Page last updated: 2024-10-16

choline and Atherogenesis

choline has been researched along with Atherogenesis in 83 studies

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Among the well-known con¬tributors to atherosclerosis are less common ones, such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)."8.31TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE - FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR DIETARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS. ( Lazar, M; Olma, A; Streb, W, 2023)
"Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases."8.31Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults. ( Abe, T; Bhuiya, J; Isomura, M; Kobayashi, H; Nabika, T; Nagai, A; Notsu, Y; Okazaki, R; Sheikh, AM; Shibly, AZ; Yamaguchi, K; Yamasaki, M; Yano, S, 2023)
"Microbial trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase activity promotes the development of atherosclerosis by generating of TMA, the precursor of TMA N-oxide (TMAO)."8.12Integrated metagenomics identifies a crucial role for trimethylamine-producing Lachnoclostridium in promoting atherosclerosis. ( Alolga, RN; Cai, YY; Gao, X; Huang, FQ; Lao, X; Li, J; Liu, B; Lu, Y; Qi, LW; Shang, J; Wang, Y; Yin, K; Zhou, X, 2022)
"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite after ingesting dietary choline, has been identified as a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis through inducing vascular inflammation."8.12Gut-Flora-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Atherosclerosis-Associated Inflammation Responses by Indirect ROS Stimulation and Signaling Involving AMPK and SIRT1. ( Hong, Y; Ji, N; Luo, X; Ma, W; Nie, Z; Shan, J; Xue, J; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y; Zhou, S; Zhu, W, 2022)
"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a derivative from the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), has been identified to be an independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis."8.02Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. ( Du, Y; Hong, B; Jiang, J; Jiang, Z; Li, X; Su, C; Wang, L; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"The aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between dietary choline and atherosclerosis in 2 atherogenic mouse models, the LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) and Apoe-/- mice."7.96Dietary Choline or Trimethylamine N-oxide Supplementation Does Not Influence Atherosclerosis Development in Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- Male Mice. ( Aldana-Hernández, P; Curtis, JM; Field, CJ; Jacobs, RL; Leonard, KA; Zhao, YY, 2020)
"The objective of this study was to determine whether ectopic hepatic PEMT expression or choline supplementation would promote atherosclerosis in Pemt-/-/Ldlr-/- mice."7.88Hepatic Expression of PEMT, but Not Dietary Choline Supplementation, Reverses the Protection against Atherosclerosis in Pemt-/-/Ldlr-/- Mice. ( Al Rajabi, A; Curtis, JM; Field, CJ; Jacobs, RL; Ju, T; Leonard, KA; Mi, S; Nelson, R; Thiesen, A; van der Veen, JN; Willing, BP; Zia, Y, 2018)
"Trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite, both enhances atherosclerosis in animal models and is associated with cardiovascular risks in clinical studies."7.81Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ( Buffa, JA; Culley, MK; DiDonato, AJ; DiDonato, JA; Fu, X; Gu, X; Hazen, JE; Hazen, SL; Huang, Y; Krajcik, D; Levison, BS; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Roberts, AB; Wang, Z; Zamanian-Daryoush, M; Zhu, W, 2015)
" We demonstrate here that metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine, a trimethylamine abundant in red meat, also produces TMAO and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice."7.79Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. ( Britt, EB; Brown, JM; Buffa, JA; Bushman, FD; Chen, J; DiDonato, JA; Fu, X; Hazen, SL; Koeth, RA; Krauss, RM; Levison, BS; Lewis, JD; Li, H; Li, L; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Sheehy, BT; Smith, JD; Tang, WH; Wang, Z; Warrier, M; Wu, GD; Wu, Y, 2013)
"Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are strongly associated with atherosclerosis."7.79Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. ( Allayee, H; Bennett, BJ; Crooke, R; de Aguiar Vallim, TQ; Edwards, PA; Graham, M; Gregory, J; Hazen, SL; Lee, R; Lusis, AJ; Meng, Y; Shih, DM; Wang, Z, 2013)
"Low dietary intake of the essential nutrient choline and its metabolite betaine may increase atherogenesis both through effects on homocysteine methylation pathways as well as through choline's antioxidants properties."7.74Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. ( Bidulescu, A; Chambless, LE; Heiss, G; Siega-Riz, AM; Zeisel, SH, 2007)
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an important pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern."5.62Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. ( Bergman, A; Dahlbom, I; de Jong, RCM; de Vries, MR; Ewing, MM; Frostegård, J; Jukema, JW; Karabina, SAP; Karper, JC; Kuiper, J; MacArthur, MR; Mitchell, JR; Ninio, E; Nordzell, M; Peters, EAB; Pettersson, K; Quax, PHA; Sexton, D, 2021)
" Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis."5.41The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases. ( Cai, XC; Han, HX; He, M; Kang, XX; Liu, X; Lv, EH; Tian, JQ; Wang, YT; Wen, PB; Xiao, L; Zhang, MY; Zhen, J; Zhou, Z, 2023)
"Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases."4.31Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults. ( Abe, T; Bhuiya, J; Isomura, M; Kobayashi, H; Nabika, T; Nagai, A; Notsu, Y; Okazaki, R; Sheikh, AM; Shibly, AZ; Yamaguchi, K; Yamasaki, M; Yano, S, 2023)
" Among the well-known con¬tributors to atherosclerosis are less common ones, such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)."4.31TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE - FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR DIETARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS. ( Lazar, M; Olma, A; Streb, W, 2023)
" Therefore, PSRC1 overexpression and reduced choline consumption may further alleviate atherosclerosis."4.12Deficiency of proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) accelerates trimethylamine N-oxide-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE ( Chen, M; Chen, P; Guo, Z; Liu, D; Luo, T; Ou, C, 2022)
"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite after ingesting dietary choline, has been identified as a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis through inducing vascular inflammation."4.12Gut-Flora-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Atherosclerosis-Associated Inflammation Responses by Indirect ROS Stimulation and Signaling Involving AMPK and SIRT1. ( Hong, Y; Ji, N; Luo, X; Ma, W; Nie, Z; Shan, J; Xue, J; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y; Zhou, S; Zhu, W, 2022)
"Microbial trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase activity promotes the development of atherosclerosis by generating of TMA, the precursor of TMA N-oxide (TMAO)."4.12Integrated metagenomics identifies a crucial role for trimethylamine-producing Lachnoclostridium in promoting atherosclerosis. ( Alolga, RN; Cai, YY; Gao, X; Huang, FQ; Lao, X; Li, J; Liu, B; Lu, Y; Qi, LW; Shang, J; Wang, Y; Yin, K; Zhou, X, 2022)
"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite generated from its dietary precursors such as choline, has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis."4.02Metformin alleviates choline diet-induced TMAO elevation in C57BL/6J mice by influencing gut-microbiota composition and functionality. ( Du, Y; Hong, B; Li, X; Su, C; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, X, 2021)
"Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a derivative from the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), has been identified to be an independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis."4.02Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. ( Du, Y; Hong, B; Jiang, J; Jiang, Z; Li, X; Su, C; Wang, L; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"The aim of this study was to further investigate the relation between dietary choline and atherosclerosis in 2 atherogenic mouse models, the LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) and Apoe-/- mice."3.96Dietary Choline or Trimethylamine N-oxide Supplementation Does Not Influence Atherosclerosis Development in Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- Male Mice. ( Aldana-Hernández, P; Curtis, JM; Field, CJ; Jacobs, RL; Leonard, KA; Zhao, YY, 2020)
" Furthermore, unlike chronic dietary choline, TML supplementation in mice failed to elevate plasma TMAO or heighten thrombosis potential in vivo."3.88Untargeted metabolomics identifies trimethyllysine, a TMAO-producing nutrient precursor, as a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease risk. ( Allayee, H; Buffa, JA; Cajka, T; DiDonato, JA; Fiehn, O; Gu, X; Han, Y; Hartiala, JA; Hazen, SL; Hurd, AG; Kerby, RL; Li, L; Li, XS; Lüscher, TF; Nemet, I; Obeid, S; Rey, FE; Roberts, AB; Romano, KA; Shahen, CJ; Skye, SM; Tang, WHW; Wagner, MA; Wang, Z; Wu, Y, 2018)
"The objective of this study was to determine whether ectopic hepatic PEMT expression or choline supplementation would promote atherosclerosis in Pemt-/-/Ldlr-/- mice."3.88Hepatic Expression of PEMT, but Not Dietary Choline Supplementation, Reverses the Protection against Atherosclerosis in Pemt-/-/Ldlr-/- Mice. ( Al Rajabi, A; Curtis, JM; Field, CJ; Jacobs, RL; Ju, T; Leonard, KA; Mi, S; Nelson, R; Thiesen, A; van der Veen, JN; Willing, BP; Zia, Y, 2018)
"The choline-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been demonstrated to contribute to atherosclerosis and is associated with coronary artery disease risk."3.83Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Vascular Inflammation Through Signaling of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-κB. ( Hazen, SL; Lusis, AJ; Meng, Y; Qi, H; Seldin, MM; Shih, DM; Wang, Z; Zhu, W, 2016)
" Here we test the hypothesis that gut microbial transplantation can transmit choline diet-induced TMAO production and atherosclerosis susceptibility."3.81Transmission of atherosclerosis susceptibility with gut microbial transplantation. ( Bennett, BJ; Buffa, JA; DiDonato, JA; Gregory, JC; Hazen, SL; Levison, BS; Li, L; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Wagner, MA; Wang, Z; Zhu, W, 2015)
"Trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite, both enhances atherosclerosis in animal models and is associated with cardiovascular risks in clinical studies."3.81Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ( Buffa, JA; Culley, MK; DiDonato, AJ; DiDonato, JA; Fu, X; Gu, X; Hazen, JE; Hazen, SL; Huang, Y; Krajcik, D; Levison, BS; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Roberts, AB; Wang, Z; Zamanian-Daryoush, M; Zhu, W, 2015)
" We demonstrate here that metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine, a trimethylamine abundant in red meat, also produces TMAO and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice."3.79Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. ( Britt, EB; Brown, JM; Buffa, JA; Bushman, FD; Chen, J; DiDonato, JA; Fu, X; Hazen, SL; Koeth, RA; Krauss, RM; Levison, BS; Lewis, JD; Li, H; Li, L; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Sheehy, BT; Smith, JD; Tang, WH; Wang, Z; Warrier, M; Wu, GD; Wu, Y, 2013)
"Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are strongly associated with atherosclerosis."3.79Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. ( Allayee, H; Bennett, BJ; Crooke, R; de Aguiar Vallim, TQ; Edwards, PA; Graham, M; Gregory, J; Hazen, SL; Lee, R; Lusis, AJ; Meng, Y; Shih, DM; Wang, Z, 2013)
"The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of (11)C-choline in the assessment of the degree of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques."3.76Uptake of 11C-choline in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. ( Hellberg, S; Knuuti, J; Laine, VJ; Laitinen, IE; Luoto, P; Marjamäki, PM; Någren, K; Roivainen, A; Silvola, JM; Ylä-Herttuala, S, 2010)
"Low dietary intake of the essential nutrient choline and its metabolite betaine may increase atherogenesis both through effects on homocysteine methylation pathways as well as through choline's antioxidants properties."3.74Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. ( Bidulescu, A; Chambless, LE; Heiss, G; Siega-Riz, AM; Zeisel, SH, 2007)
"Phenylacetylglutamine, for example, was recently shown to promote adverse cardiovascular phenotypes in the host via interaction with multiple ARs (adrenergic receptors)-a class of key receptors that regulate cardiovascular homeostasis."2.66Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease. ( Hazen, SL; Weeks, TL; Witkowski, M, 2020)
"Atherosclerosis is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle strongly impacts its onset and progression."1.72TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis. ( Blanco, R; Daimiel, L; Dávalos, A; Díez-Ricote, L; Micó, V; Ordovás, JM; Ruiz-Valderrey, P; Tomé-Carneiro, J, 2022)
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an important pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern."1.62Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. ( Bergman, A; Dahlbom, I; de Jong, RCM; de Vries, MR; Ewing, MM; Frostegård, J; Jukema, JW; Karabina, SAP; Karper, JC; Kuiper, J; MacArthur, MR; Mitchell, JR; Ninio, E; Nordzell, M; Peters, EAB; Pettersson, K; Quax, PHA; Sexton, D, 2021)
"The (18)F-FMCH uptake in atherosclerotic plaques was further compared with macrophage infiltration and the plasma levels of cytokines and metabolic markers."1.43Type 2 diabetes enhances arterial uptake of choline in atherosclerotic mice: an imaging study with positron emission tomography tracer ¹⁸F-fluoromethylcholine. ( Hellberg, S; Jauhiainen, M; Kiugel, M; Knuuti, J; Liljenbäck, H; Metsälä, O; Metso, J; Nuutila, P; Roivainen, A; Saraste, A; Saukko, P; Silvola, JM; Viljanen, T; Ylä-Herttuala, S, 2016)
"Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial and progressive disease commonly correlated with a high fat diet."1.40Serum metabonomic analysis of apoE(-/-) mice reveals progression axes for atherosclerosis based on NMR spectroscopy. ( Guo, J; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Wu, T; Yang, Y; Yuan, F; Zhang, Q; Zheng, L, 2014)
"11C-choline uptake was found in 95% of patients, calcification in 94% throughout all vessel segments."1.35Evaluation and comparison of 11C-choline uptake and calcification in aortic and common carotid arterial walls with combined PET/CT. ( Ikeda, M; Ishigaki, T; Kato, K; Kies, P; Naganawa, S; Schäfers, M; Schober, O; Stegger, L, 2009)

Research

Studies (83)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199026 (31.33)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (3.61)29.6817
2010's31 (37.35)24.3611
2020's23 (27.71)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Cai, YY1
Huang, FQ1
Lao, X1
Lu, Y1
Gao, X1
Alolga, RN1
Yin, K1
Zhou, X1
Wang, Y4
Liu, B1
Shang, J1
Qi, LW1
Li, J2
Luo, T1
Liu, D1
Guo, Z2
Chen, P1
Ou, C1
Chen, M1
Chen, CY1
Leu, HB1
Wang, SC1
Tsai, SH1
Chou, RH1
Lu, YW1
Tsai, YL1
Kuo, CS1
Huang, PH1
Chen, JW1
Lin, SJ1
Zhu, X1
Zhao, L1
Hu, X1
Zhu, Y1
Yang, X1
Ma, SR1
Tong, Q1
Lin, Y1
Pan, LB1
Fu, J1
Peng, R1
Zhang, XF1
Zhao, ZX1
Li, Y1
Yu, JB1
Cong, L1
Han, P1
Zhang, ZW1
Yu, H1
Jiang, JD1
Iglesias-Carres, L1
Racine, KC1
Neilson, AP1
Xiong, X1
Zhou, J1
Fu, Q1
Xu, X1
Wei, S1
Yang, S1
Chen, B1
Zhou, S1
Xue, J1
Shan, J1
Hong, Y1
Zhu, W5
Nie, Z1
Zhang, Y2
Ji, N1
Luo, X1
Zhang, T1
Ma, W1
Díez-Ricote, L1
Ruiz-Valderrey, P1
Micó, V1
Blanco, R1
Tomé-Carneiro, J1
Dávalos, A1
Ordovás, JM1
Daimiel, L1
Liu, C1
Li, Z1
Song, Z1
Fan, X1
Shao, H1
Schönke, M1
Boon, MR1
Rensen, PCN1
Bhuiya, J1
Notsu, Y1
Kobayashi, H1
Shibly, AZ1
Sheikh, AM1
Okazaki, R1
Yamaguchi, K1
Nagai, A1
Nabika, T1
Abe, T1
Yamasaki, M1
Isomura, M1
Yano, S1
Zhen, J1
Zhou, Z1
He, M1
Han, HX1
Lv, EH1
Wen, PB1
Liu, X1
Wang, YT1
Cai, XC1
Tian, JQ1
Zhang, MY1
Xiao, L1
Kang, XX1
Olma, A1
Streb, W1
Lazar, M1
Mu, HN1
Zhao, XH1
Zhang, RR1
Li, ZY1
Yang, RY1
Wang, SM1
Li, HX1
Chen, WX1
Dong, J1
Oktaviono, YH1
Dyah Lamara, A1
Saputra, PBT1
Arnindita, JN1
Pasahari, D1
Saputra, ME1
Suasti, NMA1
He, Z1
Zhu, H1
Liu, J1
Kwek, E1
Ma, KY1
Chen, ZY1
Aldana-Hernández, P1
Leonard, KA2
Zhao, YY1
Curtis, JM2
Field, CJ2
Jacobs, RL2
Montandon, SA1
Somm, E1
Loizides-Mangold, U1
de Vito, C1
Dibner, C1
Jornayvaz, FR1
Busnelli, M1
Manzini, S1
Chiesa, G1
Koay, YC1
Chen, YC1
Wali, JA1
Luk, AWS1
Li, M1
Doma, H1
Reimark, R1
Zaldivia, MTK1
Habtom, HT1
Franks, AE1
Fusco-Allison, G1
Yang, J1
Holmes, A1
Simpson, SJ1
Peter, K1
O'Sullivan, JF1
Witkowski, M1
Weeks, TL1
Hazen, SL10
de Vries, MR1
Ewing, MM1
de Jong, RCM1
MacArthur, MR1
Karper, JC1
Peters, EAB1
Nordzell, M1
Karabina, SAP1
Sexton, D1
Dahlbom, I1
Bergman, A1
Mitchell, JR1
Frostegård, J1
Kuiper, J1
Ninio, E1
Jukema, JW1
Pettersson, K1
Quax, PHA1
Li, X3
Su, C2
Jiang, Z1
Yang, Y3
Yang, M1
Zhang, X2
Du, Y2
Zhang, J1
Wang, L3
Jiang, J1
Hong, B2
Aguilar-Ramirez, D1
Alegre-Díaz, J1
Herrington, WG1
Staplin, N1
Ramirez-Reyes, R1
Gnatiuc, L1
Hill, M1
Romer, F1
Torres, J1
Trichia, E1
Wade, R1
Collins, R1
Emberson, JR1
Kuri-Morales, P1
Tapia-Conyer, R1
Li, XS1
Wang, Z8
Cajka, T1
Buffa, JA4
Nemet, I1
Hurd, AG1
Gu, X2
Skye, SM1
Roberts, AB2
Wu, Y3
Li, L3
Shahen, CJ1
Wagner, MA2
Hartiala, JA1
Kerby, RL1
Romano, KA1
Han, Y1
Obeid, S1
Lüscher, TF2
Allayee, H4
Rey, FE1
DiDonato, JA5
Fiehn, O1
Tang, WHW1
Lindskog Jonsson, A1
Caesar, R1
Akrami, R1
Reinhardt, C1
Fåk Hållenius, F1
Borén, J1
Bäckhed, F2
Shan, Z1
Clish, CB1
Hua, S1
Scott, JM1
Hanna, DB1
Burk, RD1
Haberlen, SA1
Shah, SJ1
Margolick, JB1
Sears, CL1
Post, WS1
Landay, AL1
Lazar, JM1
Hodis, HN1
Anastos, K1
Kaplan, RC1
Qi, Q1
Qiu, L1
Tao, X1
Xiong, H1
Yu, J1
Wei, H1
Zia, Y1
Al Rajabi, A1
Mi, S1
Ju, T1
Nelson, R1
Thiesen, A1
Willing, BP1
van der Veen, JN1
Gautam, A1
Paudel, YN1
Abidin, S1
Bhandari, U1
Coffey, AR1
Kanke, M1
Smallwood, TL1
Albright, J1
Pitman, W1
Gharaibeh, RZ1
Hua, K1
Gertz, E1
Biddinger, SB1
Temel, RE1
Pomp, D1
Sethupathy, P1
Bennett, BJ4
Joris, BR1
Gloor, GB1
Sinha, A1
Ma, Y1
Scherzer, R1
Rahalkar, S1
Neilan, BD1
Crane, H1
Drozd, D1
Martin, J1
Deeks, SG1
Hunt, P1
Hsue, PY1
Shih, DM3
Schugar, RC1
Meng, Y3
Jia, X1
Miikeda, A1
Zieger, M1
Lee, R2
Graham, M2
Cantor, RM1
Mueller, C1
Brown, JM2
Lusis, AJ7
Koeth, RA1
Levison, BS4
Org, E3
Sheehy, BT1
Britt, EB2
Fu, X3
Smith, JD2
Chen, J1
Li, H1
Wu, GD1
Lewis, JD1
Warrier, M1
Krauss, RM1
Tang, WH3
Bushman, FD1
Liu, Y1
Zheng, L1
Wu, T1
Zhang, Q1
Yuan, F1
Guo, J1
Gregory, JC1
Drosos, I1
Tavridou, A1
Kolios, G1
Berge, RK2
Ramsvik, MS1
Bohov, P1
Svardal, A2
Nordrehaug, JE1
Rostrup, E1
Bruheim, I1
Bjørndal, B1
Jonsson, AL1
Huang, Y1
Zamanian-Daryoush, M1
Culley, MK1
DiDonato, AJ1
Hazen, JE1
Krajcik, D1
Nunes-Alves, C1
Hellberg, S2
Silvola, JM2
Kiugel, M1
Liljenbäck, H1
Metsälä, O1
Viljanen, T1
Metso, J1
Jauhiainen, M1
Saukko, P1
Nuutila, P1
Ylä-Herttuala, S2
Knuuti, J2
Roivainen, A2
Saraste, A1
Seldin, MM1
Qi, H1
Trøseid, M1
Hov, JR1
Nestvold, TK1
Thoresen, H1
Lappegård, KT1
Petriello, MC1
Hoffman, JB1
Sunkara, M1
Wahlang, B1
Perkins, JT1
Morris, AJ1
Hennig, B1
STEINER, A1
MORRISON, LM2
ROSSI, A2
Kato, K1
Schober, O1
Ikeda, M1
Schäfers, M1
Ishigaki, T1
Kies, P1
Naganawa, S1
Stegger, L1
Cheng, KK1
Benson, GM1
Grimsditch, DC1
Reid, DG1
Connor, SC1
Griffin, JL1
Laitinen, IE1
Luoto, P1
Någren, K1
Marjamäki, PM1
Laine, VJ1
Rak, K1
Rader, DJ1
Klipfell, E1
Koeth, R1
Dugar, B1
Feldstein, AE1
Chung, YM1
Schauer, P1
Getz, GS1
Reardon, CA1
de Aguiar Vallim, TQ1
Gregory, J1
Crooke, R1
Edwards, PA1
FRANCO, A1
GONCALVES, A1
DUFF, GL1
MEISSNER, GF1
GOLDBLOOM, AA1
EIBER, HB1
BOYD, LJ1
PILGERAM, LO1
GREENBERG, DM1
KRITCHEVSKY, D1
MOYER, AW1
TESAR, WC1
LOGAN, JB1
MCCANDLESS, RF1
DAVIES, MC1
ANISIMOV, VE3
NISHIDA, T1
TAKENAKA, F2
KUMMEROW, FA1
ZAITSEV, VM1
WANG, C1
FAZIO, B1
BALESTRERI, R1
MEARDI, G1
TAVERNA, PL1
AIRO, R1
LUKOMSKII, PE1
MILLOT, J1
NIKKILA, EA1
OLLILA, O1
FIRSTBROOK, JB1
STAMLER, J2
BOLENE, C2
HARRIS, R2
KATZ, LN2
CAPRETTI, G1
PAGLIA, G1
POLLACK, OJ1
MOSES, C1
LONGABAUGH, GM1
Matter, CM1
Wyss, MT1
Meier, P1
Späth, N1
von Lukowicz, T1
Lohmann, C1
Weber, B1
Ramirez de Molina, A1
Lacal, JC1
Ametamey, SM1
von Schulthess, GK1
Kaufmann, PA1
Buck, A1
Bidulescu, A1
Chambless, LE1
Siega-Riz, AM1
Zeisel, SH1
Heiss, G1

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
"Plant-Based Meat vs Animal Red Meat: a Randomized Cross-over Trial"[NCT04510324]41 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-01Completed
Impact of Facilitated Vegan Diet on Cardiometabolic Endpoints and Trimethylamine N-oxide[NCT05071196]70 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-01-01Active, not recruiting
Impact of Diet and Gut Microbiota on Trimethylamine-N-oxide Production and Fate in Humans[NCT02558673]40 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Gut Flora Metabolite Reduction After Dietary Intervention (GRADY)[NCT02016430]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-04-04Recruiting
A Dietary Intervention With Functional Foods Reduce Metabolic Endotoxemia and Attenuates Biochemical Abnormalities in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes by Modifying the Gut Microbiota.[NCT03421301]81 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-07Completed
Effects of a Whole Food Based Nutritional Formulation on Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Healthy Adults.[NCT05795946]45 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-15Recruiting
Molecular Imaging of Plaque Vulnerability Using 18F-choline PET-MRI in Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Patients[NCT02640313]Phase 314 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Recruiting
Low Fat Vegan Diet or American Heart Association Diet, Impact on Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese 9-18 y.o. With Elevated Cholesterol: A Four Week Randomized Trial[NCT01817491]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
Effect of Choline Source and Gut Microbiota Composition on Trimethylamine-N-oxide Response in Humans[NCT04255368]44 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-09Completed
Effects of Choline Supplementation on Fetal Growth in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04302168]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-01Recruiting
Analysis of MicroBial Metabolites After Eating Refined Food[NCT04308473]46 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-01Active, not recruiting
Effects of Choline From Eggs vs. Supplements on the Generation of TMAO in Humans (EGGS)[NCT03039023]86 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-02Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in PAQ (Physical Activity Questionnaire)

PAQ self reported questions based on activity level from 1 (low activity) to 5 (high activity), overall PAQ score is a mean of the questions. (NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet0.22
American Heart Association Diet-0.16

Children Change in BMI Z Score

Body mass index z-scores, also called BMI standard deviation (s.d.) scores, are measures of relative weight adjusted for child age and sex. Given a child's age, sex, BMI, and an appropriate reference standard, a BMI z-score (or its equivalent BMI-for-age percentile) can be determined. Negative BMI z-scores indicate a BMI that is lower than the population mean, while positive BMI scores indicate a value that is higher than the population mean. A decrease in the BMI z-score over time indicate a lowering of the BMI. Z-scores of 1.03 and 1.64 correspond to the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI-for-age, which are the definitions of overweight and obesity in children. (NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionZ Score (Mean)
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-0.14
American Heart Association Diet-0.03

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Difference BMI Z Score Children

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionZ score (Mean)
PB/AHA-0.13

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Difference PAQ Children

PAQ self reported questions based on activity level from 1 (low activity) to 5 (high activity), overall PAQ score is a mean of the questions. (NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PB/AHA0.39

Change in Blood Pressure (BP)

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Children Systolic BPParents Systolic BPChildren Diastolic BPParent Diastolic BP
American Heart Association Diet-5.14-3.14-4.36-6.64
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-6.43-7.96-2.61-3.46

Change in Body Mass Index BMI Percentile

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
InterventionBMI percentile (Mean)
ChildrenParents
American Heart Association Diet-0.08-0.73
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-1.12-1.29

Change in Circumference

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventioncm (Mean)
Children Waist CircumferenceParents Waist CircumferenceChildren Midarm CircumferenceParents Midarm Circumference
American Heart Association Diet-2.96-0.49-1.140.35
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-1.53-1.94-2.02-1.32

Change in Glucose

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
ChildrenParent
American Heart Association Diet-.64-5.43
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet0.934.93

Change in HgbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c)

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage (Mean)
ChildrenParent
American Heart Association Diet0.210.14
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet0.17-0.16

Change in hsCRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein)

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionmg/L (Mean)
ChildrenParent
American Heart Association Diet2.780.21
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-2.09-0.24

Change in IL-6 (Interleukin-6)

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
ChildrenParent
American Heart Association Diet-0.19-0.19
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-0.170.16

Change in Insulin

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
InterventionuU/ml (Mean)
ChildrenParents
American Heart Association Diet3.16-3.15
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-5.42-3.11

Change in Lipid Profile

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
total cholesterol childrentriglycerides childrenhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol childrenlow-density lipoprotein cholesterol childrentotal cholesterol parentstriglycerides parentshigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol parentslow-density lipoprotein cholesterol parents
American Heart Association Diet-16.50-13.14-2.93-11.00-7.1416.8616.86-5.50
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-22.50-25.50-5.93-13.14-33.796.21-8.14-27.00

Change in Liver Enzymes

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
InterventionU/L (Mean)
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) childrenaspartate aminotransferase (AST) childrenalanine aminotransferase (ALT) parentsaspartate aminotransferase (AST) parents
American Heart Association Diet-1.140.004.574.43
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet0.792.790.860.14

Change in MPO (Myeloperoxidase)

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
ChildrenParent
American Heart Association Diet-69.231.78
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-75.3416.91

Change in Weight

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks

,
Interventionkg (Mean)
ChildrenParents
American Heart Association Diet-1.55-2.01
Reduced Fat Vegan Diet-3.05-3.64

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean BP

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
Children adj mean ratio systolic BPChildren adj mean ratio diastolic BPparents adj mean ratio systolic BPparents adj mean ratio diastolic BP
PB/AHA1.871.010.971.03

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Difference BMI

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpercentile (Mean)
Children Change in BMIParents Change in BMI
PB/AHA-1.17-0.69

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Difference Circumference

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventioncm (Mean)
children waist circumferenceparents waist circumferencechildren arm circumferenceparents arm circumference
PB/AHA1.32-1.14-1.25-1.68

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Difference Weight

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionkg (Mean)
Children WeightParents Weight
PB/AHA-1.71-1.95

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Lipid Profile

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
CHOL childrenTRIG childrenHDL childrenLDL childrenCHOL parentsTRIG parentsHDL parentsLDL parents
PB/AHA-10.341.010.170.95-27.290.950.94-21.92

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio Glucose

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA1.011.06

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio HgbA1c

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA0.990.96

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio hsCRP

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA0.460.68

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio IL-6

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA0.261.14

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio Insulin

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA0.70.87

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio Liver Enzymes

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ALT childrenAST childrenALT parentsAST parents
PB/AHA11.130.850.83

PB/AHA - Adjusted Mean Ratio MPO

(NCT01817491)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionratio (Mean)
ChildrenParents
PB/AHA0.950.93

Changes in Levels of Fasting Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in 24-hour Urine Collections

Changes in levels of non-labeled TMAO from baseline to Day 28 measured by established mass spectrometry techniques. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionmg in 24 hours (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets26.2139.0
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets29.3186.9
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets27.5221.8
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules15.833.1
Whole Hardboiled Eggs24.328.5

Changes in Lipid Profile, HDL

Changes in measured HDL levels between baseline and Day 28 (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets4951
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets4850
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets5756
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules6162
Whole Hardboiled Eggs4849

Changes in Lipid Profile, LDL

Changes in measured LDL levels between baseline and Day 28 (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets9094
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets104101
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets108118
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules107106
Whole Hardboiled Eggs9186

Changes in Lipid Profile, Total Cholesterol

Changes in total cholesterol levels between baseline and Day 28 (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets180172
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets186178
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets187198
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules175172
Whole Hardboiled Eggs156158

Changes in Lipid Profile, Triglycerides

Changes in measured triglyceride levels between baseline and Day 28 (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionmg/dL (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets10696
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets122109
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets10397
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules7484
Whole Hardboiled Eggs86100

Changes in Plasma Levels of Fasting Betaine.

Fasting plasma levels of betaine from samples obtained at baseline and at day 28 were compared. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
InterventionuM (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets38.269.0
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets38.759.8
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets30.746.9
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules33.646.3
Whole Hardboiled Eggs28.139.7

Changes in Plasma Levels of Fasting Carnitine.

Fasting plasma levels of carnitine from samples obtained at baseline and at day 28 were compared. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
InterventionuM (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets21.218.7
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets21.118.9
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets21.515.6
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules23.420.8
Whole Hardboiled Eggs19.119.4

Changes in Plasma Levels of Fasting Choline

Fasting plasma levels of choline from samples obtained at baseline and at day 28 were compared. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
InterventionuM (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets7.512.9
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets9.512.8
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets8.514.0
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules7.610.6
Whole Hardboiled Eggs8.310.9

Changes in Plasma Levels of Fasting Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a Choline Metabolite

Changes in levels of non-labeled TMAO from baseline to end-of-study (day 28) as measured by established techniques by mass spectrometry. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 days

,,,,
InterventionuM (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets1.911.1
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets2.628.1
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets2.312.3
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules2.83.4
Whole Hardboiled Eggs2.02.3

Changes in Platelet Function With Increased Choline Intake

The activation and functioning of platelets within a single subject will be compared before and after increased choline intake. (NCT03039023)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28

,,,,
Interventionaggregation percentage (Median)
BaselineDay 28
Choline Bitartrate Tablets2.612.8
Egg Whites + Choline Bitartrate Tablets3.029.4
Hardboiled Eggs + Choline Bitartrate Tablets2.312.3
Phosphatidylcholine Capsules2.83.4
Whole Hardboiled Eggs2.63.6

Reviews

7 reviews available for choline and Atherogenesis

ArticleYear
The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023, Volume: 14

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines

2023
The roles of trimethylamine-N-oxide in atherosclerosis and its potential therapeutic aspect: A literature review.
    Biomolecules & biomedicine, 2023, Nov-03, Volume: 23, Issue:6

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Choline; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Lyases; Oxides; Plaque, Atherosclerotic

2023
The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease.
    Nutrients, 2019, Dec-27, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet; Endocrine Gl

2019
Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.
    Circulation research, 2020, 07-31, Volume: 127, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Disease

2020
Unaccounted risk of cardiovascular disease: the role of the microbiome in lipid metabolism.
    Current opinion in lipidology, 2019, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Carnitine; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids,

2019
The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014, Volume: 124, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; I

2014
New aspects on the metabolic role of intestinal microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Methyl

2015

Trials

1 trial available for choline and Atherogenesis

ArticleYear
Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study.
    Lipids in health and disease, 2015, Dec-15, Volume: 14

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chylomicrons; Cytokines; D

2015

Other Studies

75 other studies available for choline and Atherogenesis

ArticleYear
Integrated metagenomics identifies a crucial role for trimethylamine-producing Lachnoclostridium in promoting atherosclerosis.
    NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2022, 03-10, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metagenomics; Methylamines;

2022
Deficiency of proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) accelerates trimethylamine N-oxide-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE
    Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 2022, Volume: 170

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Choline; Inflammation; Leukocytes, Mononucl

2022
Inhibition of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Attenuates Neointimal Formation Through Reduction of Inflammasome and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Carotid Artery Ligation.
    Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2023, Volume: 38, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammasomes;

2023
Dietary titanium dioxide particles (E171) promote diet-induced atherosclerosis through reprogramming gut microbiota-mediated choline metabolism in APOE
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2022, 08-15, Volume: 436

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Knoc

2022
Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota.
    Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2022, 07-07, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Cricetinae; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methylamines; Vitamins

2022
Phenolic-rich beverages reduce bacterial TMA formation in an
    Food & function, 2022, Aug-01, Volume: 13, Issue:15

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Beverages; Chlorogenic Acid; Choline; Coffee; Fermentation; Humans; Methy

2022
The associations between TMAO-related metabolites and blood lipids and the potential impact of rosuvastatin therapy.
    Lipids in health and disease, 2022, Jul-21, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Cholesterol, LDL; Choline; Humans; Lipids; Methylamines; Rosuva

2022
Gut-Flora-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Atherosclerosis-Associated Inflammation Responses by Indirect ROS Stimulation and Signaling Involving AMPK and SIRT1.
    Nutrients, 2022, Aug-15, Volume: 14, Issue:16

    Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Infla

2022
TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Oct-11, Volume: 23, Issue:20

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Inflammation

2022
Choline and butyrate beneficially modulate the gut microbiome without affecting atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice.
    Atherosclerosis, 2022, Volume: 362

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Butyrates; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Choline

2022
Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults.
    Nutrients, 2023, Feb-02, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studie

2023
TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE - FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR DIETARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS.
    Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2023, Volume: 51, Issue:1

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Methylamines

2023
Choline and trimethylamine N-oxide supplementation in normal chow diet and western diet promotes the development of atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- mice through different mechanisms.
    International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2023, Volume: 74, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet, Western; Dietar

2023
Mangiferin alleviates trimethylamine-
    Food & function, 2023, Oct-16, Volume: 14, Issue:20

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methylamines; M

2023
Dietary Choline or Trimethylamine N-oxide Supplementation Does Not Influence Atherosclerosis Development in Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- Male Mice.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2020, 02-01, Volume: 150, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Male; Methylamines; Mice;

2020
Multi-technique comparison of atherogenic and MCD NASH models highlights changes in sphingolipid metabolism.
    Scientific reports, 2019, 11-14, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Diet; Diet, Atherogenic; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression

2019
Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide can be increased with 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' diets and do not correlate with the extent of atherosclerosis but with plaque instability.
    Cardiovascular research, 2021, 01-21, Volume: 117, Issue:2

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Carotid Artery Diseases; Choline; Coron

2021
Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
    Journal of internal medicine, 2021, Volume: 290, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases;

2021
Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome.
    NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2021, 04-16, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Berberine; Choline; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility;

2021
Association of Kidney Function With NMR-Quantified Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Metabolic Measures in Mexican Adults.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021, 09-27, Volume: 106, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apolipoproteins B; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Diabetes M

2021
Metformin alleviates choline diet-induced TMAO elevation in C57BL/6J mice by influencing gut-microbiota composition and functionality.
    Nutrition & diabetes, 2021, 07-31, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Akkermansia; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bifidobacterium; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dy

2021
Untargeted metabolomics identifies trimethyllysine, a TMAO-producing nutrient precursor, as a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease risk.
    JCI insight, 2018, 03-22, Volume: 3, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Disease Mo

2018
Impact of Gut Microbiota and Diet on the Development of Atherosclerosis in Apoe
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:10

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Aortic Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet, Wester

2018
Gut Microbial-Related Choline Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018, 09-22, Volume: 218, Issue:9

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Choline; Female; Gastrointes

2018
Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04 exhibits a strain-specific property of lowering TMAO via the modulation of gut microbiota in mice.
    Food & function, 2018, Aug-15, Volume: 9, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal T

2018
Hepatic Expression of PEMT, but Not Dietary Choline Supplementation, Reverses the Protection against Atherosclerosis in Pemt-/-/Ldlr-/- Mice.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2018, 10-01, Volume: 148, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Choline; Diet, Western; Dietary

2018
Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist lowers plasma trimethylamine-
    Human & experimental toxicology, 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Choline; Clost

2019
microRNA-146a-5p association with the cardiometabolic disease risk factor TMAO.
    Physiological genomics, 2019, 02-01, Volume: 51, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Chlorocebus aethiops; Choline; Cohort Studies; Collaborative Cross Mice; D

2019
Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults.
    Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019, 05-07, Volume: 8, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Carotid Artery Di

2019
Genetic Deficiency of Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 ( Fmo3) Protects Against Thrombosis but Has Only a Minor Effect on Plasma Lipid Levels-Brief Report.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2019, Volume: 39, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Lipid Metabolism; Methylamines; Mice; Mic

2019
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
    Nature medicine, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines;

2013
Serum metabonomic analysis of apoE(-/-) mice reveals progression axes for atherosclerosis based on NMR spectroscopy.
    Molecular bioSystems, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; D

2014
Transmission of atherosclerosis susceptibility with gut microbial transplantation.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015, Feb-27, Volume: 290, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Cecum; Choline; Diet; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gastrointesti

2015
Drug the Bug!
    Cell, 2015, Dec-17, Volume: 163, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hexanols; Humans; Lyases; Methylamines

2015
Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis.
    Cell, 2015, Dec-17, Volume: 163, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Feces; Foam Cells; Gastroin

2015
Microbiome: Drugs for your bugs.
    Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2016, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hexanols; Humans; Lyases; Methylamines

2016
Type 2 diabetes enhances arterial uptake of choline in atherosclerotic mice: an imaging study with positron emission tomography tracer ¹⁸F-fluoromethylcholine.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2016, Feb-06, Volume: 15

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Choline; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus,

2016
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Vascular Inflammation Through Signaling of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor-κB.
    Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016, Feb-22, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Aortitis; Atherosclerosis; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Coculture Techni

2016
Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery.
    Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 2016, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnit

2016
Dioxin-like pollutants increase hepatic flavin containing monooxygenase (FMO3) expression to promote synthesis of the pro-atherogenic nutrient biomarker trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary precursors.
    The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2016, Volume: 33

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Choline; Deuterium; Dietary Fats; Enviro

2016
Effect of choline in the prevention of experimental aortic atherosclerosis.
    Archives of pathology, 1948, Volume: 45

    Topics: Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Sclerosis

1948
The prevention of experimental atherosclerosis by choline feedings.
    American heart journal, 1948, Volume: 36, Issue:3

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Choline; Humans

1948
Evaluation and comparison of 11C-choline uptake and calcification in aortic and common carotid arterial walls with combined PET/CT.
    European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2009, Volume: 36, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Calcinosis; Carbon Isotopes; Carotid Artery, Common

2009
Metabolomic study of the LDL receptor null mouse fed a high-fat diet reveals profound perturbations in choline metabolism that are shared with ApoE null mice.
    Physiological genomics, 2010, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Databases, Genetic; Diet; Diet, H

2010
Uptake of 11C-choline in mouse atherosclerotic plaques.
    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010, Volume: 51, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins B; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Cryopreservation; Immunohistochemistry; Inflam

2010
Cardiovascular disease: the diet-microbe morbid union.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats;

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
    Nature, 2011, Apr-07, Volume: 472, Issue:7341

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; D

2011
Atherosclerosis: beyond cholesterol.
    Current opinion in lipidology, 2011, Volume: 22, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dietary Fats; G

2011
Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation.
    Cell metabolism, 2013, Jan-08, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Androgens; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Base Sequence; Bile Acids and Salts; Choline; Diet; Down-Regula

2013
[Lipotropic factors in atherosclerosis].
    Jornal do medico, 1953, Oct-17, Volume: 22, Issue:560

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Inositol; Lipotropic Agents; Methionine

1953
Effect of choline on the development and regression of cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits.
    A.M.A. archives of pathology, 1954, Volume: 57, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Rabbits

1954
Clinical studies in blood lipid metabolism. IX. Effect of lipotropic agents on serum lipid partitions in fifty patients with generalized atherosclerosis; a three year study.
    The American journal of digestive diseases, 1954, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Biomedical Research; Blood; Choline; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Li

1954
Susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis and the methylation of ethanolamine 1,2-C14 to phosphatidyl choline.
    Science (New York, N.Y.), 1954, Nov-05, Volume: 120, Issue:3123

    Topics: Amino Alcohols; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Disease Susceptibility; Ethanolamine; Et

1954
Effect of injected choline citrate in experimental atherosclerosis.
    The American journal of physiology, 1955, Volume: 183, Issue:3

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Blood; Cholesterol; Choline; Injections

1955
[Dynamic activity of cholinesterase and choline content in various forms of atherosclerosis].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1957, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Cholinesterases; Humans

1957
Effect of dietary protein and heated fat on serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels, and on the incidence of experimental atherosclerosis in chicks.
    Circulation research, 1958, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Chickens; Cholesterol; Choline; Dietary Proteins; Fats;

1958
[Changes of cholesterol, choline and protein fractions of blood in atherosclerosis during salt-free diet therapy].
    Sovetskaia meditsina, 1957, Volume: 21, Issue:11

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Diet, Sodium-Restrict

1957
[Changes of choline, cholesterol and cholinesterase in the blood in atherosclerosis].
    Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1958, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cholinesterases

1958
[Changes in the level of prothrombin and fibrinogen of the blood in atherosclerosis in treatment with ascorbic acid, choline and iodine preparations].
    Klinicheskaia meditsina, 1959, Volume: 37, Issue:5

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Fibrinogen; Humans; Iodine; Prothrombin;

1959
[Treatment of human atherosclerosis with betaine].
    Minerva medica, 1961, Apr-25, Volume: 52

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Choline; Humans

1961
[Activity of the alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine esters of essential fatty acids on the plasma lipoprotein picture after a fatty meal in normal subjects and in patients with atherosclerosis. I. Research on the turbidimetric curve after loading].
    Giornale di gerontologia, 1960, Volume: 8

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Esters; Fatty Acids, Essential; Glycerophosphates; Glyce

1960
[PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CORONARY CIRCULATION].
    Kumamoto Igakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Kumamoto Medical Society, 1963, Jan-25, Volume: 37

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins;

1963
[PROBLEMS IN DRUG THERAPY AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS PREVENTION].
    Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1963, Volume: 35

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Fatty Acids; Folic Acid; Hematinics; Humans; Lipid Metab

1963
[Action of lipotropic factors in atherosclerosis].
    Concours medical, 1954, Nov-13, Volume: 76, Issue:46

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Inositol; Lipotropic Agents; Methionine

1954
Effect of dietary protein, methionine and choline on atherosclerosis and serum and liver lipids in cholesterol-fed chickens.
    Annales medicinae experimentalis et biologiae Fenniae, 1960, Volume: 38

    Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Chickens; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Lipid Metabolism;

1960
Effect of choline chloride on development of atherosclerosis in the rabbit.
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1950, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Rabbits

1950
Effect of choline and inositol on plasma and tissue lipids and atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed chick.
    Circulation, 1950, Volume: 2, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Chickens; Cholesterol; Choline; Inositol; Lipids; Plasma

1950
Effect of choline and inositol on plasma and tissue lipids and on spontaneous and stilbestrol-induced atherosclerosis in the chick.
    Circulation, 1950, Volume: 2, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Chickens; Choline; Diethylstilbestrol; Inositol; Lipids;

1950
[Lipotropic factors and atherosclerosis; action of methionine, choline and inositol on experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis].
    Giornale di clinica medica, 1950, Volume: 31, Issue:9

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Choline; Inositol; Lipotropic Agents; Methionine

1950
Fiction and facts about lipotropic medication in atherosclerosis.
    Delaware medical journal, 1952, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Humans; Lipotropic Agents

1952
Evaluation of choline in the prevention of experimental atherosclerosis; importance of changes in body weight.
    Archives of pathology, 1950, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Arteriolosclerosis; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Choli

1950
CHOLINE and atherosclerosis.
    Nutrition reviews, 1950, Volume: 8, Issue:7

    Topics: Arteriolosclerosis; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Humans

1950
18F-choline images murine atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo.
    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Aorta; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Autoradiography; Choline; Choline Kinase; Fluori

2006
Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
    BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2007, Jul-13, Volume: 7

    Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Choline; Coronary Disease; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incide

2007
Absorption of aortic atherosclerosis by choline feeding.
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1948, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Aortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Choline; Humans

1948