choline has been researched along with Down Syndrome in 34 studies
Down Syndrome: A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 8.31 | Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation. ( Alldred, MJ; Ginsberg, SD; Heguy, A; Pidikiti, H; Roussos, P, 2023) |
| "Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is marked by intellectual disability and a premature aging profile including degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) projection system, similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 7.91 | Maternal Choline Supplementation Alters Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuron Gene Expression in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. ( Alldred, MJ; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Strupp, BJ, 2019) |
| " The relationship between folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway gene polymorphism and Down syndrome (DS) risk has been widely analyzed, but there are limited reports on its correlation with choline metabolism." | 7.85 | Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment. ( Chauhan, A; Jaiswal, SK; Kumar, A; Lakhotia, AR; Rai, AK; Sukla, KK, 2017) |
| "The Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits cognitive impairment and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs)." | 7.85 | Maternal choline supplementation in a mouse model of Down syndrome: Effects on attention and nucleus basalis/substantia innominata neuron morphology in adult offspring. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strawderman, MS; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2017) |
| "Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is marked by intellectual disability (ID) and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology including hippocampal cholinergic projection system degeneration." | 7.83 | Effects of Maternal Choline Supplementation on the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Ikonomovic, MD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2016) |
| " A potential therapeutic strategy emerging from the study of trisomic mouse models of DS is to supplement the maternal diet with additional choline during pregnancy and lactation." | 7.83 | Maternal Choline Supplementation: A Potential Prenatal Treatment for Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Caudill, MA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strawderman, M; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2016) |
| "The purpose of this study was to determine cerebral myo-inositol (mI) in adults with Down syndrome (DS), and to trace the chronobiology of DS to Alzheimer disease (AD)." | 7.69 | Role of increased cerebral myo-inositol in the dementia of Down syndrome. ( Ross, BD; Shonk, T, 1995) |
| " The results indicate that the TS16 condition in mice significantly modified the cholinergic function in brain, and to a lesser degree in spinal cord, suggesting that the higher gene dosage inherent to the trisomic condition affects cholinergic neurons in different regions of the central nervous system in a differential fashion." | 5.29 | Regional alteration of cholinergic function in central neurons of trisomy 16 mouse fetuses, an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). ( Caviedes, P; Caviedes, R; Epstein, CJ; Fiedler, JL; Rapoport, SI, 1994) |
| "All subjects with DS had a trisomy 21 karyotype, and 3 of the 6 older subjects were demented as judged from a history of mental deterioration, disorientation, and memory loss." | 5.28 | Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid choline in healthy aging and in Down's syndrome. ( Atack, JR; Hanin, I; Haxby, JV; May, C; Rapoport, SI; Schapiro, MB, 1990) |
| "Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 4.31 | Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation. ( Alldred, MJ; Ginsberg, SD; Heguy, A; Pidikiti, H; Roussos, P, 2023) |
| "Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is marked by intellectual disability and a premature aging profile including degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) projection system, similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 3.91 | Maternal Choline Supplementation Alters Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuron Gene Expression in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. ( Alldred, MJ; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Strupp, BJ, 2019) |
| " The relationship between folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway gene polymorphism and Down syndrome (DS) risk has been widely analyzed, but there are limited reports on its correlation with choline metabolism." | 3.85 | Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment. ( Chauhan, A; Jaiswal, SK; Kumar, A; Lakhotia, AR; Rai, AK; Sukla, KK, 2017) |
| "The Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits cognitive impairment and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs)." | 3.85 | Maternal choline supplementation in a mouse model of Down syndrome: Effects on attention and nucleus basalis/substantia innominata neuron morphology in adult offspring. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strawderman, MS; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2017) |
| "Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is marked by intellectual disability (ID) and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology including hippocampal cholinergic projection system degeneration." | 3.83 | Effects of Maternal Choline Supplementation on the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Ikonomovic, MD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2016) |
| " A potential therapeutic strategy emerging from the study of trisomic mouse models of DS is to supplement the maternal diet with additional choline during pregnancy and lactation." | 3.83 | Maternal Choline Supplementation: A Potential Prenatal Treatment for Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. ( Alldred, MJ; Ash, JA; Caudill, MA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strawderman, M; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2016) |
| "Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is a multifaceted condition marked by intellectual disability and early presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological lesions including degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) system." | 3.80 | Maternal choline supplementation differentially alters the basal forebrain cholinergic system of young-adult Ts65Dn and disomic mice. ( Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2014) |
| "Down syndrome (DS) is marked by intellectual disability (ID) and early-onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration." | 3.80 | Maternal choline supplementation improves spatial mapping and increases basal forebrain cholinergic neuron number and size in aged Ts65Dn mice. ( Ash, JA; Ginsberg, SD; Kelley, CM; Mufson, EJ; Powers, BE; Strupp, BJ; Velazquez, R, 2014) |
| "Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) induces lifelong cognitive benefits in the Ts65Dn mouse, a trisomic mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease." | 3.80 | Maternal choline supplementation programs greater activity of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway in adult Ts65Dn trisomic mice. ( Alldred, MJ; Caudill, MA; Ginsberg, SD; Powers, B; Saltzman, A; Strupp, BJ; Yan, J, 2014) |
| "The purpose of this study was to determine cerebral myo-inositol (mI) in adults with Down syndrome (DS), and to trace the chronobiology of DS to Alzheimer disease (AD)." | 3.69 | Role of increased cerebral myo-inositol in the dementia of Down syndrome. ( Ross, BD; Shonk, T, 1995) |
| "Down syndrome affects more than 5 million people globally." | 2.50 | Prenatal treatment of Down syndrome: a reality? ( Bianchi, DW; Delabar, JM; Guedj, F, 2014) |
| "Murine trisomy 16 is an animal model of human Down's syndrome." | 1.31 | Impaired cholinergic function in cell lines derived from the cerebral cortex of normal and trisomy 16 mice. ( Allen, DD; Arriagada, C; Cárdenas, AM; Caviedes, P; Caviedes, R; Martín, J; Rapoport, SI, 2000) |
| " The results indicate that the TS16 condition in mice significantly modified the cholinergic function in brain, and to a lesser degree in spinal cord, suggesting that the higher gene dosage inherent to the trisomic condition affects cholinergic neurons in different regions of the central nervous system in a differential fashion." | 1.29 | Regional alteration of cholinergic function in central neurons of trisomy 16 mouse fetuses, an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). ( Caviedes, P; Caviedes, R; Epstein, CJ; Fiedler, JL; Rapoport, SI, 1994) |
| "Significant correlations with maternal preeclampsia and fetal open spina bifida were also observed." | 1.29 | Metabolic profiling of amniotic fluid by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with fetal maturation and other clinical variables. ( Bock, JL, 1994) |
| "All subjects with DS had a trisomy 21 karyotype, and 3 of the 6 older subjects were demented as judged from a history of mental deterioration, disorientation, and memory loss." | 1.28 | Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid choline in healthy aging and in Down's syndrome. ( Atack, JR; Hanin, I; Haxby, JV; May, C; Rapoport, SI; Schapiro, MB, 1990) |
| "In contrast, trisomy 21 did not affect the uptake of choline, serine or glucose." | 1.28 | Down's syndrome fibroblasts exhibit enhanced inositol uptake. ( Fruen, BR; Lester, BR, 1990) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (8.82) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 8 (23.53) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (17.65) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 14 (41.18) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (8.82) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Alldred, MJ | 9 |
| Pidikiti, H | 1 |
| Heguy, A | 1 |
| Roussos, P | 1 |
| Ginsberg, SD | 12 |
| Gautier, MK | 1 |
| Kelley, CM | 8 |
| Lee, SH | 3 |
| McDaid, J | 1 |
| Mufson, EJ | 8 |
| Stutzmann, GE | 1 |
| Patkee, PA | 1 |
| Baburamani, AA | 1 |
| Long, KR | 1 |
| Dimitrova, R | 1 |
| Ciarrusta, J | 1 |
| Allsop, J | 1 |
| Hughes, E | 1 |
| Kangas, J | 1 |
| McAlonan, GM | 1 |
| Rutherford, MA | 1 |
| De Vita, E | 1 |
| Chao, HM | 2 |
| Beilin, J | 2 |
| Powers, BE | 8 |
| Petkova, E | 2 |
| Strupp, BJ | 11 |
| Velazquez, R | 6 |
| Ash, JA | 6 |
| Strawderman, M | 3 |
| Luscher, ZI | 1 |
| Guedj, F | 1 |
| Bianchi, DW | 1 |
| Delabar, JM | 1 |
| Yan, J | 1 |
| Powers, B | 1 |
| Saltzman, A | 1 |
| Caudill, MA | 2 |
| Ikonomovic, MD | 1 |
| Jaiswal, SK | 1 |
| Sukla, KK | 1 |
| Chauhan, A | 1 |
| Lakhotia, AR | 1 |
| Kumar, A | 1 |
| Rai, AK | 1 |
| Strawderman, MS | 1 |
| Moon, J | 1 |
| Chen, M | 1 |
| Gandhy, SU | 1 |
| Levitsky, DA | 1 |
| Maclean, KN | 1 |
| Obeid, R | 1 |
| Hartmuth, K | 1 |
| Herrmann, W | 1 |
| Gortner, L | 1 |
| Rohrer, TR | 1 |
| Geisel, J | 1 |
| Reed, MC | 1 |
| Nijhout, HF | 1 |
| Cárdenas, AM | 4 |
| Arriagada, C | 3 |
| Allen, DD | 4 |
| Caviedes, R | 5 |
| Cortes, JF | 1 |
| Martin, J | 2 |
| Couve, E | 1 |
| Rapoport, SI | 6 |
| Shimahara, T | 1 |
| Caviedes, P | 5 |
| Opazo, P | 1 |
| Saud, K | 1 |
| de Saint Pierre, M | 1 |
| Segura-Aguilar, J | 2 |
| Price, DL | 1 |
| Whitehouse, PJ | 1 |
| Struble, RG | 1 |
| Coyle, JT | 1 |
| Clark, AW | 1 |
| Delong, MR | 1 |
| Cork, LC | 1 |
| Hedreen, JC | 1 |
| Lejeune, J | 1 |
| Shonk, T | 1 |
| Ross, BD | 1 |
| Fiedler, JL | 1 |
| Epstein, CJ | 1 |
| Bock, JL | 1 |
| Murata, T | 2 |
| Koshino, Y | 2 |
| Omori, M | 1 |
| Murata, I | 2 |
| Nishio, M | 1 |
| Horie, T | 2 |
| Umezawa, Y | 1 |
| Isaki, K | 2 |
| Kimura, H | 2 |
| Itoh, S | 1 |
| Huang, W | 1 |
| Galdzicki, Z | 1 |
| van Gelderen, P | 1 |
| Balbo, A | 1 |
| Chikhale, EG | 1 |
| Schapiro, MB | 2 |
| Yao, FS | 1 |
| Caserta, MT | 1 |
| Wyrwicz, AM | 1 |
| Olivares, A | 1 |
| Bennett, LB | 1 |
| Dagnino-Subiabre, A | 1 |
| Mendoza, IE | 1 |
| Whalley, LJ | 1 |
| Simpson, J | 1 |
| Nitsch, RM | 1 |
| Blusztajn, JK | 1 |
| Pittas, AG | 1 |
| Slack, BE | 1 |
| Growdon, JH | 1 |
| Wurtman, RJ | 1 |
| Oomori, M | 1 |
| Ishii, Y | 1 |
| Atack, JR | 1 |
| Hanin, I | 1 |
| May, C | 1 |
| Haxby, JV | 1 |
| Fruen, BR | 1 |
| Lester, BR | 1 |
1 review available for choline and Down Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Prenatal treatment of Down syndrome: a reality?
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apigenin; Catechin; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syndrome; Dyrk | 2014 |
33 other studies available for choline and Down Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Basal Forebrain; Choline; Cholinergic Neurons; Dietary Supplements; Dise | 2023 |
Maternal choline supplementation protects against age-associated cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neuron degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Basal Forebrain; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Dietary Sup | 2023 |
Neurometabolite mapping highlights elevated myo-inositol profiles within the developing brain in down syndrome.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Down Syndrome; Female; Fetus; Glycine; Humans; Infant, Newb | 2021 |
CA1 pyramidal neuron gene expression mosaics in the Ts65Dn murine model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease following maternal choline supplementation.
Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Mo | 2018 |
Maternal Choline Supplementation Alters Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuron Gene Expression in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Basal Forebrain; Choline; Cholinergic Neurons; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; | 2019 |
Long-term effects of maternal choline supplementation on CA1 pyramidal neuron gene expression in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, A | 2019 |
Maternal choline supplementation improves spatial learning and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Doublecortin D | 2013 |
Maternal choline supplementation differentially alters the basal forebrain cholinergic system of young-adult Ts65Dn and disomic mice.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cell Count; Cell Size; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cholinergic Fiber | 2014 |
Maternal choline supplementation improves spatial mapping and increases basal forebrain cholinergic neuron number and size in aged Ts65Dn mice.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Basal Forebrain; Cell Count; Cell Size; Choline; Cholinergic Neurons; Dietary Supple | 2014 |
Maternal choline supplementation programs greater activity of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway in adult Ts65Dn trisomic mice.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Down Syndrome; Female; Lipid Metabolis | 2014 |
Effects of Maternal Choline Supplementation on the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Disease Models, Animal; Down Synd | 2016 |
Maternal Choline Supplementation: A Potential Prenatal Treatment for Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syndrome; Female; Hippocampus; Hum | 2016 |
Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment.
Topics: Adult; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Case-Control Studies; Child; Choline; Choline Dehyd | 2017 |
Maternal choline supplementation in a mouse model of Down syndrome: Effects on attention and nucleus basalis/substantia innominata neuron morphology in adult offspring.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Basal Forebrain; Cell Count; Cell Size; Choline; Cholinergic Neurons; Dietary Su | 2017 |
Perinatal choline supplementation improves cognitive functioning and emotion regulation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Attention; Choline; Cognition; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syn | 2010 |
Blood biomarkers of methylation in Down syndrome and metabolic simulations using a mathematical model.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cyst | 2012 |
Cell lines derived from hippocampal neurons of the normal and trisomy 16 mouse fetus (a model for Down syndrome) exhibit neuronal markers, cholinergic function, and functional neurotransmitter receptors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syndrome; Fem | 2002 |
Knockdown of amyloid precursor protein normalizes cholinergic function in a cell line derived from the cerebral cortex of a trisomy 16 mouse: An animal model of down syndrome.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Algorithms; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Ce | 2006 |
Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Axons; Brain; Choline; Choline | 1982 |
20 years later.
Topics: Amino Acids; Choline; Down Syndrome; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glyoxylates; Humans; Intellectual Disab | 1981 |
Role of increased cerebral myo-inositol in the dementia of Down syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creati | 1995 |
Regional alteration of cholinergic function in central neurons of trisomy 16 mouse fetuses, an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Choline; Dise | 1994 |
Metabolic profiling of amniotic fluid by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with fetal maturation and other clinical variables.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amniotic Fluid; Choline; Creatinine; Down Syndrome; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fe | 1994 |
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study on premature aging in adult Down's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cellular Senescence; Choline; Creatinine; Down Syndr | 1993 |
Brain myo-inositol level is elevated in Ts65Dn mouse and reduced after lithium treatment.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syndrome; Female; Ino | 2000 |
Impaired cholinergic function in cell lines derived from the cerebral cortex of normal and trisomy 16 mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cell Line; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltran | 2000 |
In vitro 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic evidence of multiple aberrant biochemical pathways in murine trisomy 16 brain development.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Disease Models, Ani | 2000 |
Establishment and characterization of immortalized neuronal cell lines derived from the spinal cord of normal and trisomy 16 fetal mice, an animal model of Down syndrome.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line, Transformed; | 2002 |
14C-choline transport into red blood cells in Down's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Choline; Down Syndrome; Erythrocytes; Humans; Middle Aged | 1979 |
Evidence for a membrane defect in Alzheimer disease brain.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Down Syndrome; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; | 1992 |
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adult Down's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Down Syndrome; Energy Metabolism; Female; | 1992 |
Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid choline in healthy aging and in Down's syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Choline; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 1990 |
Down's syndrome fibroblasts exhibit enhanced inositol uptake.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Choline; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, | 1990 |