemann, R	1
Brennan, L	1
He, Q	1
Ren, P	1
Kong, X	1
Wu, Y	1
Wu, G	1
Li, P	1
Hao, F	1
Tang, H	1
Blachier, F	1
Yin, Y	1
Rinella, ME	1
Siddiqui, MS	1
Gardikiotes, K	1
Gottstein, J	1
Elias, M	1
Green, RM	1
Lakhan, SE	1
Kirchgessner, A	1
Kotas, ME	1
Lee, HY	1
Gillum, MP	1
Annicelli, C	1
Guigni, BA	1
Shulman, GI	2
Medzhitov, R	1
Henao-Mejia, J	1
Elinav, E	1
Jin, C	1
Hao, L	1
Mehal, WZ	1
Strowig, T	1
Thaiss, CA	1
Kau, AL	1
Eisenbarth, SC	1
Jurczak, MJ	1
Camporez, JP	1
Gordon, JI	1
Hoffman, HM	1
Flavell, RA	1
Eagan, DE	1
Vaghasia, M	1
Zeisel, SH	2
Xu, J	1
Cai, S	1
Dong, J	1
Feng, J	1
Chen, Z	1
HECKENBACH, W	1
Min, Y	1
Ghebremeskel, K	1
Lowy, C	1
Thomas, B	1
Crawford, MA	1
Ota, T	1
Takamura, T	1
Kurita, S	1
Matsuzawa, N	1
Kita, Y	1
Uno, M	1
Akahori, H	1
Misu, H	1
Sakurai, M	1
Zen, Y	1
Nakanuma, Y	1
Kaneko, S	1
Yamaguchi, K	1
Yang, L	1
McCall, S	1
Huang, J	1
Yu, XX	1
Pandey, SK	1
Bhanot, S	1
Monia, BP	1
Li, YX	1
Diehl, AM	1
Wortham, M	1
He, L	1
Gyamfi, M	1
Copple, BL	1
Wan, YJ	1
Kaminski, DL	2
Mueller, EJ	1
Jellinek, M	2
Kutty, KM	1
Shin, OH	1
da Costa, KA	1
Mar, MH	1
Ruwart, M	1
Mueller, J	1
Menz, L	1
Emmrich, R	1
Danielsson, A	1
Hochrein, M	1
Schleicher, I	1