choline and Brain Neoplasms studies

Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We performed serial (1)H-MRSI examinations to assess intratumoral metabolite intensities in 16 patients receiving high-dose oral tamoxifen monotherapy for recurrent malignant glioma (WHO grade III or IV) as part of a phase II clinical trial."	9.13	Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. ( Arnold, DL; Assina, R; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; Leblanc, R; Preul, MC; Sankar, T; Villemure, JG, 2008)
"The choline/N-acetyl-aspartate (Cho/NAA) ratio, obtained by the multivoxel spectroscopy with short echo time (TE), was evaluated, in the histological grading of the brain astrocytomas (grades I, II and III-IV) in comparison with the normal cerebral parenchyma."	9.12	[Multivoxel spectroscopy with short echo time: choline/N-acetyl-aspartate ratio and the grading of cerebral astrocytomas]. ( Aragão, Mde F; Araújo, N; Azevedo Filho, HR; Leite, Cda C; Melo, RV; Otaduy, MC; Silva, JL; Valença, MM; Victor, EG, 2007)
"Twenty-six patients (mean age 16 years, range 8-22 years) with suspected glioma disease progression were evaluated with 18 F-choline PET/MRI."	8.31	Mapping glioma heterogeneity using multiparametric 18 F-choline PET/MRI in childhood and teenage-young adults. ( Al-Khayfawee, A; Bomanji, J; Cockle, JV; Ferrazzoli, V; Fraioli, F; Hyare, H; Shankar, A; Tang, C, 2023)
"To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) and fluoromethyl-(18F)-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl-ammonium chloride (18F-FCH) computed tomography (CT) in patients with primary low-grade gliomas (LGG)."	8.02	18F-FET and 18F-choline PET-CT in patients with MRI-suspected low-grade gliomas: a pilot study. ( Baučić, M; Golubić, AT; Hodolič, M; Huić, D; Mišir Krpan, A; Mrak, G; Nemir, J; Žuvić, M, 2021)
"Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most frequent and aggressive human primary brain tumours, have altered cell metabolism, and one of the strongest indicators of malignancy is an increase in choline compounds."	8.02	Choline and nicotine increase glioblastoma cell proliferation by binding and activating α7- and α9- containing nicotinic receptors. ( Benfante, R; Clementi, F; Daga, A; Di Lascio, S; Fasoli, F; Gordon, TJ; Gotti, C; McIntosh, M; Moretti, M; Pucci, S; Viani, P; Zoli, M, 2021)
"Ischemic complications after resection of high-grade glioma are frequent and may constitute potential cause of false-positive results in postsurgical evaluation using F-fluorocholine PET/CT."	7.91	Ischemic Complications After High-Grade Glioma Resection Could Interfere With Residual Tumor Detection With 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT. ( García Vicente, AM; Martinez Madrigal, MM; Pena Pardo, FJ; Rodriguez Muñoz, MJ; Soriano Castrejón, A, 2019)
"The aim of this study is to assess the different metabolic activities characteristic of glioma recurrence and radiation necrosis (RN) and to explore the diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of the two conditions using (11)C-methionine (MET), (11)C-choline (CHO), and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)."	7.80	Comparison of (11)C-methionine, (11)C-choline, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET for distinguishing glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis. ( Asano, Y; Iwama, T; Miwa, K; Nomura, Y; Shinoda, J; Takenaka, S; Yano, H; Yonezawa, S, 2014)
"The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in detecting tumor recurrence and predicting survival in post-treatment patients with high-grade gliomas."	7.80	(11)C-choline PET/CT tumor recurrence detection and survival prediction in post-treatment patients with high-grade gliomas. ( Hu, X; Li, W; Ma, L; Sun, J; Wang, S; Wang, X, 2014)
"To study choline metabolism in biopsies from nonenhancing Grade 2 (AS2) and Grade 3 (AS3) astrocytomas to determine whether (1) phosphocholine (PC) dominates in AS3, and (2) PC is associated with proliferation or angiogenesis."	7.77	Choline metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis in nonenhancing grades 2 and 3 astrocytoma. ( Berger, MS; Chang, SM; Chiu, KS; Chu, PW; Cloyd, CP; McKnight, TR; Phillips, JJ; Smith, KJ, 2011)
"This study was designed to evaluate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for monitoring the WHO grade II glioma (low-grade glioma (LGG)) treated with temozolomide (TMZ)."	7.77	Predicting the outcome of grade II glioma treated with temozolomide using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Abud, L; Capelle, L; Chiras, J; Costalat, R; De Marco, G; Guillevin, R; Habas, C; Hoang-Xuan, K; Menuel, C; Taillibert, S; Vallée, JN, 2011)
"To compare potentials of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), F-18 FDG, and 11C-Choline PET/CT in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from necrosis after radiotherapy."	7.77	Comparison of MRI, F-18 FDG, and 11C-choline PET/CT for their potentials in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from brain tumor necrosis following radiotherapy. ( Chen, L; Guan, Y; Lin, X; Tan, H, 2011)
"A new method based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled to the use of a stable isotope labelled substrate was developed to study the metabolism of choline (Cho) compounds in two human glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cell lines with different responses to ionising radiation."	7.76	Analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic choline compounds in radioresistant and radiosensitive glioblastoma cell lines by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS. ( Balayssac, S; Claparols, C; Desoubzdanne, D; Gilard, V; Malet-Martino, M; Martino, R; Martins-Froment, N; Tercé, F; Zedde, C, 2010)
"The present study was done for evaluation of the possible influence of the oral administration of choline on metabolic characteristics of gliomas detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)."	7.75	Oral administration of choline does not affect metabolic characteristics of gliomas and normal-appearing white matter, as detected with single-voxel (1)H-MRS at 1.5 T. ( Chernov, MF; Hori, T; Iseki, H; Kubo, O; Maruyama, T; Muragaki, Y; Nakamura, R; Ono, Y; Takakura, K; Usukura, M; Yoshida, S, 2009)
"PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine (Cr) as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy."	7.74	Evaluation of cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy. ( Ağildere, AM; Atalay, B; Elhan, AH; Geyik, E; Ozen, O; Yerli, H, 2007)
" The aim of this study was to determine uptake of the (18)F-labeled PET tracers (18)F-fluorocholine (N,N-dimethyl-N-(18)F-fluoromethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium), (18)F-fluoro-ethyl-l-tyrosine (FET), and (18)F-FDG in C6 gliomas of the rat and to correlate it with uptake of the anti-extra domain B antibody (131)I-SIP(L19) as a marker of neoangiogenesis."	7.74	Uptake of 18F-Fluorocholine, 18F-FET, and 18F-FDG in C6 gliomas and correlation with 131I-SIP(L19), a marker of angiogenesis. ( Alessi, P; Biollaz, G; Buck, A; Neri, D; Pahnke, J; Spaeth, N; Trachsel, E; Treyer, V; Weber, B; Wyss, MT, 2007)
"Diffusion tensor imaging and multiple voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed in the MRI follow-up of a patient with a glioma treated with temozolomide chemotherapy."	7.74	Diffusion tensor imaging and chemical shift imaging assessment of heterogeneity in low grade glioma under temozolomide chemotherapy. ( Enting, RH; Heesters, MA; Irwan, R; Meiners, LC; Oudkerk, M; Potze, JH; Sijens, PE; van der Graaf, WT, 2007)
"To examine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and choline levels from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in newly diagnosed Grade II and IV gliomas within distinct anatomic regions."	7.74	Relationship between choline and apparent diffusion coefficient in patients with gliomas. ( Cha, S; Chang, SM; Crawford, FW; Khayal, IS; Lamborn, KR; McKnight, TR; Nelson, SJ; Saraswathy, S, 2008)
" The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic activity of gliomas using (11)C-methionine (MET), [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and (11)C-choline (CHO) PET and to explore the correlation between the metabolic activity and histopathologic features."	7.74	Metabolic assessment of gliomas using 11C-methionine, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose, and 11C-choline positron-emission tomography. ( Iwama, T; Kato, T; Maruyama, T; Miwa, K; Muragaki, Y; Nakayama, N; Okumura, A; Shinoda, J; Yano, H; Yoshimura, S, 2008)
"The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET)-positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for tumor diagnosis in patients with suspected gliomas."	7.73	Multimodal metabolic imaging of cerebral gliomas: positron emission tomography with [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Coenen, H; Floeth, FW; Hamacher, K; Langen, KJ; Messing-Jünger, M; Müller, HW; Pauleit, D; Reifenberger, G; Sabel, M; Steiger, HJ; Stummer, W; Weber, F; Wittsack, HJ; Woebker, G; Zilles, K, 2005)
"The concentrations of endogenous amino acids and choline in the extracellular fluid of human cerebral gliomas have been measured, for the first time, by in vivo microdialysis."	7.72	Extracellular levels of amino acids and choline in human high grade gliomas: an intraoperative microdialysis study. ( Ballini, C; Bianchi, L; Bricolo, A; De Micheli, E; Della Corte, L; Fattori, M; Pedata, F; Tipton, KF; Venturi, C, 2004)
"To investigate the potential value of pre-external-beam radiation therapy (XRT) choline-to-NAA (N-acetylaspartate) index (CNI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for predicting survival in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)."	7.72	Survival analysis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: predictive value of choline-to-N-acetylaspartate index, apparent diffusion coefficient, and relative cerebral blood volume. ( Catalaa, I; Chang, S; Dillon, WP; Henry, RG; Li, X; Lu, Y; Nelson, SJ; Oh, J; Pirzkall, A, 2004)
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the semiquantitative choline-containing compound level (Cho value) measured by MR spectroscopy and the Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas."	7.70	Correlation between choline level measured by proton MR spectroscopy and Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas. ( Kumabe, T; Shimizu, H; Shirane, R; Yoshimoto, T, 2000)
"Gliomas are characterized by intratumoral histological heterogeneity, coexisting foci of low and high grade."	5.56	Low-Grade Versus High-Grade Glioma… That Is the Question. 18F-Fluorocholine PET in the Detection of Anaplastic Focus. ( Borrás Moreno, JM; Cordero García, JM; García Vicente, AM; López Menéndez, C; Soriano Castrejón, A, 2020)
"F-FDG PET showed no uptake of the residual tumor, whereas F-choline depicted highly metabolic residual disease uptake with excellent delineation of local recurrence."	5.51	18F-Choline PET/CT Imaging for Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma Recurrence. ( Cassou-Mounat, T; Huchet, V; Jehanno, N; Luporsi, M; Mammar, H, 2019)
"High-grade glioma is a very aggressive and infiltrative tumor in which complete resection is a chance for a better outcome."	5.46	18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT, Brain MRI, and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Assessment of Tumor Resection in High-Grade Glioma. ( Borrás Moreno, JM; García Vicente, AM; Jiménez Aragón, F; Jiménez Londoño, GA; Villena Martín, M, 2017)
"The follow-up of treated low-grade glioma (LGG) requires the evaluation of subtle clinical changes and MRI results."	5.42	¹⁸F-Fluorocholine PET/CT as a complementary tool in the follow-up of low-grade glioma: diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. ( Chamorro Santos, CE; Gómez-Río, M; Lardelli-Claret, P; Llamas-Elvira, JM; Luque Caro, R; Olivares Granados, G; Rodríguez-Fernández, A; Santiago Chinchilla, A; Testart Dardel, N; Zurita Herrera, M, 2015)
"F98 gliomas were induced in 26 rats."	5.33	Uptake of 18F-fluorocholine, 18F-fluoro-ethyl-L: -tyrosine and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in F98 gliomas in the rat. ( Biollaz, G; Buck, A; Goepfert, K; Lutz, A; Pahnke, J; Spaeth, N; Treyer, V; Weber, B; Westera, G; Wyss, MT, 2006)
"To report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, emphasizing the proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) findings."	5.33	Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with high choline/creatine ratio on proton MR spectroscopy. ( Bruck, I; de Carvalho Neto, A; Gasparetto, EL, 2006)
"Pediatric brain gliomas are not always amenable for complete surgical excision, therefore adjuvant treatment for a large tumor mass is often required."	5.30	Variation of post-treatment H-MRSI choline intensity in pediatric gliomas. ( Alger, J; Gupta, RK; Lazareff, JA, 1999)
"It was concluded that in brain metastases of mammary carcinoma Lact represents a product of ischemia preceding/during tissue decay resulting in central necrosis, rather than tumor specific metabolism resulting in increased glycolysis."	5.29	Correlation between choline level and Gd-DTPA enhancement in patients with brain metastases of mammary carcinoma. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P, 1994)
"Thirteen patients with recurrent glioblastoma were enrolled in RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677, a prospective multicenter trial in which bevacizumab was used in combination with either temozolomide or irinotecan."	5.17	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an early indicator of response to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677. ( Barboriak, DP; Bokstein, F; Boxerman, JL; Gilbert, MR; McKinstry, RC; Ratai, EM; Safriel, Y; Snyder, BS; Sorensen, AG; Zhang, Z, 2013)
"We explored the clinical values of (11)C-choline ((11)C-CHO) PET in optimization of target volume delineation and treatment regimens in postoperative radiotherapy for brain gliomas."	5.16	11C-CHO PET in optimization of target volume delineation and treatment regimens in postoperative radiotherapy for brain gliomas. ( Chang, SM; Fang, HH; Jia, HW; Li, FM; Liang, YK; Nie, Q; Wang, RM; Yang, P; Zhang, J; Zhao, WR; Zhu, Q, 2012)
"We performed serial (1)H-MRSI examinations to assess intratumoral metabolite intensities in 16 patients receiving high-dose oral tamoxifen monotherapy for recurrent malignant glioma (WHO grade III or IV) as part of a phase II clinical trial."	5.13	Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. ( Arnold, DL; Assina, R; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; Leblanc, R; Preul, MC; Sankar, T; Villemure, JG, 2008)
"The choline/N-acetyl-aspartate (Cho/NAA) ratio, obtained by the multivoxel spectroscopy with short echo time (TE), was evaluated, in the histological grading of the brain astrocytomas (grades I, II and III-IV) in comparison with the normal cerebral parenchyma."	5.12	[Multivoxel spectroscopy with short echo time: choline/N-acetyl-aspartate ratio and the grading of cerebral astrocytomas]. ( Aragão, Mde F; Araújo, N; Azevedo Filho, HR; Leite, Cda C; Melo, RV; Otaduy, MC; Silva, JL; Valença, MM; Victor, EG, 2007)
" There are a number of metabolites that can be identified by standard brain proton MRS but only a few of them has a clinical significance in diagnosis of gliomas including N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, myo-inositol, lactate, and lipids."	4.89	Potential of MR spectroscopy for assessment of glioma grading. ( Bulik, M; Jancalek, R; Mechl, M; Skoch, A; Vanicek, J, 2013)
" This biochemical information can be processed and presented as density maps of several metabolites, among them N-acetylaspartate (marker of neuronal viability), choline (marker of membrane turnover), creatine (related to the energy state of the cells), myo-Inositol (exclusively found in astrocytes), lipids and lactate (observed in necrosis and other pathological processes) which mean relevant information in the context of brain tumors."	4.85	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in the study of human brain cancer. ( Celda, B; Martínez-Bisbal, MC, 2009)
" The fluorine-18 ((18)F)-labeled choline derivative fluorocholine (FCH) in particular has demonstrated potential utility for imaging of a variety of neoplasms, including those of the breast, prostate, liver, and brain."	4.84	Cancer imaging with fluorine-18-labeled choline derivatives. ( Coel, MN; DeGrado, TR; Gutman, F; Kwee, SA; Talbot, JN, 2007)
"Twenty-six patients (mean age 16 years, range 8-22 years) with suspected glioma disease progression were evaluated with 18 F-choline PET/MRI."	4.31	Mapping glioma heterogeneity using multiparametric 18 F-choline PET/MRI in childhood and teenage-young adults. ( Al-Khayfawee, A; Bomanji, J; Cockle, JV; Ferrazzoli, V; Fraioli, F; Hyare, H; Shankar, A; Tang, C, 2023)
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	4.21	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; 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Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)
"To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) and fluoromethyl-(18F)-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl-ammonium chloride (18F-FCH) computed tomography (CT) in patients with primary low-grade gliomas (LGG)."	4.02	18F-FET and 18F-choline PET-CT in patients with MRI-suspected low-grade gliomas: a pilot study. ( Baučić, M; Golubić, AT; Hodolič, M; Huić, D; Mišir Krpan, A; Mrak, G; Nemir, J; Žuvić, M, 2021)
"The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative 18F-fluoroethylcholine (CHO) PET characteristics for differentiating lower-grade glioma (LGG) from glioblastoma (GBM)."	4.02	Quantitative Features From CHO PET Distinguish the WHO Grades of Primary Diffuse Glioma. ( Chen, W; Cheng, X; Jiang, C; Kong, Z; Liu, D; Ma, W; Wang, Y, 2021)
"Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most frequent and aggressive human primary brain tumours, have altered cell metabolism, and one of the strongest indicators of malignancy is an increase in choline compounds."	4.02	Choline and nicotine increase glioblastoma cell proliferation by binding and activating α7- and α9- containing nicotinic receptors. ( Benfante, R; Clementi, F; Daga, A; Di Lascio, S; Fasoli, F; Gordon, TJ; Gotti, C; McIntosh, M; Moretti, M; Pucci, S; Viani, P; Zoli, M, 2021)
" These methods were evaluated for segmentation of volumetric MRSI studies of gliomas using maps of the choline to N-acetylaspartate ratio, and a qualitative comparison of lesion volumes carried out."	3.91	Lesion segmentation for MR spectroscopic imaging using the convolution difference method. ( Maudsley, AA, 2019)
"Ischemic complications after resection of high-grade glioma are frequent and may constitute potential cause of false-positive results in postsurgical evaluation using F-fluorocholine PET/CT."	3.91	Ischemic Complications After High-Grade Glioma Resection Could Interfere With Residual Tumor Detection With 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT. ( García Vicente, AM; Martinez Madrigal, MM; Pena Pardo, FJ; Rodriguez Muñoz, MJ; Soriano Castrejón, A, 2019)
"In this study, we investigated fluorine-18 fluoromethylcholine (F-FCho) PET and contrast-enhanced MRI for predicting therapy response in glioblastoma (GB) patients according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria."	3.85	18F-FCho PET and MRI for the prediction of response in glioblastoma patients according to the RANO criteria. ( Acou, M; Bolcaen, J; Boterberg, T; De Vos, F; Deblaere, K; Goethals, I; Van den Broecke, C; Van Holen, R; Vanhove, C, 2017)
"Purpose To determine whether regions of low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with high relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) represented elevated choline (Cho)-to-N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ratio (hereafter, Cho/NAA ratio) and whether their volumes correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM)."	3.85	Multiparametric MR Imaging of Diffusion and Perfusion in Contrast-enhancing and Nonenhancing Components in Patients with Glioblastoma. ( Boonzaier, NR; Larkin, TJ; Matys, T; Price, SJ; van der Hoorn, A; Yan, JL, 2017)
"The aim of this study is to assess the different metabolic activities characteristic of glioma recurrence and radiation necrosis (RN) and to explore the diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of the two conditions using (11)C-methionine (MET), (11)C-choline (CHO), and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)."	3.80	Comparison of (11)C-methionine, (11)C-choline, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET for distinguishing glioma recurrence from radiation necrosis. ( Asano, Y; Iwama, T; Miwa, K; Nomura, Y; Shinoda, J; Takenaka, S; Yano, H; Yonezawa, S, 2014)
"Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed glioblastoma had 3D-MR proton spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) along with T2 and T1 gadolinium-enhanced MR images at simulation and at boost treatment planning after 17 to 20 fractions of radiation therapy."	3.80	3-Dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3 Tesla for early response assessment of glioblastoma patients during external beam radiation therapy. ( Anderson, CM; Bayouth, JE; Buatti, JM; Capizzano, AA; Clerkin, PP; Magnotta, V; McGuire, SM; Morris, A; Muruganandham, M; Smith, BJ; Smith, MC, 2014)
"The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of (11)C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in detecting tumor recurrence and predicting survival in post-treatment patients with high-grade gliomas."	3.80	(11)C-choline PET/CT tumor recurrence detection and survival prediction in post-treatment patients with high-grade gliomas. ( Hu, X; Li, W; Ma, L; Sun, J; Wang, S; Wang, X, 2014)
"There is significant elevation of the choline (Cho) /creatine (Cr) ratio, Cho peak and depression of the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak in gliomas."	3.78	Preoperative assessment using multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with brain gliomas. ( Shang, HB; Zhang, WF; Zhao, WG, 2012)
"Peritumoral N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, Cho/NAA and rCBV significantly differentiated glioblastomas from intracranial metastases."	3.78	Differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme from metastatic brain tumor using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion metrics at 3 T. ( Fezoulidis, I; Fountas, K; Kapsalaki, E; Kousi, E; Svolos, P; Theodorou, K; Tsougos, I, 2012)
" The aim of this work is to evaluate whether regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), as well as choline (Cho), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and myo-inositol (mIns) concentrations differ between tumefactive lesions and World Health Organization (WHO) grade II-III gliomas."	3.77	Metabolism and regional cerebral blood volume in autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating lesions mimicking malignant gliomas. ( Blasel, S; Hattingen, E; Jansen, V; Mueller, K; Pfeilschifter, W; Zanella, F, 2011)
"To study choline metabolism in biopsies from nonenhancing Grade 2 (AS2) and Grade 3 (AS3) astrocytomas to determine whether (1) phosphocholine (PC) dominates in AS3, and (2) PC is associated with proliferation or angiogenesis."	3.77	Choline metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis in nonenhancing grades 2 and 3 astrocytoma. ( Berger, MS; Chang, SM; Chiu, KS; Chu, PW; Cloyd, CP; McKnight, TR; Phillips, JJ; Smith, KJ, 2011)
"This study was designed to evaluate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for monitoring the WHO grade II glioma (low-grade glioma (LGG)) treated with temozolomide (TMZ)."	3.77	Predicting the outcome of grade II glioma treated with temozolomide using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Abud, L; Capelle, L; Chiras, J; Costalat, R; De Marco, G; Guillevin, R; Habas, C; Hoang-Xuan, K; Menuel, C; Taillibert, S; Vallée, JN, 2011)
"To compare potentials of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), F-18 FDG, and 11C-Choline PET/CT in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from necrosis after radiotherapy."	3.77	Comparison of MRI, F-18 FDG, and 11C-choline PET/CT for their potentials in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from brain tumor necrosis following radiotherapy. ( Chen, L; Guan, Y; Lin, X; Tan, H, 2011)
"Metabolite maps of N-acetyl aspartate, choline and creatine were generated using (1)H-CSI data from the brain of healthy volunteers and patients with tumor and epilepsy."	3.76	Grid-free interactive and automated data processing for MR chemical shift imaging data. ( Confort-Gouny, S; Cozzone, PJ; Guye, M; Kober, F; Le Fur, Y; Nicoli, F, 2010)
"A new method based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) coupled to the use of a stable isotope labelled substrate was developed to study the metabolism of choline (Cho) compounds in two human glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cell lines with different responses to ionising radiation."	3.76	Analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic choline compounds in radioresistant and radiosensitive glioblastoma cell lines by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS. ( Balayssac, S; Claparols, C; Desoubzdanne, D; Gilard, V; Malet-Martino, M; Martino, R; Martins-Froment, N; Tercé, F; Zedde, C, 2010)
"Our purpose was to investigate whether in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, using normalized concentrations of total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCr), can differentiate between WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and diffuse, fibrillary WHO grade II astrocytoma (DA) in children."	3.76	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in pediatric low-grade gliomas. ( Franz, K; Hattingen, E; Kieslich, M; Lehrbecher, T; Pilatus, U; Porto, L, 2010)
"The present study was done for evaluation of the possible influence of the oral administration of choline on metabolic characteristics of gliomas detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)."	3.75	Oral administration of choline does not affect metabolic characteristics of gliomas and normal-appearing white matter, as detected with single-voxel (1)H-MRS at 1.5 T. ( Chernov, MF; Hori, T; Iseki, H; Kubo, O; Maruyama, T; Muragaki, Y; Nakamura, R; Ono, Y; Takakura, K; Usukura, M; Yoshida, S, 2009)
"PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine (Cr) as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy."	3.74	Evaluation of cerebral glioma grade by using normal side creatine as an internal reference in multi-voxel 1H-MR spectroscopy. ( Ağildere, AM; Atalay, B; Elhan, AH; Geyik, E; Ozen, O; Yerli, H, 2007)
" The aim of this study was to determine uptake of the (18)F-labeled PET tracers (18)F-fluorocholine (N,N-dimethyl-N-(18)F-fluoromethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium), (18)F-fluoro-ethyl-l-tyrosine (FET), and (18)F-FDG in C6 gliomas of the rat and to correlate it with uptake of the anti-extra domain B antibody (131)I-SIP(L19) as a marker of neoangiogenesis."	3.74	Uptake of 18F-Fluorocholine, 18F-FET, and 18F-FDG in C6 gliomas and correlation with 131I-SIP(L19), a marker of angiogenesis. ( Alessi, P; Biollaz, G; Buck, A; Neri, D; Pahnke, J; Spaeth, N; Trachsel, E; Treyer, V; Weber, B; Wyss, MT, 2007)
"Diffusion tensor imaging and multiple voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed in the MRI follow-up of a patient with a glioma treated with temozolomide chemotherapy."	3.74	Diffusion tensor imaging and chemical shift imaging assessment of heterogeneity in low grade glioma under temozolomide chemotherapy. ( Enting, RH; Heesters, MA; Irwan, R; Meiners, LC; Oudkerk, M; Potze, JH; Sijens, PE; van der Graaf, WT, 2007)
" C-choline can achieve high contrast of brain tumour imaging and was expected to have higher sensitivity and specificity."	3.74	Misdiagnoses of 11C-choline combined with 18F-FDG PET imaging in brain tumours. ( Guan, Y; Huang, Z; Lin, X; Liu, P; Xue, F; Zhang, Z; Zuo, C, 2008)
"To examine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and choline levels from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in newly diagnosed Grade II and IV gliomas within distinct anatomic regions."	3.74	Relationship between choline and apparent diffusion coefficient in patients with gliomas. ( Cha, S; Chang, SM; Crawford, FW; Khayal, IS; Lamborn, KR; McKnight, TR; Nelson, SJ; Saraswathy, S, 2008)
" The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic activity of gliomas using (11)C-methionine (MET), [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and (11)C-choline (CHO) PET and to explore the correlation between the metabolic activity and histopathologic features."	3.74	Metabolic assessment of gliomas using 11C-methionine, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose, and 11C-choline positron-emission tomography. ( Iwama, T; Kato, T; Maruyama, T; Miwa, K; Muragaki, Y; Nakayama, N; Okumura, A; Shinoda, J; Yano, H; Yoshimura, S, 2008)
"The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET)-positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for tumor diagnosis in patients with suspected gliomas."	3.73	Multimodal metabolic imaging of cerebral gliomas: positron emission tomography with [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Coenen, H; Floeth, FW; Hamacher, K; Langen, KJ; Messing-Jünger, M; Müller, HW; Pauleit, D; Reifenberger, G; Sabel, M; Steiger, HJ; Stummer, W; Weber, F; Wittsack, HJ; Woebker, G; Zilles, K, 2005)
"In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of glial brain tumours reported that higher grade of astrocytoma is associated with increased level of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and decreased levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr)."	3.73	In vitro study of astrocytic tumour metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Belan, V; Béres, A; De Riggo, J; Dobrota, D; Galanda, M; Likavcanová, K; Liptaj, T; Mlynárik, V; Prónayová, N, 2005)
"The ratios of choline (Cho) to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and Cho to creatine (Cr) in those with high-grade astrocytomas (n=4) were significantly higher than in those with low-grade astrocytomas (n=17) (t=2."	3.73	In vivo research in astrocytoma cell proliferation with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ( Chen, J; Chen, XL; Huang, SL; Li, T, 2006)
"Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopy are noninvasive, quantitative tools for the preoperative assessment of gliomas with which the quantitative parameter fractional anisotropy (FA) and the concentration of neurometabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) of the brain can be determined."	3.73	Disarrangement of fiber tracts and decline of neuronal density correlate in glioma patients--a combined diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy study. ( Ding, XQ; Fiehler, J; Goebell, E; Hagel, C; Heese, O; Kucinski, T; Nietz, S; Paustenbach, S; Westphal, M; Zeumer, H, 2006)
"The concentrations of endogenous amino acids and choline in the extracellular fluid of human cerebral gliomas have been measured, for the first time, by in vivo microdialysis."	3.72	Extracellular levels of amino acids and choline in human high grade gliomas: an intraoperative microdialysis study. ( Ballini, C; Bianchi, L; Bricolo, A; De Micheli, E; Della Corte, L; Fattori, M; Pedata, F; Tipton, KF; Venturi, C, 2004)
"To investigate the potential value of pre-external-beam radiation therapy (XRT) choline-to-NAA (N-acetylaspartate) index (CNI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for predicting survival in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)."	3.72	Survival analysis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: predictive value of choline-to-N-acetylaspartate index, apparent diffusion coefficient, and relative cerebral blood volume. ( Catalaa, I; Chang, S; Dillon, WP; Henry, RG; Li, X; Lu, Y; Nelson, SJ; Oh, J; Pirzkall, A, 2004)
" The concentration of taurine (Tau) in medulloblastomas was 29."	3.72	In vivo quantification of the metabolites in normal brain and brain tumors by proton MR spectroscopy using water as an internal standard. ( Harada, K; Houkin, K; Tong, Z; Yamaki, T, 2004)
" The concentration of taurine (Tau) in medulloblastomas was 29."	3.72	In vivo quantification of the metabolites in normal brain and brain tumors by proton MR spectroscopy using water as an internal standard. ( Harada, K; Houkin, K; Tong, Z; Yamaki, T, 2004)
"Data obtained preoperatively from three-dimensional (3D)/proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy were compared with the results of histopathological assays of tissue biopsies obtained during surgery to verify the sensitivity and specificity of a choline-containing compound-N-acetylaspartate index (CNI) used to distinguish tumor from nontumorous tissue within T2-hyperintense and contrast-enhancing lesions of patients with untreated gliomas."	3.71	Histopathological validation of a three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy index as a predictor of tumor presence. ( Berger, MS; Dillon, WP; Graves, EE; Lu, Y; McDermott, MW; McKnight, TR; Nelson, SJ; Pirzkall, A; Vigneron, DB; von dem Bussche, MH, 2002)
" MRS of normal brain parenchyma displays 4 main metabolites: N-acetyl aspartate (neuronal marker), creatine (cellular density marker), choline (membrane activity marker) and myoinositol (glial marker); pathological processes lead to variations of the level of these metabolites and/or the appearance of abnormal metabolites (lactate), following different patterns according to pathological process involved: glioma, meningioma, metastasis, bacterial or toxoplasmic abscess, radionecrosis."	3.71	[Contribution of magnetic resonance spectrometry to the diagnosis of intracranial tumors]. ( Confort-Gouny, S; Cozzone, PJ; Dufour, H; Galanaud, D; Le Fur, Y; Nicoli, F; Peragut, JC; Ranjeva, JP; Roche, P; Viout, P, 2002)
" Non-neoplastic lesions such as cerebral infarctions and brain abscesses are marked by decreases in choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), while tumours generally have elevated Cho and decreased levels of Cr and NAA."	3.71	Clinical application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of intracranial mass lesions. ( Herminghaus, S; Krings, T; Lanfermann, H; Marquardt, G; Möller-Hartmann, W; Pilatus, U; Zanella, FE, 2002)
"The authors sought to compare 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra from extracts of low-grade and high-grade gliomas, especially with respect to the signals of choline-containing compounds."	3.70	Characterization of choline compounds with in vitro 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the discrimination of primary brain tumors. ( Berry, I; Breil, S; Delisle, MB; Gilard, V; Malet-Martino, M; Manelfe, C; Ranjeva, JP; Sabatier, J; Terral, C; Tremoulet, M, 1999)
"The correlation between thallium-201 (201TI) uptake, semiquantitative choline-containing compound values measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and Ki-67 labeling indexes (LIs) was investigated in three gangliogliomas."	3.70	Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomographic and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic characteristics of intracranial ganglioglioma: three technical case reports. ( Kumabe, T; Shimizu, H; Shirane, R; Sonoda, Y, 1999)
"Seven patients responded to tamoxifen therapy (three with glioblastomas multiforme; four with anaplastic astrocytomas), and nine did not (six with glioblastomas multiforme; three with anaplastic astrocytomas)."	3.70	Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to predict in vivo the response of recurrent malignant gliomas to tamoxifen chemotherapy. ( Arnold, DL; Caramanos, Z; Langleben, A; LeBlanc, R; Preul, MC; Shenouda, G; Villemure, JG, 2000)
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the semiquantitative choline-containing compound level (Cho value) measured by MR spectroscopy and the Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas."	3.70	Correlation between choline level measured by proton MR spectroscopy and Ki-67 labeling index in gliomas. ( Kumabe, T; Shimizu, H; Shirane, R; Yoshimoto, T, 2000)
" We compared the LR sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve area (Az) with the sensitivity and specificity of blinded and unblinded qualitative MRS interpretations and a choline (Cho)/N-acetylaspartate (NAA) amplitude ratio criterion."	3.70	Discrimination between neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions by use of proton MR spectroscopy: the limits of accuracy with a logistic regression model. ( Bowen, W; Butzen, J; Chetty, V; Donahue, K; Haughton, V; Kim, T; Krouwer, H; Li, SJ; Mark, L; Meyer, G; Mueller, W; Neppl, R; Prost, R; Rand, S, 2000)
" All high-grade gliomas (n = 37) showed high choline and low or absent N-acetyl-L-aspartate and creatine along with lipid and/or lactate, whereas low-grade gliomas (n = 23) were characterized by low N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine and high choline and presence of only lactate."	3.69	Characterization of intracranial mass lesions with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. ( Chhabra, DK; Gupta, RK; Jain, VK; Pandey, R; Poptani, H; Roy, R, 1995)
" The NAA (N-acetylaspartate)/Cho (choline) ratio of Grade 2 astrocytoma was higher than that of Grade 4."	3.69	Non-invasive characterization of brain tumor by in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Bandou, K; Harada, M; Kannuki, S; Miyoshi, H; Nishitani, H; Tanouchi, M, 1995)
"(a) Hamartomas showed higher N-acetyl aspartate/creatine, creatine/choline, and N-acetyl aspartate/choline ratios than gliomas."	3.69	Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: evaluation of hamartomas and clinical correlation. ( Castillo, M; Green, C; Greenwood, R; Kwock, L; Schiro, S; Smith, K; Wilson, D, 1995)
" We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect the presence of simple metabolites (such as lactic acid, creatine/phosphocreatine, N-acetyl aspartate, and the "choline" pool) in extracts of a human glioma grown subcutaneously in athymic ("nu/nu") mice."	3.69	Effects of therapy on the 1H NMR spectrum of a human glioma line. ( Cazzaniga, S; Charles, HC; Schold, SC; Sostman, HD, 1994)
" The spectra from meningiomas, neuroblastomas, and glioblastomas displayed, in addition to similarities-including the presence of signals from leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lactate, acetate, glutamate, choline-containing compounds and glycine-certain distinguishing metabolic features."	3.69	Characteristic metabolic profiles revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy for three types of human brain and nervous system tumours. ( Bhakoo, KK; Florian, CL; Noble, M; Preece, NE; Williams, SR, 1995)
"A rat glioma cell line (C6) was incubated with C-14 choline; the time course of uptake and metabolism was determined in vitro."	3.69	Brain tumors: detection with C-11 choline PET. ( Fujii, K; Haisa, T; Hara, T; Kondo, T; Kosaka, N; Mitsui, I; Nishijima, M; Shinoura, N; Yamamoto, H, 1997)
"Postradiation treatment necrosis is one of the most serious late sequelae and appears within 6 months."	3.01	Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Aseel, A; McCarthy, P; Mohammed, A, 2023)
"necrosis in patients with primary brain tumors or brain metastasis."	2.53	Differentiating Radiation-Induced Necrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumor Using MR Perfusion and Spectroscopy: A Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, YC; Chuang, MT; Liu, YS; Tsai, YS; Wang, CK, 2016)
"Malignant brain tumors are one of the most lethal cancers."	2.53	The Long and Winding Road: From the High-Affinity Choline Uptake Site to Clinical Trials for Malignant Brain Tumors. ( Castro, MG; Lowenstein, PR, 2016)
"11C-choline has been reported as a suitable tracer for neuroimaging application."	2.52	Clinical applications of choline PET/CT in brain tumors. ( Ciarmiello, A; Gaeta, MC; Giovannini, E; Lazzeri, P; Milano, A, 2015)
"The choline/NAA ratio was 3."	2.40	Proton MR spectroscopic characteristics of pediatric pilocytic astrocytomas. ( Ball, WS; Ballard, E; Dunn, RS; Egnaczyk, GF; Holland, SK; Hwang, JH, 1998)
"Radiographic changes of brain metastases after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can signify tumor recurrence and/or radiation necrosis (RN); however, standard imaging modalities cannot easily distinguish between these two entities."	1.56	( Beal, K; Beattie, BJ; Blasberg, RG; Brennan, CW; Grkovski, M; Gutin, PH; Humm, JL; Huse, JT; Kohutek, ZA; Rosenblum, MK; Schöder, H; Tabar, VS; Young, RJ; Zanzonico, PB; Zhang, Z, 2020)
"Gliomas are characterized by intratumoral histological heterogeneity, coexisting foci of low and high grade."	1.56	Low-Grade Versus High-Grade Glioma… That Is the Question. 18F-Fluorocholine PET in the Detection of Anaplastic Focus. ( Borrás Moreno, JM; Cordero García, JM; García Vicente, AM; López Menéndez, C; Soriano Castrejón, A, 2020)
"F-Fluorocholine is a relatively new, extremely versatile radiotracer for detecting proliferative or mitogenic activity."	1.51	Incidental Detection of Plasma Cell Neoplasm on 18F-Choline PET/CT Imaging. ( Basher, RK; Bhattacharya, A; Mittal, BR; Paudel, J; Singla, N, 2019)
"F-FDG PET showed no uptake of the residual tumor, whereas F-choline depicted highly metabolic residual disease uptake with excellent delineation of local recurrence."	1.51	18F-Choline PET/CT Imaging for Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma Recurrence. ( Cassou-Mounat, T; Huchet, V; Jehanno, N; Luporsi, M; Mammar, H, 2019)
"Introduction: Brain tumors if timely diagnosed are sure to be treated through shorter processes."	1.48	The Role of Single Voxel MR Spectroscopy, T2 Relaxation Time and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Determining the Cellularity of Brain Tumors by MATLAB Software ( Abdolmohammadi, J; Amiri, J; Arefan, D; Faeghi, F; Haghighatkhah, H; Zali, A, 2018)
"High-grade glioma is a very aggressive and infiltrative tumor in which complete resection is a chance for a better outcome."	1.46	18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT, Brain MRI, and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Assessment of Tumor Resection in High-Grade Glioma. ( Borrás Moreno, JM; García Vicente, AM; Jiménez Aragón, F; Jiménez Londoño, GA; Villena Martín, M, 2017)
"Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors."	1.46	Assessment of alterations in X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage of glioma cells by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Li, F; Li, H; Shi, W; Xu, Y; Yi, C; Zeng, Q, 2017)
"Glioma is the most common type of the primary CNS tumor."	1.43	Noninvasive evaluation of radiation-enhanced glioma cells invasiveness by ultra-high-field (1)H-MRS in vitro. ( Cui, Y; Li, FY; Li, HX; Shi, WQ; Wang, JZ; Xu, YJ; Zeng, QS, 2016)
"Thirty-nine patients after the standard treatment of a glioblastoma underwent advanced imaging by MRS and ADC at the time of suspected recurrence - median time to progression was 6."	1.43	Advanced MRI increases the diagnostic accuracy of recurrent glioblastoma: Single institution thresholds and validation of MR spectroscopy and diffusion weighted MR imaging. ( Bulik, M; Jancalek, R; Kazda, T; Lakomy, R; Pospisil, P; Slampa, P; Smrcka, M, 2016)
"A brain MRI suggested possible brain metastases."	1.43	Differences in Uptake of 18F-FDG and 11C-Choline in a Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ( Lan, X; Li, J; Qin, C; Sun, X; Wu, Z, 2016)
"F-choline PET/MRI scans were performed in 12 patients with proven astrocytic tumors."	1.42	18F-fluoroethylcholine (18F-Cho) PET/MRI functional parameters in pediatric astrocytic brain tumors. ( Alongi, P; Bomanji, JB; Fraioli, F; Gaze, MN; Groves, AM; Hargrave, D; Hyare, H; Michopoulou, S; Shankar, A; Stoneham, S; Syed, R, 2015)
"Brain metastases are a rare complication of prostate cancer."	1.42	Brain metastases in patient with prostate cancer found in 18F-choline PET/CT. ( Buraczewska, A; Dziuk, M; Gizewska, A; Stembrowicz-Nowakowska, Z; Witkowska-Patena, E, 2015)
"The follow-up of treated low-grade glioma (LGG) requires the evaluation of subtle clinical changes and MRI results."	1.42	¹⁸F-Fluorocholine PET/CT as a complementary tool in the follow-up of low-grade glioma: diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. ( Chamorro Santos, CE; Gómez-Río, M; Lardelli-Claret, P; Llamas-Elvira, JM; Luque Caro, R; Olivares Granados, G; Rodríguez-Fernández, A; Santiago Chinchilla, A; Testart Dardel, N; Zurita Herrera, M, 2015)
"Cold choline was used for binding competition experiments."	1.42	Evidence of 18F-FCH Uptake in Human T98G Glioblastoma Cells. ( Aprile, C; Buroni, FE; Lodola, L; Nano, R; Pasi, F; Persico, MG, 2015)
"Glycine was detected in 24% of all studies, though with a wide range of signal amplitude and extent of the spatial distributions."	1.40	Mapping of glycine distributions in gliomas. ( Behari, S; Gupta, RK; Hussain, N; Maudsley, AA; Parra, NA; Roy, B; Sheriff, S; Stoyanova, R, 2014)
"They are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms and represent about 20% of all intracranial tumors."	1.38	SPECT and PET imaging of meningiomas. ( Angelidis, G; Georgoulias, P; Leondi, A; Psimadas, D; Valotassiou, V, 2012)
"Fifty-nine solitary brain metastases were evaluated with conventional and nonmorphological MR imaging: DWI, PWI and MR spectroscopy."	1.38	Magnetic resonance imaging of solitary brain metastases: main findings of nonmorphological sequences. ( Colosimo, C; De Waure, C; Di Lella, GM; Gaudino, S; Gualano, MR; Lo Russo, VS; Piludu, F; Quaglio, FR; Russo, R, 2012)
"Primary brain tumors (PBT), in particular gliomas, are among the most difficult neoplasms to treat, necessitating good quality imaging to guide clinicians at many junctures."	1.37	Promising role of [18F] fluorocholine PET/CT vs [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in primary brain tumors-early experience. ( Lam, WW; Ng, DC; Ong, SC; See, SJ; Wong, WY; Yu, SW, 2011)
"Monofocal acute inflammatory demyelination (MAID), which is observable by CT and MRI as a well-enhanced mass lesion with prominent perifocal edema, is very similar to malignant gliomas radiologically, making differential diagnosis of the two pathologies difficult."	1.37	Metabolic assessment of monofocal acute inflammatory demyelination using MR spectroscopy and (11)C-methionine-, (11)C-choline-, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET. ( Aki, T; Asano, Y; Ito, T; Iwama, T; Miwa, K; Shinoda, J; Takenaka, S; Yokoyama, K, 2011)
"The histological diagnosis was anaplastic oligodendroglioma (WHO grade III)."	1.37	[Usefulness of quantitative H-MR spectroscopy for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and recurrence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma]. ( Akutsu, H; Anno, I; Isobe, T; Masumoto, T; Matsumura, A; Nakai, K; Shiigai, M; Takano, S; Yamamoto, T, 2011)
"We report 12 cases of Gliomatosis cerebri (GC), a rare brain neoplasm, to define its semeiologic criteria."	1.36	Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. ( Cosnard, G; de Coene, B; Desclée, P; Godfraind, C; Hernalsteen, D; Rommel, D, 2010)
"Segmental neurofibromatosis 1 (segmental NF-1) is a rare genodermatosis caused by somatic mutations in the NF-1 gene."	1.36	A clinical and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of a brain tumor in a patient with segmental neurofibromatosis. ( Ben Yahia, S; Boughammoura-Bouatay, A; Chebel, S; Frih-Ayed, M; Golli, M; Khairallah, M; Salem, R, 2010)
"While malignant brain tumors typically show high choline concentrations and neovascularity, we have anecdotally noted that a substantial number of brain metastases from lung cancer demonstrate only mildly elevated choline resonances on proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)."	1.36	Association of choline levels and tumor perfusion in brain metastases assessed with proton MR spectroscopy and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted MRI. ( Castillo, M; Huang, BY; Kwock, L; Smith, JK, 2010)
"Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare benign intracranial neoplasms of early childhood with involvement of superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges."	1.35	Imaging of desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma: a spectroscopic viewpoint. ( Balaji, R; Ramachandran, K, 2009)
"Eleven patients with primary brain tumors undergoing cranial radiation therapy (RT) were included."	1.35	Metabolic alterations: a biomarker for radiation-induced normal brain injury-an MR spectroscopy study. ( Cao, Y; Chenevert, TL; Elias, A; Gomez Hassan, DM; Junck, L; Lawrence, TS; McKeever, P; Nagesh, V; Rogers, L; Sundgren, PC; Tsien, C, 2009)
"Gliosarcoma is an uncommon variant of glioblastoma multiforme, which is composed of gliomatous and sarcomatous elements."	1.35	Giant infantile gliosarcoma: magnetic resonance imaging findings. ( Bulakbasi, N; Chen, L; Kocaoglu, M; Onguru, O; Sanal, HT, 2008)
"Using discriminant analysis, this study found that MR spectroscopy in combination with ADC ratio, rather than ADC value, can improve the ability to differentiate recurrent glioma and radiation injury."	1.34	Distinction between recurrent glioma and radiation injury using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging. ( Feng, DC; Li, CF; Liu, H; Zeng, QS; Zhen, JH, 2007)
"Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare brain tumor with a short survival time; for this reason, it is difficult to establish the degree of aggressivity in vivo."	1.34	1H MR spectroscopy in the assessment of gliomatosis cerebri. ( Benito, C; Desco, M; García-Barreno, P; Guzmán-de-Villoria, JA; Muñoz, L; Reig, S; Sánchez-González, J, 2007)
"We present a gliomatosis cerebri case in which we made the radiological diagnosis using the MR spectroscopy findings; the diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent biopsy and histopathologic evaluation."	1.33	Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy in gliomatosis cerebri. ( Basak, M; Can, M; Erturk, M; Karatag, O; Tanik, C; Uysal, E; Yildirim, H, 2005)
"F98 gliomas were induced in 26 rats."	1.33	Uptake of 18F-fluorocholine, 18F-fluoro-ethyl-L: -tyrosine and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in F98 gliomas in the rat. ( Biollaz, G; Buck, A; Goepfert, K; Lutz, A; Pahnke, J; Spaeth, N; Treyer, V; Weber, B; Westera, G; Wyss, MT, 2006)
"Six patients with brain metastases, 13 healthy volunteers, and a phantom containing brain metabolites were examined using two clinical MR instruments operating at 1."	1.33	Clinical 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metastases at 1.5T and 3T. ( Gribbestad, IS; Kristoffersen, A; Lundgren, S; Singstad, T; Sjøbakk, TE; Sonnewald, U; Svarliaunet, AJ, 2006)
"To report a case of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, emphasizing the proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) findings."	1.33	Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with high choline/creatine ratio on proton MR spectroscopy. ( Bruck, I; de Carvalho Neto, A; Gasparetto, EL, 2006)
"One hundred and four metastatic brain tumors were evaluated by long-echo (TR, 2000 ms; TE, 136 ms) single-voxel volume-selected proton MRS."	1.33	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of metastatic brain tumors: variations of metabolic profile. ( Chernov, MF; Hayashi, M; Hori, T; Izawa, M; Ono, Y, 2006)
"Ten patients with untreated gliomas were examined on a 1."	1.32	Improved delineation of brain tumors: an automated method for segmentation based on pathologic changes of 1H-MRSI metabolites in gliomas. ( Buslei, R; Fahlbusch, R; Ganslandt, O; Gruber, S; Moser, E; Nimsky, C; Stadlbauer, A, 2004)
"The diagnosis and therapy of childhood brain tumors, most of which are low grade, can be complicated because of their frequent adjacent location to crucial structures, which limits diagnostic biopsy."	1.32	Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging biomarkers to predict the clinical grade of pediatric brain tumors. ( Anthony, DC; Astrakas, LG; Black, PM; De Girolami, U; Tarbell, NJ; Tzika, AA; Zarifi, MK; Zurakowski, D, 2004)
"Choline peak area was increased in tumor, creatine and N-acetyl aspartate were decreased in edema and tumor compared with unaffected brain tissue."	1.31	1H chemical shift imaging characterization of human brain tumor and edema. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE, 2002)
"The diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri with MR imaging is known to be difficult."	1.31	MR spectroscopy in gliomatosis cerebri. ( Bendszus, M; Burger, R; Klein, R; Schichor, C; Solymosi, L; Tonn, JC; Warmuth-Metz, M, 2000)
"Most of the brain tumors were characterized by strongly reduced total N-acetylaspartyl compounds and marked increases of myo-inositol and choline-containing compounds, consistent with a lack of neuroaxonal tissue and a proliferation of glial cells."	1.31	Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of focal brain lesions. ( Dechent, P; Frahm, J; Hanefeld, F; Herms, J; Markakis, E; Maxton, C; Wilken, B, 2000)
"We examined 120 patients with brain tumors using a 1."	1.31	In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors. ( Fountas, KN; Gotsis, SD; Johnston, KW; Kapsalaki, EZ; Kapsalakis, JZ; Papadakis, N; Robinson, JS; Smisson , HF, 2000)
"The diagnosis of brain tumors after high-dose radiation therapy is frequently limited by the lack of metabolic discrimination available with conventional imaging methods."	1.31	Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery. ( Chang, S; Dillon, WP; Graves, EE; Larson, D; McDermott, M; Nelson, SJ; Prados, MD; Verhey, L; Vigneron, DB, 2001)
"High-grade brain tumors are known to have a high rate of glucose (Glc) consumption."	1.31	High glycolytic activity in rat glioma demonstrated in vivo by correlation peak 1H magnetic resonance imaging. ( Décorps, M; Rémy, C; von Kienlin , M; Ziegler, A, 2001)
"First, it allows to distinguish brain tumors from abscesses."	1.31	[Brain tumors: interest of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the diagnosis and the prognosis]. ( Berry, I; Ibarrola, D; Malet-Martino, M; Sabatier, J, 2001)
"PET revealed FCH uptake in biopsy-proven recurrent brain tumor with little confounding uptake by normal brain tissues."	1.31	Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-labeled choline analogs as oncologic PET tracers. ( Baldwin, SW; Coleman, RE; DeGrado, TR; Friedman, HS; Liao, RP; Orr, MD; Price, DT; Reiman, R; Wang, S, 2001)
"46/47)."	1.31	Comparison of (11)C-choline and (18)F-FDG PET in primary diagnosis and staging of patients with thoracic cancer. ( Elsinga, PH; Groen, HJ; Pieterman, RM; Pruim, J; Que, TH; Vaalburg, W; van Putten, JW; Willemsen, AT, 2002)
"In pretreated glioblastoma metabolic data of MRSI seem to be potentially helpful to differentiate tumorous and non tumorous enhancement phenomena after local immunotherapy, which might be useful for further treatment decisions."	1.31	Comparative follow-up of enhancement phenomena with MRI and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging after intralesional immunotherapy in glioblastoma--Report of two exceptional cases. ( Engelbrecht, V; Floeth, FW; Weber, F; Wittsack, HJ, 2002)
"Fifteen patients with brain tumors and 10 healthy children underwent MR imaging and MR spectroscopy on a 1."	1.30	Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy and hemodynamic MR imaging of childhood brain tumors: preliminary observations. ( Barnes, PD; Tzika, AA; Vajapeyam, S, 1997)
"Seventeen brain tumors were measured by 1H-CSI (chemical shift imaging) in a 1."	1.30	Evaluation of metabolic heterogeneity in brain tumors using 1H-chemical shift imaging method. ( Furuya, S; Ide, M; Kizu, O; Maeda, T; Morishita, H; Naruse, S; Ueda, S, 1997)
"Children who have brain tumors are at risk for a variety of treatment-related sequelae, including neuropsychological and cognitive impairment, neurologic deficits, and neuroendocrinologic disturbances."	1.30	Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MR spectroscopic ratios in brain tissue remote from the tumor site. ( Davis, PC; Morris, R; Padgett, CA; Shapiro, MB; Waldrop, SM, 1998)
"Pediatric brain gliomas are not always amenable for complete surgical excision, therefore adjuvant treatment for a large tumor mass is often required."	1.30	Variation of post-treatment H-MRSI choline intensity in pediatric gliomas. ( Alger, J; Gupta, RK; Lazareff, JA, 1999)
"Choline was elevated in the cellular portion of both tumors but decreased in the necrotic or cystic portions."	1.29	Localized in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in vitro analyses of heterogeneous brain tumors. ( Booth, RA; Buchthal, SD; Chang, L; Cornford, M; Ernst, TM; Jenden, D; McBride, D; Miller, BL, 1995)
"It was concluded that in brain metastases of mammary carcinoma Lact represents a product of ischemia preceding/during tissue decay resulting in central necrosis, rather than tumor specific metabolism resulting in increased glycolysis."	1.29	Correlation between choline level and Gd-DTPA enhancement in patients with brain metastases of mammary carcinoma. ( Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P, 1994)
"Total creatine was decreased in all brain tumors in comparison with normal brain tissues, but was relatively higher in neuroectodermal tumors than in other brain tumors."	1.29	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors: an in vitro study. ( Kajiwara, H; Kinoshita, Y; Koga, Y; Yokota, A, 1994)
"We encountered a case of brain abscess that was difficult to differentiate from glioblastoma."	1.29	Brain abscess observed by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Harada, M; Kannuki, S; Miyoshi, H; Nishitani, H; Tanouchi, M, 1994)
"Choline signals were increased in tumour margins of high grade gliomas and more diffusely in low grade gliomas."	1.29	Localized proton spectroscopy of inoperable brain gliomas. Response to radiation therapy. ( Go, KG; Heesters, MA; Kamman, RL; Mooyaart, EL, 1993)
"Higher grades of brain tumors in this study were associated with higher Cho/reference and lower NAA/reference values."	1.29	Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. ( Arai, N; Fujiwara, S; Hara, K; Kayama, T; Kumabe, T; Ono, Y; Sato, K; Shimizu, H; Tominaga, T; Yoshimoto, T, 1996)
"Thirteen cases of brain cancer treated by radiation therapy were examined by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and reexamined at 2-month intervals."	1.29	Hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy follow-up after radiation therapy of human brain cancer. Unexpected inverse correlation between the changes in tumor choline level and post-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging contrast. ( Levendag, PC; Oudkerk, M; Sijens, PE; van Dijk, P; Vecht, CJ, 1995)
"Seventy patients with intracranial neoplasms were studied before receiving surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy."	1.29	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and intracranial tumours: clinical perspectives. ( Calabrese, G; Falini, A; Lipari, S; Losa, M; Origgi, D; Scotti, G; Triulzi, F, 1996)
"Choline values were lower in chronic radiation necrosis than in solid anaplastic tumors (P < ."	1.28	Mapping of brain tumor metabolites with proton MR spectroscopic imaging: clinical relevance. ( Alger, JR; Bizzi, A; Di Chiro, G; Dietz, MJ; Dwyer, AJ; Frank, JA; Fulham, MJ; Raman, R; Shih, HH; Sobering, GS, 1992)
"Patients with Huntington's chorea had a lower concentration of choline in lumbar spinal fluid as compared with a control group."	1.25	Cerebrospinal fluid choline in extrapyramidal disorders. ( Aquilonius, SM; Nyström, B; Schuberth, J; Sundwall, A, 1972)

Research

Studies (427)

Authors

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Overall Survival After Treatment

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	11 (2.58)	18.7374
1990's	76 (17.80)	18.2507
2000's	167 (39.11)	29.6817
2010's	146 (34.19)	24.3611
2020's	27 (6.32)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Mišir Krpan, A	1
Hodolič, M	1
Golubić, AT	1
Baučić, M	1
Nemir, J	1
Mrak, G	1
Žuvić, M	1
Huić, D	1
Rudnay, M	1
Waczulikova, I	1
Bullova, A	1
Rjaskova, G	1
Chorvath, M	1
Jezberova, M	1
Lehotska, V	1
Feng, A	1
Yuan, P	2
Huang, T	1
Li, L	3
Lyu, J	1
Farche, MK	1
Fachinetti, NO	1
da Silva, LR	1
Matos, LA	1
Appenzeller, S	1
Cendes, F	1
Reis, F	1
Wang, MH	1
Roa, W	1
Wachowicz, K	1
Yahya, A	1
Murtha, A	1
Amanie, J	1
Chainey, J	1
Quon, H	1
Ghosh, S	1
Patel, S	1
Bhaduri, S	1
Kelly, CL	1
Lesbats, C	1
Sharkey, J	1
Ressel, L	1
Mukherjee, S	1
Platt, MD	1
Delikatny, EJ	1
Poptani, H	3
Ferrazzoli, V	3
Shankar, A	6
Cockle, JV	3
Tang, C	4
Al-Khayfawee, A	3
Bomanji, J	5
Fraioli, F	5
Hyare, H	4
Tran, D	3
Nguyen, DH	3
Nguyen, HK	3
Nguyen-Thanh, VA	3
Dong-Van, H	3
Nguyen, MD	3
De Stefano, FA	1
Morell, AA	1
Smith, G	1
Warner, T	1
Soldozy, S	1
Elarjani, T	1
Eichberg, DG	1
Luther, E	1
Komotar, RJ	1
Aseel, A	1
McCarthy, P	1
Mohammed, A	1
Sidibe, I	1
Tensaouti, F	2
Gilhodes, J	2
Cabarrou, B	1
Filleron, T	2
Desmoulin, F	2
Ken, S	3
Noël, G	2
Truc, G	2
Sunyach, MP	2
Charissoux, M	2
Magné, N	2
Lotterie, JA	2
Roques, M	2
Péran, P	2
Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, E	3
Laprie, A	4
Lubrano, V	2
Zeinali-Rafsanjani, B	1
Mosleh-Shirazi, MA	1
Faghihi, R	1
Saeedi-Moghadam, M	1
Lotfi, M	1
Jalli, R	1
Grkovski, M	1
Kohutek, ZA	1
Schöder, H	1
Brennan, CW	1
Tabar, VS	1
Gutin, PH	3
Zhang, Z	3
Young, RJ	1
Beattie, BJ	1
Zanzonico, PB	1
Huse, JT	1
Rosenblum, MK	1
Blasberg, RG	1
Humm, JL	1
Beal, K	1
Goryawala, M	1
Saraf-Lavi, E	2
Nagornaya, N	1
Heros, D	1
Komotar, R	1
Maudsley, AA	5
Lovinfosse, P	1
Ben Mustapha, S	1
Withofs, N	1
Boban, J	1
Thurnher, MM	1
Brkic, S	1
Lendak, D	1
Bugarski Ignjatovic, V	1
Todorovic, A	1
Kozic, D	2
Fuentes-Baile, M	1
Bello-Gil, D	1
Pérez-Valenciano, E	1
Sanz, JM	1
García-Morales, P	1
Maestro, B	1
Ventero, MP	1
Alenda, C	1
Barberá, VM	1
Saceda, M	1
Fujita, Y	1
Kohta, M	1
Sasayama, T	1
Tanaka, K	3
Hashiguchi, M	1
Nagashima, H	1
Kyotani, K	1
Nakai, T	1
Ito, T	2
Kohmura, E	1
Wang, AP	1
Suryavanshi, T	1
Marcucci, M	1
Fong, C	1
Whitton, AC	1
Reddy, KKV	1
García Vicente, AM	5
Cordero García, JM	1
López Menéndez, C	1
Borrás Moreno, JM	2
Soriano Castrejón, A	2
Pena Pardo, FJ	3
Lozano Setien, E	1
Sandoval Valencia, H	1
Villena Martín, M	2
Nese, M	1
Riboli, G	1
Brighetti, G	1
Sassi, V	1
Camela, E	1
Caselli, G	1
Sassaroli, S	1
Borlimi, R	1
Aucoin, M	1
Cooley, K	1
Saunders, PR	1
Carè, J	1
Anheyer, D	1
Medina, DN	1
Cardozo, V	1
Remy, D	1
Hannan, N	1
Garber, A	1
Velayos, M	1
Muñoz-Serrano, AJ	1
Estefanía-Fernández, K	1
Sarmiento Caldas, MC	1
Moratilla Lapeña, L	1
López-Santamaría, M	1
López-Gutiérrez, JC	1
Li, J	4
Zhang, J	6
Shen, S	1
Zhang, B	2
Yu, WW	1
Toyoda, H	1
Huang, DQ	1
Le, MH	1
Nguyen, MH	1
Huang, R	1
Zhu, L	1
Wang, J	7
Xue, L	1
Liu, L	2
Yan, X	2
Huang, S	2
Li, Y	9
Xu, T	1
Li, C	4
Ji, F	1
Ming, F	1
Zhao, Y	2
Cheng, J	1
Wang, Y	6
Zhao, H	1
Hong, S	1
Chen, K	2
Zhao, XA	1
Zou, L	1
Sang, D	1
Shao, H	1
Guan, X	1
Chen, X	3
Chen, Y	4
Wei, J	1
Zhu, C	1
Wu, C	2
Moore, HB	1
Barrett, CD	1
Moore, EE	1
Jhunjhunwala, R	1
McIntyre, RC	1
Moore, PK	1
Hajizadeh, N	1
Talmor, DS	1
Sauaia, A	1
Yaffe, MB	1
Liu, C	4
Lin, Y	1
Dong, Y	1
Wu, Y	1
Bao, Y	1
Yan, H	2
Ma, J	1
Fernández-Cuadros, ME	1
Albaladejo-Florín, MJ	1
Álava-Rabasa, S	1
Usandizaga-Elio, I	1
Martinez-Quintanilla Jimenez, D	1
Peña-Lora, D	1
Neira-Borrajo, I	1
López-Muñoz, MJ	1
Rodríguez-de-Cía, J	1
Pérez-Moro, OS	1
Abdallah, M	1
Alsaleh, H	1
Baradwan, A	1
Alfawares, R	1
Alobaid, A	1
Rasheed, A	1
Soliman, I	1
Wendel Garcia, PD	1
Fumeaux, T	1
Guerci, P	1
Heuberger, DM	1
Montomoli, J	2
Roche-Campo, F	1
Schuepbach, RA	1
Hilty, MP	1
Poloni, TE	1
Carlos, AF	1
Cairati, M	1
Cutaia, C	1
Medici, V	1
Marelli, E	1
Ferrari, D	1
Galli, A	1
Bognetti, P	1
Davin, A	1
Cirrincione, A	1
Ceretti, A	1
Cereda, C	1
Ceroni, M	1
Tronconi, L	1
Vitali, S	1
Guaita, A	1
Leeds, JS	1
Raviprakash, V	1
Jacques, T	1
Scanlon, N	1
Cundall, J	1
Leeds, CM	1
Riva, A	1
Gray, EH	1
Azarian, S	1
Zamalloa, A	1
McPhail, MJW	1
Vincent, RP	1
Williams, R	1
Chokshi, S	1
Patel, VC	1
Edwards, LA	1
Alqarawi, W	1
Birnie, DH	1
Golian, M	1
Nair, GM	1
Nery, PB	1
Klein, A	1
Davis, DR	1
Sadek, MM	1
Neilipovitz, D	1
Johnson, CB	1
Green, MS	1
Redpath, C	1
Miller, DC	1
Beamer, P	1
Billheimer, D	1
Subbian, V	1
Sorooshian, A	1
Campbell, BS	1
Mosier, JM	1
Novaretti, JV	1
Astur, DC	1
Cavalcante, ELB	1
Kaleka, CC	1
Amaro, JT	1
Cohen, M	2
Huang, W	3
Li, T	2
Ling, Y	1
Qian, ZP	1
Zhang, YY	1
Huang, D	1
Xu, SB	1
Liu, XH	1
Xia, L	1
Yang, Y	3
Lu, SH	1
Lu, HZ	1
Zhang, R	2
Ma, JX	1
Tang, S	1
Li, CM	1
Wan, J	1
Wang, JF	1
Ma, JQ	1
Luo, JJ	1
Chen, HY	2
Mi, SL	1
Chen, SY	1
Su, YG	1
Ge, JB	1
Milheiro, SA	1
Gonçalves, J	1
Lopes, RMRM	1
Madureira, M	1
Lobo, L	1
Lopes, A	1
Nogueira, F	1
Fontinha, D	1
Prudêncio, M	1
M Piedade, MF	1
Pinto, SN	1
Florindo, PR	1
Moreira, R	1
Castillo-Lora, J	1
Delley, MF	1
Laga, SM	1
Mayer, JM	1
Sutjarit, N	1
Thongon, N	1
Weerachayaphorn, J	1
Piyachaturawat, P	1
Suksamrarn, A	1
Suksen, K	1
Papachristou, DJ	1
Blair, HC	1
Hu, Y	1
Shen, P	1
Zeng, N	1
Wang, L	3
Yan, D	1
Cui, L	1
Yang, K	2
Zhai, C	1
Yang, M	1
Lao, X	1
Sun, J	2
Ma, N	1
Wang, S	5
Ye, W	1
Guo, P	1
Rahimi, S	1
Singh, MP	1
Gupta, J	1
Nakanishi, I	1
Ohkubo, K	1
Shoji, Y	1
Fujitaka, Y	1
Shimoda, K	1
Matsumoto, KI	1
Fukuhara, K	1
Hamada, H	1
van der Boom, T	1
Gruppen, EG	1
Lefrandt, JD	1
Connelly, MA	1
Links, TP	1
Dullaart, RPF	1
Berry, JD	1
Bedlack, R	1
Mathews, D	1
Agnese, W	1
Apple, S	1
Meloncelli, S	1
Divizia, M	1
Germani, G	1
Adefegha, SA	1
Bottari, NB	1
Leal, DB	1
de Andrade, CM	1
Schetinger, MR	1
Martínez-Velasco, A	1
Perez-Ortiz, AC	1
Antonio-Aguirre, B	1
Martínez-Villaseñor, L	1
Lira-Romero, E	1
Palacio-Pastrana, C	1
Zenteno, JC	1
Ramirez, I	1
Zepeda-Palacio, C	1
Mendoza-Velásquez, C	1
Camacho-Ordóñez, A	1
Ortiz Bibriesca, DM	1
Estrada-Mena, FJ	1
Martin, BL	1
Thompson, LC	1
Kim, YH	2
Snow, SJ	1
Schladweiler, MC	1
Phillips, P	1
Harmon, M	1
King, C	1
Richards, J	1
George, I	1
Haykal-Coates, N	1
Gilmour, MI	1
Kodavanti, UP	1
Hazari, MS	1
Farraj, AK	1
Shen, Z	1
Zou, Y	1
Gao, K	1
Lazar, S	1
Wurtzel, JGT	1
Ma, P	1
Goldfinger, LE	1
Vukelic, M	1
Laloo, A	1
Kyttaris, VC	1
Chen, R	1
Chen, J	3
Xun, J	1
Hu, Z	1
Huang, Q	2
Steinhart, C	1
Shen, Y	2
Lu, H	1
Mansuri, A	1
Lokhande, K	1
Kore, S	1
Gaikwad, S	1
Nawani, N	1
Swamy, KV	1
Junnarkar, M	1
Pawar, S	1
Shaheen, MY	1
Basudan, AM	1
Niazy, AA	1
van den Beucken, JJJP	1
Jansen, JA	1
Alghamdi, HS	1
Gao, Q	2
Guo, X	1
Cao, Y	2
Jia, X	1
Xu, S	1
Lu, C	2
Zhu, H	2
Melku, M	1
Abebe, G	1
Teketel, A	1
Asrie, F	1
Yalew, A	1
Biadgo, B	1
Kassa, E	1
Damtie, D	1
Anlay, DZ	1
Ahmed, MFE	1
Ramadan, H	1
Seinige, D	1
Kehrenberg, C	1
Abd El-Wahab, A	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Prospective Study About the Validity of MRS-guided Resection on Prognosis High-grade Gliomas[NCT02795364]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Trial of Dichloroacetate (DCA) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)[NCT05120284]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
Multi-paramEtric Imaging to Assess Treatment REsponse After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases[NCT04626206]		12 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Combination of 11C-MET PET and MRS in the Diagnosis of Glioma.[NCT03009318]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Treatment Development of Triheptanoin for Glucose Transporter Type I Deficiency[NCT02021526]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to NIH funding resulted in new clinical trial)
Metabolic Characterization of Space Occupying Lesions of the Brain Using in Vivo MR- (Spectroscopic) Imaging at 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla[NCT04233788]		55 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-09-01	Recruiting
Phase II Trial of Conventional Radiotherapy With Stereotactic Radiosurgery to High Risk Tumor Regions as Determined by Functional Imaging in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme[NCT00253448]	Phase 2	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-12-31	Completed
Role of Glutamate-mediate Excitotoxicity in Invasion and Progression Processes of Glioblastoma Multiforme[NCT05775458]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-06-01	Recruiting
In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases Obtained at 1,5T and 3T.[NCT00184353]		19 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-11-30	Completed
Cancer Localization in the Prostate With F-18 Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography[NCT01310192]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
Ependymomics: Multiomic Approach to Radioresistance of Ependymomas in Children and Adolescents[NCT05151718]		370 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-09-30	Recruiting
Study of Clinical Biomarkers in Human Health and Disease (Healthiomics)[NCT05106725]		3,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-10-11	Recruiting
Evaluation of 11 C-Choline PET-CT for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma[NCT01377220]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Clinical Value of [18]Fluoroethylcholine Positron-Emission-Tomography Combined With Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Software Fusion for Pre-therapeutic Staging of Prostate Cancer[NCT00520546]	Phase 3	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors[NCT00001574]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	1997-03-14	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Followed every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and annually thereafter for at least 5 years (NCT00253448)
Timeframe: Minimum of 5 years.

Lesion Based Analysis of FEC-PET, Endorectal MRI and Combined FEC-PET/eMRI in All Patients

Intervention	months (Median)
	Entire Cohort	RTOG Glioma Recursive Partitioning Class 3 n=4	RTOG Glioma Recursive Partitioning Class 4 n=13	RTOG Glioma Recursive Partitioning Class 5 n=16	RTOG Glioma Recursive Partitioning Class 6 n=2	Patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy	Patients who were not candidates for chemotherapy
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Plus Conventional Radiotherapy	15.8	22	18.7	12.5	3.9	20.8	11

PET positive lesions (n=128) were measured on its own and evaluated as malignant just as hypointense lesions on MRI. In PET/MRI analysis, MRI suspect lesions without FEC uptake were considered not to be malignant. PET positive lesions in central periurethral zone with inhomogenous signal intensity and sharp edges on MRI images were also considered to be benign. PET positive lesions in the peripheral zone without a hypointense correlate on MRI were considered to be malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive values were determined. (NCT00520546)
Timeframe: within < 2 weeks after PET/MRI

Lesion Based Analysis of FEC-PET, Endorectal MRI and Combined FEC-PET/eMRI in Patients With Gleason Score >6 (3+3)

Intervention	lesions (Number)
	True positive	False positive	True negative	False negative	Total true	Total false
FEC-PET	59	26	19	24	78	50
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	40	27	18	43	58	70
PET/MRI	55	8	37	28	92	36

PET positive lesions in patients with Gleason >6(3+3),n=43 were measured on its own and evaluated as malignant just as hypointense lesions on MRI. In PET/MRI analysis, MRI suspect lesions without FEC uptake were considered not to be malignant. PET positive lesions in central periurethral zone with inhomogenous signal intensity and sharp edges on MRI images were also considered to be benign. PET positive lesions in the peripheral zone without a hypointense correlate on MRI were considered to be malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative & positive predictive values were determined. (NCT00520546)
Timeframe: within < 2 weeks after PET/MRI

Lesion Based Analysis of FEC-PET, Endorectal MRI and Combined FEC-PET/eMRI in Patients With Malignant Lesions >5mm (n=98)

Intervention	lesions (Number)
	True positive	False positive	True negative	False negative	Total true	Total false
FEC-PET	27	5	8	3	35	8
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	22	9	4	8	26	17
PET/MRI	27	1	11	4	38	5

PET positive lesions were measured on its own and evaluated as malignant just as hypointense lesions on MRI. In PET/MRI analysis, MRI suspect lesions without FEC uptake were considered not to be malignant. PET positive lesions in central periurethral zone with inhomogenous signal intensity and sharp edges on MRI images were also considered to be benign. PET positive lesions in the peripheral zone without a hypointense correlate on MRI were considered to be malignant. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive values were determined without malign lesions <=5mm. (NCT00520546)
Timeframe: within < 2 weeks after PET/MRI

Number of Participants With Positive or Negative Results in PET, MRI or PET/MRI for Prostate Cancer Compared to Histological Findings

Intervention	lesions (Number)
	True positive	False positive	True negative	False negative	Total true	Total false
FEC-PET	48	24	18	8	66	32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	37	26	16	19	53	45
PET/MRI	48	8	32	10	80	18

PET positive lesions were measured on its own and evaluated as malignant just as hypointense lesions on MRI. In PET/MRI analysis, MRI suspect lesions without FEC uptake were considered not to be malignant. PET positive lesions in central periurethral zone with inhomogenous signal intensity and sharp edges on MRI images were also considered to be benign. PET positive lesions in the peripheral zone without a hypointense correlate on MRI were considered to be malignant. At least 1 histological confirmed cancer lesion has to be detected by each of the 3 methods to be patient based true positive. (NCT00520546)
Timeframe: within < 2 weeks after PET/MRI

Article	Year
Unique magnetic resonance spectroscopy profile of intracranial meningiomas compared to gliomas: a systematic review. Acta neurologica Belgica, 2023, Volume: 123, Issue:6 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glioma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectr	2023
Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate recurrent neoplasm from radiation necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cr	2023
Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health, 2022, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain;	2022
Clinical applications of choline PET/CT in brain tumors. Current pharmaceutical design, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glioma; Half-Life; Humans; P	2015
The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating high-from low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:8 Topics: Area Under Curve; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Databases, Factual; Glioma; Hum	2016
Differentiating Radiation-Induced Necrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumor Using MR Perfusion and Spectroscopy: A Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Blood Volume; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Hum	2016
Molecular imaging of brain tumors with radiolabeled choline PET. Neurosurgical review, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance I	2018
The Long and Winding Road: From the High-Affinity Choline Uptake Site to Clinical Trials for Malignant Brain Tumors. Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), 2016, Volume: 76 Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Dendritic Cells; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors;	2016
Vanishing pineal mass in a young patient without therapy: Case report and review of the literature. The neuroradiology journal, 2016, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Electroencephalography; Female; Glutamic Acid;	2016
Clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the central nervous system. Handbook of clinical neurology, 2016, Volume: 135 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Central Nervous System; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic	2016
Advanced imaging techniques in brain tumors. Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society, 2009, Oct-02, Volume: 9 Spec No A Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Biopsy; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Capillary Permeability; Choline;	2009
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in the study of human brain cancer. The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of..., 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatinine; Glioblastoma; Humans; In	2009
PET with (18)F-labelled choline-based tracers for tumour imaging: a review of the literature. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2010, Volume: 37, Issue:11 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Pr	2010
[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for cerebral imaging]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Disea	2010
The role of MR spectroscopy in neurooncology. Prilozi, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Inosi	2012
[Corpus callosum tumor as the presenting symptom of neurofibromatosis type 1 in a patient and literature review]. Revista de neurologia, 2012, Nov-01, Volume: 55, Issue:9 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem Neoplasms; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Child, Preschool; Choline; Corpus Callo	2012
Potential of MR spectroscopy for assessment of glioma grading. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2013, Volume: 115, Issue:2 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Humans; Inositol; Lactates; Lipid Metabol	2013
Glioblastoma with the appearance of arteriovenous malformation: pitfalls in diagnosis. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2013, Volume: 115, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Choline; Diagnosis,	2013
3 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy: cerebral gliomas vs. metastatic brain tumors. Our experience and review of the literature. The International journal of neuroscience, 2013, Volume: 123, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differ	2013
Imaging gliomas with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Seminars in nuclear medicine, 2003, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glioma; Methionine; Methyltyrosines; Predic	2003
MR spectroscopy of brain tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America, 2003, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Humans; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectro	2003
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic evaluation of brain tumor metabolism. Seminars in oncology, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans	2004
[MRS for diagnosis of brain tumors]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 9 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lactic Acid;	2005
[PET and malignant cerebral tumors]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2006, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Pt 2 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Dideoxynucleosides; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glioma	2006
Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain at 3 T: an update. European radiology, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:7 Topics: Artifacts; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine	2007
Cancer imaging with fluorine-18-labeled choline derivatives. Seminars in nuclear medicine, 2007, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choline; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Fluorine Radioiso	2007
Nutrition and the neurosurgical patient. Journal of neurosurgery, 1984, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Catecholamines; Choline; Endocrine Glands; En	1984
Brain stem involvement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the distinction from diffuse pontine glioma. Neurosurgery, 1997, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Brain Stem; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine;	1997
[Mapping of cerebral metabolism on cerebral disorders using multi-slice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55, Issue:7 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Infarction; Choline; Creatinine; Humans; Lactates; M	1997
Proton MR spectroscopic characteristics of pediatric pilocytic astrocytomas. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Humans; Infant; Lacti	1998
Image-guided 1H NMR spectroscopical and histological characterization of a human brain tumor model in the nude rat; a new approach to monitor changes in tumor metabolism. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1992, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lactates;	1992

Article	Year
Pseudoprogression in GBM versus true progression in patients with glioblastoma: A multiapproach analysis. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 2023, Volume: 181 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Disease Progression; Glioblastoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neo	2023
Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health, 2022, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain;	2022
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an early indicator of response to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677. Neuro-oncology, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:7 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aspartic Acid; Be	2013
Evaluation of the lactate-to-N-acetyl-aspartate ratio defined with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging before radiation therapy as a new predictive marker of the site of relapse in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2014, Oct-01, Volume: 90, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Crea	2014
Evaluation of human glioma using in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with expression of cyclooxygenase-2: a preliminary clinical trial. Neuroreport, 2017, May-03, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Cyclooxygenase 2; Female;	2017
Prospective serial proton MR spectroscopic assessment of response to tamoxifen for recurrent malignant glioma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2008, Volume: 90, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Dis	2008
Stereotactic biopsy in gliomas guided by 3-tesla 1H-chemical-shift imaging of choline. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 2008, Volume: 86, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Astrocytoma; Biopsy; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonanc	2008
Comparison of C-11 methionine and C-11 choline for PET imaging of brain metastases: a prospective pilot study. Clinical nuclear medicine, 2011, Volume: 36, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Humans; Methionine; Middle Aged; Pilot Projec	2011
11C-CHO PET in optimization of target volume delineation and treatment regimens in postoperative radiotherapy for brain gliomas. Nuclear medicine and biology, 2012, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Child; Choline; Female; Follow-Up St	2012
Phase II trial of radiosurgery to magnetic resonance spectroscopy-defined high-risk tumor volumes in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2012, Nov-01, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Combined Modality Therapy;	2012
Metabolic response of glioblastoma to superselective intra-arterial cerebral infusion of bevacizumab: a proton MR spectroscopic imaging study. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Aspartic Acid; Bevacizumab; Brain;	2012
The optimal timing for imaging brain tumours and other brain lesions with 18F-labelled fluoromethylcholine: a dynamic positron emission tomography study. Nuclear medicine communications, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Female; Glioma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading;	2012
Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging. NMR in biomedicine, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Dipeptides; Female; Glutamic Acid	2003
Monitoring temozolomide treatment of low-grade glioma with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. British journal of cancer, 2004, Feb-23, Volume: 90, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Dacarbazin	2004
Comparison of 11C-choline PET and FDG PET for the differential diagnosis of malignant tumors. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; C	2004
Distinction between high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases using peritumoral 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion imagings. Neuroradiology, 2004, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Blood Volume; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choli	2004
Contrast/Noise ratio on conventional MRI and choline/creatine ratio on proton MRI spectroscopy accurately discriminate low-grade from high-grade cerebral gliomas. Academic radiology, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Fe	2006
Correlation of magnetic resonance spectroscopic and growth characteristics within Grades II and III gliomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 2007, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Pro	2007
[Multivoxel spectroscopy with short echo time: choline/N-acetyl-aspartate ratio and the grading of cerebral astrocytomas]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2007, Volume: 65, Issue:2A Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Chol	2007
Multivoxel 3D proton MR spectroscopy in the distinction of recurrent glioma from radiation injury. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2007, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Diagnosis, Differential; Fema	2007
Evaluation of invasiveness of astrocytoma using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: correlation with expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Neuroradiology, 2007, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hum	2007
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: predictive value for the site of postradiotherapy relapse in a prospective longitudinal study. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2008, Mar-01, Volume: 70, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Ima	2008
Choline-containing compounds in human astrocytomas studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in vivo and in vitro. Journal of neurochemistry, 1994, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Humans; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pho	1994
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1996, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Pr	1996
[Quantification of brain metabolites by 1H spectroscopy using cyclohexane as an external reference]. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica, 1996, Volume: 56, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Choline; Creatine; Cyclohexanes; Female; Humans;	1996

choline and Brain Neoplasms