cholecalciferol and Prediabetic-State

The role of vitamin D in people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes remains unclear.. To evaluate whether administration of vitamin D decreases risk for diabetes among people with prediabetes.. PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception through 9 December 2022.. Eligible trials that were specifically designed and conducted to test the effects of oral vitamin D versus placebo on new-onset diabetes in adults with prediabetes.. The primary outcome was time to event for new-onset diabetes. Secondary outcomes were regression to normal glucose regulation and adverse events. Prespecified analyses (both unadjusted and adjusted for key baseline variables) were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle.. Three randomized trials were included, which tested cholecalciferol, 20 000 IU (500 mcg) weekly; cholecalciferol, 4000 IU (100 mcg) daily; or eldecalcitol, 0.75 mcg daily, versus matching placebos. Trials were at low risk of bias. Vitamin D reduced risk for diabetes by 15% (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96]) in adjusted analyses, with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 3.3% (CI, 0.6% to 6.0%). The effect of vitamin D did not differ in prespecified subgroups. Among participants assigned to the vitamin D group who maintained an intratrial mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of at least 125 nmol/L (≥50 ng/mL) compared with 50 to 74 nmol/L (20 to 29 ng/mL) during follow-up, cholecalciferol reduced risk for diabetes by 76% (hazard ratio, 0.24 [CI, 0.16 to 0.36]), with a 3-year absolute risk reduction of 18.1% (CI, 11.7% to 24.6%). Vitamin D increased the likelihood of regression to normal glucose regulation by 30% (rate ratio, 1.30 [CI, 1.16 to 1.46]). There was no evidence of difference in the rate ratios for adverse events (kidney stones: 1.17 [CI, 0.69 to 1.99]; hypercalcemia: 2.34 [CI, 0.83 to 6.66]; hypercalciuria: 1.65 [CI, 0.83 to 3.28]; death: 0.85 [CI, 0.31 to 2.36]).. Studies of people with prediabetes do not apply to the general population. Trials may not have been powered for safety outcomes.. In adults with prediabetes, vitamin D was effective in decreasing risk for diabetes.. None. (PROSPERO: CRD42020163522).

Topics: Adult; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glucose; Humans; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

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Observational studies report consistent associations between low vitamin D concentration and increased glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes, but results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are mixed.. The objective of the study was to systematically review RCTs that report on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention.. Sources of data for the study were MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment, and Science Citation Index from inception to June 2013.. Study selection was trials that compared vitamin D3 supplementation with placebo or a non-vitamin D supplement in adults with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes.. Two reviewers collected data and assessed trial quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects models were used to estimate mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios. The main outcomes of interest were homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose, incident diabetes, and adverse events.. Thirty-five trials (43 407 patients) with variable risk of bias were included. Vitamin D had no significant effects on insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: MD -0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.30 to 0.22, I-squared statistic (I(2)) = 45%], insulin secretion (homeostasis model of β-cell function: MD 1.64; 95% CI -25.94 to 29.22, I(2) = 40%), or hemoglobin A1c (MD -0.05%; 95% CI -0.12 to 0.03, I(2) = 55%) compared with controls. Four RCTs reported on the progression to new diabetes and found no effect of vitamin D (odds ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.10, I(2) = 0%). Adverse events were rare, and there was no evidence of publication bias.. Evidence from available trials shows no effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention. Definitive conclusions may be limited in the context of the moderate degree of heterogeneity, variable risk of bias, and short-term follow-up duration of the available evidence to date.

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Homeostasis; Humans; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins

Topics: Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis pathways, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on β-cell function remain unclear.. To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.. This is a prespecified secondary analysis of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes study. Overweight/obese adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes (prediabetes) were randomly treated with vitamin D3 4000 IU or matching placebo daily for 24 months.. Disposition index (DI), as an estimate of β-cell function, was calculated as the product of Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 indices derived from C-peptide values (HOMA2%Scpep) and C-peptide response during the first 30 minutes of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).. Mean age was 60.5 ± 9.8 years and body mass index was 31.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Mean serum 25(OH)D level increased from 27.9 ± 10.3 ng/mL at baseline to 54.9 ng/mL at 2 years in the vitamin D group and was unchanged (28.5 ± 10.0 ng/mL) in the placebo group. The baseline DI predicted incident diabetes independent of the intervention. In the entire cohort, there were no significant differences in changes in DI, HOMA2%Scpep, or C-peptide response between the 2 groups. Among participants with baseline 25(OH)D level <12 ng/mL, the mean percent differences for DI between the vitamin D and placebo groups was 8.5 (95% CI, 0.2-16.8).. Supplementation with vitamin D3 for 24 months did not improve an OGTT-derived index of β-cell function in people with prediabetes not selected based on baseline vitamin D status; however, there was benefit among those with very low baseline vitamin D status.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Incidence; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Prediabetic State; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Data on the efficacy of vitamin D in improving the glycemic status of elderly people with prediabetes are scarce. This open-label, randomized-controlled trial investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic markers of Greek people with prediabetes aged 60 years or above, over 12 months.. Participants were randomized to a weekly vitamin D. Supplemented participants demonstrated a significant increase in 25(OH)D concentrations at 3,      6,      and 12 months     compared to baseline    . In the intervention group, fasting glucose was decreased at 6 months compared to baseline (96.12 ± 5.51 vs 103.40 ± 12.05 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and glycated hemoglobin was significantly lower at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline [5.82 ± 0.21% vs 5.87 ± 0.21%, p = 0.004 and 5.80 ± 0.23% vs 5.87 ± 0.21%, p < 0.001, respectively].. Vitamin D could be complementary to lifestyle change strategy for the management of prediabetes in the elderly.. ISRCTN51643592.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Observational studies have suggested an inverse association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and development of type 2 diabetes. High-quality trials are required to test the hypothesis that vitamin D is a direct contributor to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.. The purpose of this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function in people with prediabetes and suboptimal vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L).. Sixty-six individuals were randomly assigned to receive 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 26 wk. Compliance was monitored by pill count and change in serum 25(OH)D concentration using LC-MS. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in change in IR assessed using a 2-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with infusion of tritiated glucose. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was performed pre- and postintervention to calculate indices of β-cell function. Between-group comparisons were made using ANCOVA.. In total, 64 participants completed the study. Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the vitamin D3 and placebo group were 30.7 and 30.0 nmol/L, with status increasing by 70.5 nmol/L and 5.3 nmol/L, respectively (between-group difference in vitamin D: 65.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: 54.2, 77.3 nmol/L; P < 0.01), after supplementation. There was no difference between groups in measures of whole-body, peripheral, or hepatic IR or in any measure of glycemic control or β-cell function.. This study employed a robust assessment of IR and β-cell function and targeted a high-risk population with low 25(OH)D status at baseline and found that vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on insulin action in people with prediabetes.This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01889810.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State

To establish recruitment approaches that leverage electronic health records in multicenter prediabetes/diabetes clinical trials and compare recruitment outcomes between electronic health record-supported and conventional recruitment methods.. Observational analysis of recruitment approaches in the vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) study, a multicenter trial in participants with prediabetes. Outcomes were adoption of electronic health record-supported recruitment approaches by sites, number of participants screened, recruitment performance (proportion screened who were randomized), and characteristics of participants from electronic health record-supported versus non-electronic health record methods.. In total, 2423 participants were randomized: 1920 from electronic health record (mean age of 60 years, 41% women, 68% White) and 503 from non-electronic health record sources (mean age of 56.9 years, 58% women, 61% White). Electronic health record-supported recruitment was adopted by 21 of 22 sites. Electronic health record-supported recruitment was associated with more participants screened versus non-electronic health record methods (4969 vs 2166 participants screened), higher performance (38.6% vs 22.7%), and more randomizations (1918 vs 505). Participants recruited via electronic health record were older, included fewer women and minorities, and reported higher use of dietary supplements. Electronic health record-supported recruitment was incorporated in diverse clinical environments, engaging clinicians either at the individual or the healthcare system level.. Establishing electronic health record-supported recruitment approaches across a multicenter prediabetes/diabetes trial is feasible and can be adopted by diverse clinical environments.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Electronic Health Records; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Prediabetic State; Research Design

Evidence on biological plausibility from mechanistic studies and data from observational studies suggest that vitamin D may be linked to risk of several types of cancer. However, evidence from clinical trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer risk is limited. The Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study is a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted to examine the causal relationship between oral vitamin D supplementation and development of diabetes among overweight adults with prediabetes. The D2d study provides a unique opportunity to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation at a higher dose (4000 IU/day) than has been used in other clinical trials with cancer outcomes, in a population at higher than average risk for cancer. This paper provides: Krishnan and Feldman (2011) a) baseline characteristics of the D2d population included in the D2d cancer outcomes secondary study (D2dCA) and comparison to other large trials of vitamin D supplementation and cancer risk; Leyssens et al. (2013) b) description of data that are being collected during the trial and the planned statistical analyses to test whether vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 4000 IU/day has an effect on incident cancer overall, on incidence of certain types of cancer, and on incidence of precancerous lesions. Results of D2dCA will help guide future research and clinical recommendations related to vitamin D and cancer risk.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Overweight; Prediabetic State; Proportional Hazards Models; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors

Observational studies support an association between a low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, whether vitamin D supplementation lowers the risk of diabetes is unknown.. We randomly assigned adults who met at least two of three glycemic criteria for prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose level, 100 to 125 mg per deciliter; plasma glucose level 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load, 140 to 199 mg per deciliter; and glycated hemoglobin level, 5.7 to 6.4%) and no diagnostic criteria for diabetes to receive 4000 IU per day of vitamin D. A total of 2423 participants underwent randomization (1211 to the vitamin D group and 1212 to the placebo group). By month 24, the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the vitamin D group was 54.3 ng per milliliter (from 27.7 ng per milliliter at baseline), as compared with 28.8 ng per milliliter in the placebo group (from 28.2 ng per milliliter at baseline). After a median follow-up of 2.5 years, the primary outcome of diabetes occurred in 293 participants in the vitamin D group and 323 in the placebo group (9.39 and 10.66 events per 100 person-years, respectively). The hazard ratio for vitamin D as compared with placebo was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.04; P = 0.12). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups.. Among persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes not selected for vitamin D insufficiency, vitamin D

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; Treatment Failure; Vitamin D; Vitamins

To determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.. This single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomised 96 participants at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to vitamin D3 5000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months.. We assessed at baseline and 6 months: (1) primary aim: peripheral insulin sensitivity (M-value using a 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); (2) secondary aims: other insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S, Matsuda) and insulin secretion (insulinogenic index, C-peptide area under the curve, HOMA2-B) indices using a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); β-cell function (disposition index: M-value × insulinogenic index); fasting and 2-h glucose post OGTT; HbA1c; anthropometry.. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (% or mean ± s.d.): women 38.5%; age 58.7 ± 9.4 years; BMI 32.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; prediabetes 35.8%; diabetes 20.0%; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 51.1 ± 14.2 nmol/L. At 6 months, mean 25(OH)D reached 127.6 ± 26.3 nmol/L and 51.8 ± 16.5 nmol/L in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.001). A beneficial effect of vitamin D3 compared with placebo was observed on M-value (mean change (95% CI): 0.92 (0.24-1.59) vs -0.03 (-0.73 to 0.67); P = 0.009) and disposition index (mean change (95% CI): 267.0 (-343.4 to 877.4) vs -55.5 (-696.3 to 585.3); P = 0.039) after 6 months. No effect was seen on other outcomes.. In individuals at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation for 6 months significantly increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that it may slow metabolic deterioration in this population.

Topics: Aged; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

The rationale of this study was to determine the effect of high-dose vitamin D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk, and recent studies show crosstalk between bone and glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the bone without additional calcium. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether a high dose of vitamin D. The current study was conducted as a secondary research on a previously performed trial, in which 511 subjects with prediabetes were randomized to vitamin D. Two hundred and fifty-six subjects were randomized to vitamin D and 255 to placebo. Mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was 60 nmol/L. Two hundred and two and 214 in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively, completed BMD measurements, whereas one in each group was excluded due to use of bisphosphonates. Males given vitamin D had significantly less reduction in BMD at the femoral neck measurement site compared to the controls (0.000 versus - 0.010 g/cm. Vitamin D

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Femur Neck; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Sex Factors; Vitamin D

Vitamin D may play an important role in modifying the risk of type 2 diabetes. Supplementation with cholecalciferol has been shown to improve β cell function and to attenuate the rise in glycated hemoglobin in people at high risk of diabetes. We examined whether circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) reflect disease progression and/or respond to vitamin D supplementation. We measured plasma levels of select miRNAs implicated in diabetes in people with prediabetes treated either with placebo (n=21) or 2000 U of cholecalciferol daily (n=21) for 4 months in the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus trial and compared the baseline-adjusted changes after correcting for age, body mass index, race, time of study entry (season) and baseline disposition index. Circulating levels of miR-7 (sixfold reduction, P=.01), miR-152 (1.5-fold increase, P=.03), and miR-192 (1.7-fold reduction, P=.026) displayed significant treatment-by-time interactions between the placebo- and the vitamin-D-treated groups. Plasma levels of miR-7 were reduced in the vitamin D and increased in the placebo group. The change in miR-152 positively correlated with the change in levels of the circulating metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=0.33, P=.046) and negatively correlated with the change in glycated hemoglobin (r=-0.37, P=.024). The change in miR-192 positively correlated with the change in fasting glucose (r=0.41, P<.011). In conclusion, reduction of circulating miR-7 and miR-192, accompanied by elevation of miR-152, reflects a beneficial metabolic response to vitamin D treatment in people with prediabetes. These miRNAs may be useful biomarkers in diabetes prevention trials and other studies of vitamin D.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Boston; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Longitudinal Studies; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Risk

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. We conducted a 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effect of 28 000 IU of vitamin D. A total of 71 participants with serum 25(OH)D ≤65 nmol/L, impaired fasting glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin were randomly assigned to receive 28 000 IU of vitamin D. Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D was 48.1 and 47.6 nmol/L in the VitD and placebo groups, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D significantly increased to 98.7 nmol/L (51 nmol/L increase; P < .0001) in the VitD group. No significant differences in fasting ( P = .42) or 2hPC glucose ( P = .55) or other indices of glucose metabolism, including β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, were observed between groups. A subgroup analysis of individuals with 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L and prediabetes did not change these results. The VitD group exhibited a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (-0.27 vs 0.01 mmol/L, P = .03).. Weekly doses of vitamin D

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Prediabetic State; Risk; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; 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There has been conflicting evidence regarding the potential role of vitamin D in glucose homeostasis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of high-dose vitamin D3 treatment on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in subjects with prediabetes or diet-treated type 2 diabetes.. Subjects (n = 44) were randomized to 30,000 IU vitamin D3 once weekly or placebo for 8 weeks. Hyperglycemic clamp assessed first-phase (0-12 min) and second-phase (12-120 min) insulin response, insulin sensitivity, and disposition index (DI). An oral glucose tolerance test assessed glucose tolerance and glycosylated hemoglobin assessed glycemic control.. A total of 21 (vitamin D) and 22 (placebo) subjects completed the study, respectively. Season-adjusted 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were doubled in the active treated group (43-82 nmol/L). No effect of vitamin D treatment, compared with placebo, was seen on first-phase or second-phase insulin secretion. There were no group differences in insulin sensitivity, DI, or any measures of glycemic control. No hypercalcemia or other adverse effects of vitamin D treatment were seen compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses of those with the lowest basal and greatest increase in 25(OH)D levels did not change these results.. This study gives no support for any substantial effect of high-dose vitamin D treatment for 8 weeks in prediabetes or diet-treated type 2 diabetes on β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, or glycemic control.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Vitamins

Epidemiological evidence suggests a role for vitamin D in type 2 diabetes prevention. We investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on glucose metabolism and inflammation in subjects with prediabetes. A 5-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with three arms (placebo, 40 μg/d, or 80 μg/d vitamin D3) was carried out among sixty-eight overweight (BMI 25-35) and aging (≥60 years) subjects from Finland, with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] < 75 nmol/L and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Analyses included 66 subjects who completed the trial. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by fasting and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test-derived indices and glycated hemoglobin. Inflammation was evaluated by high-sensitive C-reactive protein and five cytokines. Although a dose-dependent increase in serum 25(OH)D3 over the supplementation period was observed (P trend < 0.001), there were no other statistically significant differences in changes in the 13 glucose homeostasis indicators between the study groups other than increase in the 120 min glucose concentration (P trend = 0.021) and a decreasing trend both in 30 min plasma insulin (P trend = 0.030) and glycated hemoglobin (P trend = 0.024) concentrations. A borderline statistically significant decreasing trend in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentration was observed (P = 0.070). Vitamin D3 supplementation does not improve glucose metabolism in ageing subjects with prediabetes but may have modest anti-inflammatory effects.

Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Prediabetic State; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

To investigate the effects of vitamin D supplement for three months on anthropometric and glucose homeostatic measures in Thai adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).. Forty-seven IFG and/or IGT subjects enrolled in the study. Subjects were randomized into three groups, control (n = 18), vitamin D₂ (20,000 IU weekly, n = 19) or vitamin D₃ (15,000 IU weekly, n = 10). Anthropometric variables were obtained at baseline and at 3-month. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and at 3-month. Total serum 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D₃, and 25(OH)D2 were measured by LC-MS/MS. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion index (HOMA%B) were calculated by the homeostasis model assessment.. The total 25(OH)D levels significantly increased from baseline in both the vitamin D₂ and the vitamin D₃ groups, while there was no change in the control group. D₃ supplementation raised 25(OH)D₃ significantly (+13.7 ± 4.9 ng/mL, p < 0.01) while D2 increased 25(OH)D2 levels (+25.9?4.2 ng/mL, p<0.001) but with a decrease in 25(OH)D3 (-13.1?3.1 ng/mL, p<0. 001). Subjects were classified into two groups, i.e., control (n = 18) and D₂ or D₃ supplementations (n = 29). After three months, waist circumference (WC) significantly decreased in subjects of vitamin D supplementation group. Body weight (BW p = 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP, p = 0.05), body mass index (BM, p = 0.06), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.09) also tended to decrease. Subjects with an increase of total 25(OH)D levels > 10 ng/mL (23 of 29 subjects) had significant decrease in HOMA-IR and increase in disposition index. Using robust regression analysis, we found the use of D3 was associated with a larger decrease in WC (coefficient = -3.5, p < 0.001) independent of the change in total 25(OH)D and baseline BMI. No difference between D₂ and D₃ was observed for other metabolic measures.. Weekly supplementations of vitamin D₂ (20,000 IU) or vitamin D₃ (15,000 IU) improve metabolic phenotypes in subjects with prediabetes. D₃ supplement may decrease waist circumference more than D₂ supplement.

Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Asian People; Biological Availability; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Drug Monitoring; Ergocalciferols; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prediabetic State; Regression Analysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

Vitamin D(3) belongs to the few nutritional compounds that has, via the binding of its metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) to the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR), a direct effect on gene regulation. The relation of thousands of genomic VDR-binding sites to a few hundred primary 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) target genes is still largely unresolved. We studied chromatin domains containing genes for the adhesion molecules CD97 and LRRC8A, the glucose transporter SLC37A2 and the coactivator NRIP1. These domains vary significantly in size (7.3 to 956 kb) but contain each one major VDR-binding site. In monocytic cells these four sites are associated with open chromatin and occupied by VDR, while in macrophage-like cells only the sites of LRRC8A, SLC37A2 and NRIP1 are accessible and receptor bound. The VDR site of CD97 does, in contrast to the three other loci, not carry any DR3-type binding sequence. CD97, LRRC8A, SLC37A2 and NRIP1 are early responding 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) target genes in monocytic cells, while in macrophage-like cells they respond less and, in part, delayed. In primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 71 prediabetic subjects of a vitamin D(3) intervention study (VitDmet) CD97, LRRC8A, SLC37A2 and NRIP1 can be used as transcriptomic biomarkers for classifying human individuals for their possible benefit from vitamin D(3) supplementation. In particular, NRIP1 exceeds the potential of the previously identified marker CD14 by more than 40% and seems to be a well-suited molecular marker for the vitamin D(3) status in the hematopoietic system.

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Aged; Antiporters; Binding Sites; Biomarkers; Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Chromatin; fas Receptor; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Nuclear Proteins; Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1; Prediabetic State; Receptors, Calcitriol

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Because many non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands are vitamin D deficient, obese, and at high risk of diabetes, vitamin D supplementation may contribute to prevent diabetes and insulin resistance.. We examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β cell function in overweight, vitamin D-deficient, non-Western immigrants at high risk of diabetes.. The study was a 16-wk, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 130 non-Western immigrants with prediabetes (fasting glucose concentration >5.5 mmol/L or random glucose concentration from 7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L) and vitamin D deficiency (serum 25[OH]D concentration <50 nmol/L) were randomly assigned after stratification by sex to receive either cholecalciferol (1200 IU/d) or a placebo for 16 wk. All participants received 500 mg Ca/d as calcium carbonate. The primary outcome was the difference in the area under the curve of insulin and glucose after a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test after 4 mo of treatment. Secondary outcomes were insulin-sensitivity variables, β cell-function variables, and metabolic syndrome.. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly in the vitamin D compared with placebo groups. After 4 mo of therapy, the mean between-group difference was 38 nmol/L (95% CI: 32.1, 43.9 nmol/L; P < 0.001). There was no significant effect on insulin sensitivity and β cell function. In a post hoc analysis, when patients with diabetes at baseline were excluded, a significant increase in the insulinogenic index was observed in participants who obtained a 25(OH)D concentration ≥60 nmol/L (P = 0.040).. Vitamin D supplementation in non-Western vitamin D-deficient immigrants with prediabetes did not improve insulin sensitivity or β cell function or change the incidence of metabolic syndrome. However, after the exclusion of diabetic subjects, an improvement in the insulinogenic index was observed in participants who obtained a 25(OH)D concentration ≥60 nmol/L. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR1827.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Obesity; Overweight; Prediabetic State; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult

In observational studies, low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.. We present 1-year data from an ongoing 5-year trial in 511 individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) randomly assigned to 20,000 IU/week vitamin D3 or placebo. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and after 1 year.. Mean baseline serum 25(OH)D was 59.9 nmol/L and 61.1 nmol/L in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively, and increased by 45.8 nmol/L and 3.4 nmol/L, respectively. With adjustment for baseline concentrations, no differences in measures of glucose metabolism, insulin secretion or sensitivity, blood pressure, or hs-CRP were found after 1 year. There was a slight, but significant decrease in total and LDL cholesterol in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group, but as there was also a decrease in HDL cholesterol, the change in the total/HDL cholesterol ratio did not differ significantly. Only analyzing subjects with 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L did not change the results.. This study shows that vitamin D supplementation does not improve glycemic indices, blood pressure, or lipid status in subjects with IFG and/or IGT.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Young Adult

Based on the growing evidence of risk reduction from fresh fruit and vegetable consumption and an inverse relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we determined the benefits of regularly consuming vitamin D-enriched mushrooms in a prediabetic cohort. Exposing edible mushrooms to ultraviolet B (UVB) light increases vitamin D2 (D2) and raises serum 25OHD2 in healthy young adults; however, their benefit to deficient prediabetics and glucose metabolism remains untested.. Forty-three prediabetic, D-deficient adults (25OHD≤20 ng/ml), BMI>25 were randomized to four groups consuming daily entrées containing 100 g fresh sliced cooked mushrooms prepared by a chef for 16 weeks. Two groups were fed UVB-treated mushrooms initially containing: 600 IU D2 or 4000 IU D2; each one also received one capsule of placebo daily. Two control groups were fed untreated mushrooms and D3 dietary supplements at two label doses: 600 IU D3 and 4000 IU D3. D2 and D3 content were analyzed in mushrooms, before and after cooking and in over-the-counter supplements.. After 16 weeks, both D2-UVB-mushroom entrée doses, which were significantly lower after cooking, produced modest or no increases in 25OHD2 or total 25OHD relative to the positive control subjects who actually consumed about 1242 and 7320 IU per day of D3 (higher than stated on the label).. Unanticipated D2 cooking loss from fresh UVB mushrooms and probable low absorption and/or hydroxylation may explain the smaller increase in 25OHD2 in our prediabetic overweight/obese cohort compared with past findings in younger, healthy subjects. Moreover, no dose or vitamin D source was associated with modifying T2D risk factors.

Topics: Adult; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological Availability; Cholecalciferol; Cooking; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D Deficiency

Observational studies suggest that vitamin D may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, data from long-term trials are lacking. The Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study is a randomized clinical trial designed to examine whether a causal relationship exists between vitamin D supplementation and the development of diabetes in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.. D2d was designed with support from a U34 planning grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The final protocol was approved by the D2d Research Group, the data and safety monitoring board, and NIDDK. Key eligibility criteria are age ≥30 years, BMI of 24 (22.5 for Asian Americans) to 42 kg/m(2), increased risk for diabetes (defined as meeting two of three glycemic criteria for prediabetes established by the American Diabetes Association [fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL (5.5-6.9 mmol/L), 2-h postload glucose after 75-g glucose load 140-199 mg/dL (7.7-11.0 mmol/L), hemoglobin A₁c 5.7-6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol)]), and no hyperparathyroidism, nephrolithiasis, or hypercalcemia. D2d participants are randomized to once-daily vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol 4,000 IU) or placebo and followed for an average of 3 years. The primary end point is time to incident diabetes as assessed by laboratory criteria during the study or by adjudication if diagnosed outside of D2d. Recruitment was initiated at the end of 2013.. D2d will test whether vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective at lowering the risk of progression to diabetes in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Prediabetic State; Research Design; Treatment Outcome

To examine whether combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell function, inflammation and metabolic markers.. 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial.. Ninety-five adults with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≤55 nmol/L at risk of type 2 diabetes (with prediabetes or an AUSDRISK score ≥15) were randomized. Analyses included participants who completed the baseline and final visits (treatment n = 35; placebo n = 45).. Daily calcium carbonate (1,200 mg) and cholecalciferol [2,000-6,000 IU to target 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L] or matching placebos for 6 months.. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S, Matsuda index), insulin secretion (insulinogenic index, area under the curve (AUC) for C-peptide) and β-cell function (Matsuda index x AUC for C-peptide) derived from a 75 g 2-h OGTT; anthropometry; blood pressure; lipid profile; hs-CRP; TNF-α; IL-6; adiponectin; total and undercarboxylated osteocalcin.. Participants were middle-aged adults (mean age 54 years; 69% Europid) at risk of type 2 diabetes (48% with prediabetes). Compliance was >80% for calcium and vitamin D. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration increased from 48 to 95 nmol/L in the treatment group (91% achieved >75 nmol/L), but remained unchanged in controls. There were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function, or in inflammatory and metabolic markers between or within the groups, before or after adjustment for potential confounders including waist circumference and season of recruitment. In a post hoc analysis restricted to participants with prediabetes, a significant beneficial effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S and Matsuda) was observed.. Daily vitamin D and calcium supplementation for 6 months may not change OGTT-derived measures of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function in multi-ethnic adults with low vitamin D status at risk of type 2 diabetes. However, in participants with prediabetes, supplementation with vitamin D and calcium may improve insulin sensitivity.. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609000043235.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Pilot Projects; Prediabetic State; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. African Americans tend to have poor vitamin D status and increased risk of diabetes, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on components of diabetes risk have not been tested in this group. This study was conducted to determine whether vitamin D supplementation improves insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glycaemia in African Americans with prediabetes or early diabetes.. In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we examined the effect of 4000 IU/day vitamin D(3,) on glycaemia and contributing measures including insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and the disposition index over 12 weeks in 89 overweight or obese African Americans with prediabetes or early diabetes. Outcome measures were derived from oral glucose tolerance testing.. Mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was about 40 nmol/l in the placebo and vitamin D groups at baseline and increased to 81 nmol/l with supplementation. Insulin sensitivity decreased by 4% in the vitamin D group compared with a 12% increase in the placebo group (p = 0.034). Insulin secretion increased by 12% in the vitamin D group compared with a 2% increase in the placebo group (p = 0.024), but changes in the disposition index were similar across groups. There was no effect of supplementation on post-load glucose or other measures of glycaemia.. Supplementation with 4000 IU/day vitamin D(3) successfully corrected vitamin D insufficiency and had divergent effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity with no overall effect on disposition index or glycaemia. In this study, vitamin D supplementation for 3 months did not change the pathophysiology of prediabetes in overweight and obese African Americans.

Topics: Black or African American; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Prediabetes is a condition of intermediate hyperglycemia that may progress to type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency has been frequently linked to insulin resistance and diabetes. The study aimed to investigate the role of D supplementation and its possible mechanism of action on insulin resistance in prediabetic rats.. The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats that were randomly divided into 6 rats as healthy controls and 18 prediabetic rats. Prediabetic rats were induced with a high-fat and high-glucose diet (HFD-G) combined with a low dose of streptozotocin. Rats with the prediabetic condition were then randomized into three groups of 12-week treatment: one group that received no treatment, one that received vitamin D3 at 100 IU/kg BW, and one group that received vitamin D3 at 1000 IU/kg BW. The high-fat and high-glucose diets were continuously given throughout the twelve weeks of treatment. At the end of the supplementation period, glucose control parameters, inflammatory markers, and the expressions of IRS1, PPARγ, NF-κB, and IRS1 were measured.. Vitamin D3 dose-dependently improves glucose control parameters, as shown by the reduction of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated albumin, insulin levels, and markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Upon histological analysis, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a reduction of the islet of Langerhans degeneration. Vitamin D also enhanced the ratio of IL-6/IL-10, reduced IRS1 phosphorylation at Ser307, increased expression of PPAR gamma, and reduced phosphorylation of NF-KB p65 at Ser536.. Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in prediabetic rats. The reduction might be due to the effects of vitamin D on IRS, PPARγ, and NF-κB expression.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Insulin Resistance; Male; NF-kappa B; PPAR gamma; Prediabetic State; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Prediabetic State; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D. We analyzed female LDLR. The groups on a high fat high sugar diet with supplementary Vitamin D. In summary, Vitamin D

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Female; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Prediabetic State; Receptors, LDL

Vitamin D3 is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that has via activation of the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) a direct effect on the expression of more than 100 genes. The aim of this study was to find transcriptomic and clinical biomarkers that are most suited to identify vitamin D3 responders within 71 pre-diabetic subjects during a 5-month intervention study (VitDmet). In hematopoietic cells, the genes ASAP2, CAMP, CD14, CD97, DUSP10, G0S2, IL8, LRRC8A, NINJ1, NRIP1, SLC37A2 and THBD are known as primary vitamin D targets. We demonstrate that each of these 12 genes carries a conserved VDR binding site within its genomic region and is expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The changes in the expression of these genes in human PBMCs at the start and the end of the vitamin D-intervention were systematically correlated with the alteration in the circulating form of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). Only 39-44 (55-62%) of the study subjects showed a highly significant response to vitamin D3, i.e., we considered them as "responders". In comparison, we found for 37-53 (52-75%) of the participants that only 12 biochemical and clinical parameters, such as concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and insulin, or computed values, such as homeostatic model assessment and insulin sensitivity index, show a correlation with serum 25(OH)D3 levels that is as high as that of the selected VDR target genes. All 24 parameters together described the pleiotropic vitamin D response of the VitDmet study subjects. Interestingly, they demonstrated a number of additional correlations that define a network, in which PTH plays the central role. In conclusion, vitamin D3-induced changes in human PBMCs can be described by transcriptomic and serum biomarkers and allow a segregation into high and low responders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop' .

Topics: Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Cholecalciferol; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Multigene Family; Prediabetic State; Receptors, Calcitriol; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Vitamins

To assess in a population deprived from regular dental care the relationship between alveolar bone loss (ABL) and environmental/systemic conditions.. The study population consisted of subjects from the Purbasari tea estate on West Java, Indonesia. A full set of dental radiographs was obtained of each subject and amount of ABL was assessed. In addition, the following parameters were evaluated: plasma vitamin C, vitamin D3 , HbA1c and CRP, the haptoglobin phenotype, presence of putative periodontopathic bacteria and viruses, dietary habits, smoking and anthropometrics.. In this population 45% showed vitamin C depletion/deficiency, 82% had vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, 70% were in a pre-diabetic state, 6% had untreated diabetes, 21% had elevated CRP values ranging from 3.1 to 16.1 mg/l. Results of the regression analysis, including all above mentioned parameters, showed four significant predictors, explaining 19.8% of the variance of ABL. Number of Porphyromonas gingivalis cells and CRP values showed a positive relationship with ABL, whereas BMI and number of guava fruit servings were negatively related.. Results confirm previous findings that elevated levels of P. gingivalis may be indicative for periodontitis progression. A new finding is that guava fruit consumption may play a protective role in periodontitis in a malnourished population.

Topics: Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus; Environment; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Haptoglobins; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prediabetic State; Psidium; Smoking; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholecalciferol; Fasting; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Prediabetic State

Vitamin D has in vitro and in vivo effects on β cells and insulin sensitivity. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been associated with the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). However, studies involving supplementation of vitamin D in subjects with previously established diabetes have demonstrated inconsistent effects on insulin sensitivity. The aim of this open-label study was to assess the effects of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity in subjects with VDD and impaired fasting glucose. We studied 8 subjects with VDD and prediabetes with the modified, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance (mFSIGT) test before and after vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D3 was administered as 10,000 IU daily for 4 weeks. The mFSIGT was analyzed with MinMod Millennium (purchased from Dr. Richard Bergman, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, Calif) to obtain estimates of acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin sensitivity (SI), and disposition index (DI). We found that AIRg decreased (P = 0.011) and SI increased (P = 0.012) after a intervention with vitamin D. If these findings are repeated in a randomized, double-blind study, the results indicate that orally administered high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and suggests that high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation might provide an inexpensive public health measure in preventing, or at least delaying, the progression from impaired fasting glucose to diabetes.

Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Fasting; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Prediabetic State; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency