cholecalciferol and Sarcopenia

In older adults, there is a blunted responsiveness to resistance training and reduced muscle hypertrophy compared with younger adults. There is evidence that both exercise training and vitamin D supplementation may benefit musculoskeletal health in older adults, and it is plausible that in combination their effects may be additive. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined resistance exercise training and vitamin D. Seven studies including a total of 792 participants were identified. Studies were categorised into two groups; group 1 compared vitamin D. This review provides tentative support for the additive effect of resistance exercise and vitamin D

Topics: Aged; Body Composition; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Muscle Strength; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with Sarcopenic Obesity (SO), but evidence from randomized Vitamin D 3 (VD3) trials is scarce.. Compare the effect of VD3 supplementation, at two doses, on SO indices at 12 months.. Overweight older adults (>65 years) with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) of 10-30 ng/mL were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial (clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT01315366). All subjects received 1000 mg calcium citrate/day and underwent total body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry for body composition assessment. Low Dose Group (LDG) and High Dose Group (HDG) received 600 IU -Institute of Medicine (IOM) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- and 3750 IU VD3/day, respectively.. Mean age was 71 ± 4.6 years, 55% females, BMI: 30.2 ± 4.5 Kg/m. Weekly VD3, at the daily equivalent of 3750 IU/day, did not improve indices of sarcopenia nor adiposity compared to the IOM RDA dose in adults.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is common in elderly individuals but difficult to treat.. A combination of nutrients was investigated to treat sarcopenia in very frail elderly adults.. We enrolled 38 elderly nursing home residents (11 men and 27 women with a mean ± SD age of 86.6 ± 4.8 y) in a 3-mo randomized, controlled, single-blind, parallel group trial. The participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups. The first group received a daily l-leucine (1.2 g) and cholecalciferol (20 μg)-enriched supplement with 6 g medium-chain triglycerides (TGs) (MCTs) (LD + MCT); the second group received the same leucine and cholecalciferol-enriched supplement with 6 g long-chain TGs (LD + LCT); and the third group did not receive any supplements (control). The supplement and oils were taken at dinner, and changes in muscle mass, strength, and function were monitored.. The increase in body weight in the LD + MCT (1.1 ± 1.0 kg) and LD + LCT (0.8 ± 1.1 kg) groups was greater than that in the control group (-0.5 ± 0.9 kg) (P < 0.05). After 3 mo, participants in the LD + MCT group had a 13.1% increase in right-hand grip strength (1.2 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01), a 12.5% increase in walking speed (0.078 ± 0.080 m/s, P < 0.05), a 68.2% increase in a 10-s leg open-and-close test performance (2.31 ± 1.68 n/10 s, P < 0.001), and a 28.2% increase in peak expiratory flow (53 ± 59 L/min, P < 0.01). No significant improvements in muscle mass, strength, or function were observed in the LD + LCT or control groups.. The combined supplementation of MCTs (6 g), leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol at dinner may improve muscle strength and function in frail elderly individuals. This trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000017567.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Female; Frail Elderly; Gait; Hand Strength; Humans; Leucine; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Sarcopenia; Single-Blind Method; Triglycerides; Vitamins

The present study investigates the effects of vitamin D on muscle function in postmenopausal women. It has been shown that vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women with hypovitaminosis D provides significant protective factor against sarcopenia, with significant increases in muscle strength and control of progressive loss of lean mass.. We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamin D (VITD) alone on muscle function in younger postmenopausal women.. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 160 Brazilian postmenopausal women were randomized into two groups: VITD group consisting of patients receiving vitamin D3 1000 IU/day orally (n = 80) or placebo group (n = 80). Women with amenorrhea for more than 12 months and age 50-65 years, with a history of falls (previous 12 months), were included. The intervention time was 9 months, with assessments at two points, start and end. Lean mass was estimated by total-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and muscle strength by handgrip strength and chair rising test. The plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis was by intention to treat (ITT), using ANOVA, Student's t test, and Tukey's test.. After 9 months, average values of 25(OH)D increased from 15.0 ± 7.5 to 27.5 ± 10.4 ng/ml (+45.4%) in the VITD group and decreased from 16.9 ± 6.7 to 13.8 ± 6.0 ng/ml (-18.5%) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). In the VITD group, there was significant increase in muscle strength (+25.3%) of the lower limbs by chair rising test (p = 0.036). In women in the placebo group, there was considerable loss (-6.8%) in the lean mass (p = 0.030).. The supplementation of vitamin D alone in postmenopausal women provided significant protective factor against the occurrence of sarcopenia, with significant increases in muscle strength and control of progressive loss of lean mass.

Topics: Aged; Anthropometry; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Postmenopause; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D

Physical inactivity, inadequate dietary protein, and low-grade systemic inflammation contribute to age-related muscle loss, impaired function, and disability.. We assessed the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) combined with a protein-enriched diet facilitated through lean red meat on lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle size, strength and function, circulating inflammatory markers, blood pressure, and lipids in elderly women.. In a 4-mo cluster randomized controlled trial, 100 women aged 60-90 y who were residing in 15 retirement villages were allocated to receive PRT with lean red meat (∼160 g cooked) to be consumed 6 d/wk [resistance training plus lean red meat (RT+Meat) group; n = 53] or control PRT [1 serving pasta or rice/d; control resistance training (CRT) group; n = 47)]. All women undertook PRT 2 times/wk and received 1000 IU vitamin D3/d.. The mean (± SD) protein intake was greater in the RT+Meat group than in the CRT group throughout the study (1.3 ± 0.3 compared with 1.1 ± 0.3 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, respectively; P < 0.05). The RT+Meat group experienced greater gains in total body LTM (0.45 kg; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.84 kg), leg LTM (0.22 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.42 kg), and muscle strength (18%; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.34) than did the CRT group (all P < 0.05). The RT+Meat group also experienced a 10% greater increase in serum insulin-like growth factor I (P < 0.05) and a 16% greater reduction in the proinflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05) after 4 mo. There were no between-group differences for the change in blood lipids or blood pressure.. A protein-enriched diet equivalent to ∼1.3 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ achieved through lean red meat is safe and effective for enhancing the effects of PRT on LTM and muscle strength and reducing circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women. This trial was registered at the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12609000223235.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Body Composition; Cholecalciferol; Cohort Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Down-Regulation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Housing for the Elderly; Humans; Interleukin-6; Meat; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Resistance Training; Sarcopenia; Victoria

Loss of muscle strength is associated with falls, which, in turn, are the main cause of hip fractures in elderly people. The factors that most influence loss of strength in elderly people are a decrease in muscle mass, i.e. sarcopenia, and an increase in fat, i.e. obesity.. A prospective randomized clinical trial among patients who have undergone an operation for a traumatic hip fracture and who are aged 65 or above will be implemented. We shall compare a control diet against a high-protein diet enriched with β-hydroxy-βmethylbutirate, calcium and vitamin D. The diet will be administered during 30 days of hospitalization in the orthopaedic geriatric rehabilitation unit. There will be 50 patients in each arm of the study. The main objective is to assess whether the experimental diet, together with rehabilitation, improves functional recovery, measured on the Barthel index. Secondary objectives are to assess changes in body composition and the prevalence of sarcopenia, obesity and mortality one year after the hip fracture. We shall also assess whether there is a relationship between specific inflammatory markers, sarcopenia and functional recovery.. Ageing is accompanied by changes in body composition that increase the risk of falls and progressive functional loss. These factors are a public health problem because they are highly associated with disability in older people. The present study seeks to gain knowledge of those factors that are most often associated with the onset of disability and those that can be modified through diet.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Proteins; Female; Hip Fractures; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Obesity; Prospective Studies; Sarcopenia; Statistics, Nonparametric; Valerates; Walking

Sarcopenia is considered to be an enormous burden for both the individuals affected and for society at large. A multifactorial aetiology of this geriatric syndrome has been discussed. Amongst other pathomechanisms, the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) may be of major relevance. The intact balance between the pro-synaptic agent agrin and the anti-synaptic agent neurotrypsin ensures a structurally and functionally intact NMJ. Excessive cleavage of the native motoneuron-derived agrin by neurotrypsin into a C-terminal Agrin Fragment (CAF) leads to functional disintegration at the NMJ and may consecutively cause sarcopenia. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that CAF serum concentration is a potential marker for the loss of appendicular lean mass in older adults. It also explores how CAF concentration is influenced by vitamin D supplementation and physical exercise.. Serum was taken from 69 (47 female) prefrail community-dwelling older adults participating in a training intervention study to measure the CAF concentration using the Western blot technique. All participants were supplemented orally with vitamin D3 before the training intervention period commenced. Appendicular lean mass (aLM) was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors significantly associated with CAF concentration.. Appendicular lean mass, age and sex were identified as significant explanatory factors for CAF concentration. Gait speed and hand grip strength were not associated with CAF concentration. Male participants showed a strong correlation (r=-0.524) between CAF serum concentration and aLM, whereas this was not the case (r=-0.219) in females. Vitamin D supplementation and physical exercise were significantly associated with a reduction in CAF concentration, especially in participants with initially high CAF concentrations.. C-terminal Agrin Fragment could be a potential marker for identifying sarcopenia in a subgroup of affected individuals in the future. The decline of muscle mass seems to be a CAF-associated process in males, whereas the situation in females may be more complex and multifactorial. CAF concentration is reduced by vitamin D supplementation and physical exercise and therefore suggests a potentially positive effect on NMJs. Further prospective studies of sarcopenic patients in addition to muscle biopsy and electromyographical investigations are planned to verify the external validity of the CAF concept.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrin; Biomarkers; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Peptide Fragments; Resistance Training; Sarcopenia; Sex Factors; Single-Blind Method

The onset of sarcopenia is associated with a decline in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, wherein reduced VDR levels contribute to muscle atrophy, while heightened expression promotes muscle hypertrophy. Like VDR, the age-related decline in protein deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT) expression is linked to the development of sarcopenia and age-related muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether the VDR agonist 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) exerts beneficial effects on muscles through interactions with sirtuins and, if so, the underlying molecular mechanisms. Treatment of 1,25VD3 in differentiating C2C12 myotubes substantially elevated VDR, SIRT1, and SIRT3 expression, enhancing their differentiation. Furthermore, 1,25VD3 significantly enhanced the expression of key myogenic markers, including myosin heavy chain (MyHC) proteins, MyoD, and MyoG, and increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and AKT. Conversely, VDR knockdown resulted in myotube atrophy and reduced SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels. In a muscle-wasting model triggered by IFN-γ/TNF-α in C2C12 myotubes, diminished VDR, SIRT1, and SIRT3 levels led to skeletal muscle atrophy and apoptosis. 1,25VD3 downregulated the increased expression of muscle atrophy-associated proteins, including FoxO3a, MAFbx, and MuRF1 in an IFN-γ/TNF-α induced atrophy model. Importantly, IFN-γ/TNF-α significantly reduced the mtDNA copy number in the C2C12 myotube, whereas the presence of 1,25VD3 effectively prevented this decrease. These results support that 1,25VD3 could serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent against age-related muscle atrophy by enhancing the VDR/SIRT1/SIRT3 axis.

Topics: Cholecalciferol; Humans; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Receptors, Calcitriol; Sarcopenia; Sirtuin 1; Sirtuin 3; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To evaluate the status of vitamin D in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and establish its associations with comorbidity, disease activity, and body composition components.. 86 women with RA (average age 58.18.5 years) were enrolled in the study. We analyzed the relationship of vitamin D levels with clinical and laboratory parameters and with the results of two-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MannWhitney or KruskalWallis, 2 and Spearman tests were performed using Statistica for Windows 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).. Vitamin D level was 22.4 [17.8; 27.3] ng/ml: deficiency was detected in 33%, and insufficiency in 46% of women with RA. Only 41% of patients with low vitamin D levels received supplements of cholecalciferol, while only 9% in a sufficient dose. 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in RA patients with sarcopenia, obesity, high activity according to DAS28 and in those who did not receive vitamin D supplements. There werent differences in 25(OH)D levels among subgroups of patient according to age, fertility, BMD status, comorbidity index, RA duration, ESR and CRP levels, medical therapy performed.. 79% of patients with RA had low levels of vitamin D, while less than half of them received additional cholecalciferol supplements. Low vitamin D levels in RA patients were associated with high disease activity, sarcopenia, and obesity.. Цель. Оценить статус витамина D у женщин с ревматоидным артритом (РА) и установить его ассоциации с коморбидностью, активностью заболевания и компонентами состава тела. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 86 женщин с РА, средний возраст 58,18,5 года. Проведены анкетирование, денситометрическое и лабораторное обследование. Проанализирована связь уровня витамина D c клинико-анамнестическими, лабораторными данными и результатами денситометрии. Анализ выполнен с использованием U-теста МаннаУитни или критерия КраскелаУоллиса, метода 2 и корреляционного анализа по Спирмену с помощью пакета Statistica for Windows 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). Результаты. Уровень витамина D составил 22,4 [17,8; 27,3] нг/мл, дефицит выявлен у 33%, а недостаточность у 46% женщин с РА. Только 41% пациентов из числа лиц с низким уровнем 25(ОН)D дополнительно принимали колекальциферол, при этом лишь 9% в достаточной дозе. Уровень 25(ОН)D значимо ниже у больных РА с саркопенией, ожирением, высокой активностью по DAS28, а также у лиц, не получавших дополнительно препараты витамина D, в то же время не выявлено различий в зависимости от возраста, фертильности, состояния минеральной плотности кости, индекса коморбидности, длительности РА, показателей скорости оседания эритроцитов и С-реактивного белка, характера проводимой терапии. Заключение. Низкий уровень витамина D имели 79% пациентов с РА, в то же время менее 1/2 из них получали дополнительно колекальциферол. Низкий уровень витамина D ассоциировался с наличием у них высокой активности заболевания, саркопенией и ожирением.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Avitaminosis; Body Composition; Cholecalciferol; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity; Sarcopenia; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin D; Vitamins

To investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and nailfold microcirculation and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25 (OH) D3] (instead of 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and IL-17 levels in female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.. 130 female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 80 healthy controls were tested. Nailfold capillaroscopic scores (NFCS) were measured. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure skeletal muscle mass. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α. Serum 25 (OH) D3 concentration was determined by photochemical immunoassay. The correlation was analyzed by Pearson's correlation, and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression.. (1) Compared with the control group, NFCS and serum IL-17 levels were higher in the RA group, while the serum 25 (OH) D3 and skeletal mass index (SMI) were lower. (2) Pearson correlation analysis found: SMI was positively correlated with 25 (OH) D3 (r=0.515, P<0.001), SMI was negatively correlated with IL-17 (r=-0.468, P<0.001), SMI was negatively correlated with NFS (r = -0.229, P=0.009); (3) Logistic regression analysis: serum 25 (OH) D3 was a protective factor for sarcopenia (OR=0.392, P=0.016); IL-17, C-reactive protein, and NFS were risk factors for sarcopenia (OR=1.516, P=0.049; OR=1.469, P=0.045; OR=3.497, P=0.002).. Secondary sarcopenia in RA is common and is closely related to microcirculation abnormalities. Increased NFCS is a risk factor for sarcopenia. Decreased serum 25 (OH) D3 levels and increased IL-17 are also risk factors for sarcopenia, but the mechanisms involved in sarcopenia and microcirculation abnormalities need further investigation.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Female; Humans; Interleukin-17; Microcirculation; Sarcopenia

Fragility fractures are a major burden for health and social care in elderly people. In order to identify earlier the "frail elders", new concepts of "dysmobility syndrome" and skeletal muscle function deficit (SMFD), including sarcopenia, osteoporosis, obesity, and mobility limitation, leading to a higher risk of fractures, have been recently introduced. There are very few studies investigating the association between fragility fractures and both the dysmobility syndrome and the SMFD.. The objective of our study is to investigate the role of previous fragility fractures as a risk factor in determining the dysmobility syndrome and/or the SMFD in post-menopausal women.. In this case-control study, we retrospectively examined data from the medical records of post-menopausal women aged 50 or older. We divided the study population in two groups. The first group includes women with a previous fragility fracture (cases) and the other group includes women without any previous osteoporotic fracture (controls). We identified the subjects with "dysmobility syndrome", "dynapenic SMFD", "sarcopenic SMFD", and "mixed SMFD" in both groups. Data collected refer to a 6-month period.. We retrieved data of 121 post-menopausal women, 77 (63.64%) had already sustained a fragility fracture at any site (cases). The risk for dysmobility syndrome was significantly higher (adjusted OR for age and serum 25-OH vitamin D3 of 2.46) in the cases compared with the controls.. An early diagnosis of conditions limiting mobility, including dysmobility syndrome, might be useful to identify, among patients with osteoporotic fractures, those who might have a higher risk of a new fragility fracture.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Case-Control Studies; Cholecalciferol; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; Italy; Mobility Limitation; Muscle Weakness; Muscle, Skeletal; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Osteoporotic Fractures; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sarcopenia; Syndrome