cholic acid and Pregnancy

cholic acid has been researched along with Pregnancy in 35 studies

Research

Studies (35)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	7 (20.00)	18.7374
1990's	8 (22.86)	18.2507
2000's	11 (31.43)	29.6817
2010's	6 (17.14)	24.3611
2020's	3 (8.57)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Gu, M; Guo, S; Lan, Y; Li, J; Liang, X; Liu, H; Nan, F; Wang, M; Xie, X; Yin, J; Yun, Y; Zhang, C; Zhuo, N	1
Colin, P; Creatsas, G; Drouin, J; Guerrero, E; Guilbert, E; Lemieux, L; Serfaty, D; Suissa, S	1
Cocucci, SE; Di Carlo, MB; Lucangioli, SE; Martinefski, MR; Perazzi, BE; Tripodi, VP; Vega, HR	1
Ali, W; Bush, X; Chen, Q; Chen, Y; Cui, AM; Deng, R; Hashmi, SF; Hurd, Z; Nadolny, C; Qin, G; You, S; Zhang, X	1
Desai, M; Ross, MG	1
Chen, LJ; Gao, H; Hu, Y; Liu, XX; Luo, QQ; Yu, LL; Zou, L	1
Beutler, B; Schnabl, B; Siggs, OM; Webb, B	1
Chen, X; Li, X; Wang, C; Zhou, SF	1
Abu-Hayyeh, S; Chambers, J; Jamaludin, NA; Lövgren-Sandblom, A; Marschall, HU; Nikolova, V; Oduwole, O; Papacleovoulou, G; Parker, MG; Ravat, S; Rees, M; Selden, C; Tahir, M; Williamson, C	1
Caulfield, MP; Goodwin, TM; Incerpi, MH; Lee, RH; Miller, DA; Ouzounian, JG; Reitz, R; Stanczyk, FZ; Zhang, K	1
Carvajal, JA; Germain, AM; Glasinovic, JC; Kato, S; Valdes, GL; Valenzuela, GJ	1
de Swiet, M; Gorelik, J; Korchev, Y; Lab, M; Shevchuk, A; Williamson, C	1
Carducci, C; Castaño, G; Di Scala, M; Franchi, P; Lemberg, A; Lucangioli, S; Mesquida, M; Sookoian, S; Tripodi, V	1
Briz, O; Marin, JJ; Monte, MJ; Serrano, MA; Vallejo, M	1
Calderon, PB; Cuesta de Juan, S; Macias, RI; Marin, JJ; Monte, MJ; Wauthier, V	1
Chagas, VL; Ferrante, SM; Madi, K; Meio, IB; Siviero, I	1
Boverhof, R; Havinga, R; Kuipers, F; Liu, Y; Sauer, PJ; Stellaard, F; VAN DER Leij, FR	1
Ding, YL; Tan, L	1
Heikkinen, J; Kirkinen, P; Mäentausta, O; Ylöstalo, P	1
Beckett, GJ; Douglas, JG; Fulton, IC; Hutchon, DJ	1
Heikkinen, J; Järvinen, PA; Kirkinen, P; Mäentausta, O; Ylöstalo, P	1
Bastani, B; Brunette, MG; Leclerc, M; Narbaitz, R	1
Bardisa, L; Garcia, M; Jara, C; Perez, R; Rudolph, MI; Ulloa, N	1
Komoroski, RA; Krone, JT; Pappas, AA; Pearce, JM	1
Meng, LJ; Sjövall, J	1
Brites, D; Marín, JJ; Rodrigues, CM	1
Anna, M; Antonio, C; Azzaroli, F; Bovicelli, L; Colecchia, A; Constance, M; Davide, F; Enrico, R; Festi, D; Francesco, A; Giovanni, N; Giuliana, S; Luciano, B; Mazzella, G; Miracolo, A; Mwangemi, C; Nicola, R; Nigro, G; Patrizia, S; Rizzo, N; Roda, E; Simonazzi, G; Simoni, P	1
El-Mir, MY; Jiménez, F; Macias, RI; Marin, JJ; Pascual, MJ; Serrano, MA	1
Cool, DR; Ganapathy, V; Leibach, FH; Mahesh, VB; Ramamoorthy, S	1
Cruz, MA; González, C; Rudolph, MI; Sepúlveda, WH	1
Karsai, F; Pethes, G; Szaniszló, F	1
Balistreri, WF; Courchene, SM; Suchy, FJ	1
Kiilholma, P	1
Breidenstein, J; Colombo, C; Ronchi, M; Setchell, KD; Zuliani, G	1
Goto, I; Kobayashi, T; Kuroiwa, Y; Shinnoh, N	1

Trials

2 trial(s) available for cholic acid and Pregnancy

Article	Year
A multinational evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the Protectaid contraceptive sponge. The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception, 2001, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Benzalkonium Compounds; Canada; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Dominican Republic; Female; France; Greece; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Nonoxynol; Polyurethanes; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Sodium Cholate; Spermatocidal Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors	2001
Ursodeoxycholic acid administration in patients with cholestasis of pregnancy: effects on primary bile acids in babies and mothers. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Bile Acids and Salts; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholestasis; Cholic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pruritus; Ursodeoxycholic Acid	2001

Article

Year

A multinational evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the Protectaid contraceptive sponge.

The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception, 2001, Volume: 6, Issue:3

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Benzalkonium Compounds; Canada; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Contraceptive Devices, Female; Dominican Republic; Female; France; Greece; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Nonoxynol; Polyurethanes; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Sodium Cholate; Spermatocidal Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors

2001

Ursodeoxycholic acid administration in patients with cholestasis of pregnancy: effects on primary bile acids in babies and mothers.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3

Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Bile Acids and Salts; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholestasis; Cholic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pruritus; Ursodeoxycholic Acid

2001

Other Studies

33 other study(ies) available for cholic acid and Pregnancy

Article	Year
Identification of Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Potent TGR5 Agonists with Antidiabetic Effects via Humanized TGR5 Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, 08-26, Volume: 64, Issue:16 Topics: Animals; Betulinic Acid; Caco-2 Cells; Dogs; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mutation; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Structure-Activity Relationship	2021
Fetal coenzyme Q10 deficiency in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2020, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Ataxia; Bile Acids and Salts; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholesterol; Cholic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mitochondrial Diseases; Muscle Weakness; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prospective Studies; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ubiquinone; Young Adult	2020
Dysregulation of bile acids increases the risk for preterm birth in pregnant women. Nature communications, 2020, 04-30, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cholic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Liver Diseases; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Animal; Premature Birth; Prospective Studies; Signal Transduction; Young Adult	2020
Reproductive endocrinology: maternal cholestasis and offspring metabolic abnormalities. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 9, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Cholic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Mice; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects	2013
Effect of cholic acid on fetal cardiac myocytes in intrahepatic choliestasis of pregnancy. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Death, Sudden; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors	2014
X-linked cholestasis in mouse due to mutations of the P4-ATPase ATP11C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, May-10, Volume: 108, Issue:19 Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Base Sequence; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Primers; Dystocia; Female; Genes, X-Linked; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Homozygote; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary; Lymphopenia; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; Molecular Chaperones; Mutation; Phenotype; Pregnancy	2011
Impaired fetal adrenal function in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2011, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adult; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetus; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Liver Function Tests; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2011
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy levels of sulfated progesterone metabolites inhibit farnesoid X receptor resulting in a cholestatic phenotype. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnanolone; Progesterone; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Sulfuric Acid Esters	2013
Bile acid concentration reference ranges in a pregnant Latina population. American journal of perinatology, 2013, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Case-Control Studies; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Chromatography, Liquid; Deoxycholic Acid; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Reference Values; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult	2013
Bile acids increase response and expression of human myometrial oxytocin receptor. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2003, Volume: 189, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Myometrium; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Receptors, Oxytocin; RNA, Messenger; Uterine Contraction	2003
Comparison of the arrhythmogenic effects of tauro- and glycoconjugates of cholic acid in an in vitro study of rat cardiomyocytes. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2004, Volume: 111, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cholestasis; Cholic Acid; Female; Glycoconjugates; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Rats; Taurocholic Acid	2004
Bile acid profiles by capillary electrophoresis in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2006, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Case-Control Studies; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deoxycholic Acid; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lithocholic Acid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Ursodeoxycholic Acid	2006
Potential role of trans-inhibition of the bile salt export pump by progesterone metabolites in the etiopathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Journal of hepatology, 2006, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bile Acids and Salts; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Oocytes; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Steroids; Xenopus laevis	2006
Ontogenic development-associated changes in the expression of genes involved in rat bile acid homeostasis. Journal of lipid research, 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Deoxycholic Acid; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; Homeostasis; Oxidoreductases; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Time Factors; Transcription Factors; Weaning	2007
Hepatobiliary effects of cholic and lithocholic acids: experimental study in hamsters. Pediatric surgery international, 2008, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biliary Atresia; Biliary Tract; Cholic Acid; Cricetinae; Female; Lithocholic Acid; Liver; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy	2008
Dexamethasone exposure of neonatal rats modulates biliary lipid secretion and hepatic expression of genes controlling bile acid metabolism in adulthood without interfering with primary bile acid kinetics. Pediatric research, 2008, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; Cholic Acid; Dexamethasone; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glucocorticoids; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Pregnancy; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase; Symporters	2008
[Effects of high cholic acid on fetal brains of pregnant rats]. Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi, 2007, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Cholic Acid; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetus; Gravidity; Male; Neurons; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	2007
Gallbladder function and maternal bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:1-2 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Ultrasonics	1984
Is normal pregnancy cholestatic? Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1983, May-30, Volume: 130, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Fasting; Female; Food; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy	1983
Gall bladder volume and serum bile acids in cholestasis of pregnancy. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1982, Volume: 89, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholestasis; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Ultrasonography	1982
Detection of different adenosine triphosphatases in human placental brush border membranes. The Journal of membrane biology, 1995, Volume: 145, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Deoxycholic Acid; Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; Dogs; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Macrolides; Membrane Proteins; Microvilli; Placenta; Pregnancy; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Rats; Vanadates	1995
A single intravenous high dose of cholic acid to a pregnant ewe does not affect fetal well-being. Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie, 1994, Volume: 194, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Fetus; Hemodynamics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sheep; Uterine Contraction	1994
Analysis of saturated phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid by 31P NMR. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 1993, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphatidylcholines; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third	1993
Method for combined analysis of profiles of conjugated progesterone metabolites and bile acids in serum and urine of pregnant women. Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications, 1997, Jan-10, Volume: 688, Issue:1 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Hydrolysis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Progesterone; Reproducibility of Results; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; Testosterone; Tritium	1997
Bile acid patterns in meconium are influenced by cholestasis of pregnancy and not altered by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Gut, 1999, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Ursodeoxycholic Acid	1999
Relationship between asymptomatic hypercholanaemia of pregnancy and progesterone metabolism. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2002, Volume: 102, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholic Acid; Deoxycholic Acid; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Progesterone	2002
Reconstitution of the human placental 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter in a catalytically active form after detergent solubilization. The Biochemical journal, 1992, Aug-15, Volume: 286 ( Pt 1) Topics: Anions; Carrier Proteins; Cations; Cell Fractionation; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Liposomes; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microvilli; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Placenta; Pregnancy; Proteolipids; Serotonin; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Solubility; Urea	1992
Vasoconstrictive effect of bile acids on isolated human placental chorionic veins. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1991, Dec-13, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Chorion; Deoxycholic Acid; Female; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Vasoconstriction; Veins	1991
[Blood serum level of primary bile acids in cattle, horses, swine and dogs]. DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 1991, Volume: 98, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cattle; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Dogs; Female; Horses; Male; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Swine	1991
Ontogeny of hepatic bile acid conjugation in the rat. Pediatric research, 1985, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Acyltransferases; Aging; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Coenzyme A Ligases; Cortisone; Cytosol; Female; Microsomes, Liver; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase; Taurine	1985
Serum copper and zinc concentrations in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a controlled study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1986, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Copper; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prospective Studies; Protons; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Zinc	1986
Biliary bile acid composition of the human fetus in early gestation. Pediatric research, 1987, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Female; Fetus; Gallbladder; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gestational Age; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy	1987
Hydrolysis of galactosylceramide is catalyzed by two genetically distinct acid beta-galactosidases. The Journal of biological chemistry, 1985, Dec-05, Volume: 260, Issue:28 Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Cell Line; Cerebrosides; Chemical Precipitation; Cholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Cross Reactions; Enzyme Activation; Female; Fibroblasts; G(M1) Ganglioside; Galactosidases; Galactosylceramidase; Galactosylceramides; Gangliosidoses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunologic Techniques; Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell; Placenta; Pregnancy; Psychosine; Substrate Specificity; Taurocholic Acid	1985