cholecalciferol and Plant-Poisoning

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Plant Poisoning; Solanaceous Alkaloids

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Calcinosis; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cattle; Chickens; Cholecalciferol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Horses; Humans; Phosphorus; Plant Poisoning; Plants; Rabbits; Rats; Species Specificity

Further studies of mimosine toxicity in broiler chicks were done to clarify a possibility of osteopathy. The mineral content and density of femur and the strength, ductility, and toughness for the index of mechanical properties significantly decreased in the 1% mimosine group, compared with those in the control and restricted groups. The stiffness had a decreasing tendency in the 1% mimosine group. Consequently, it was concluded that chicks fed ad libitum a 1% mimosine diet for 12 days developed osteopathy. The bone mineral density and the strength of the restricted group were lower than those of the control group, and those of the 1% mimosine group were still lower than those of the restricted group. Contents of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in the excrement were significantly higher in the restricted group than those in the control group, but the contents in the 1% mimosine group were significantly lowest among the groups. Osteopathy in chicks fed mimosine, therefore, seemed to be done by loss of appetite and changing to a low turnover of bone caused by mimosine.

Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcifediol; Calcium; Chickens; Cholecalciferol; Corticosterone; Fabaceae; Femur; Iron; Magnesium; Male; Mimosine; Organ Size; Osteoporosis; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Medicinal; Zinc

A review is given of the literature concerning the so-called plant induced calcinosis in animals (tabel I), i.e. diseases which in their patological-anatomical appearance show great similarities with vit. D-intoxication. The etiology of the diseases are discussed in view of the last 5--10 years rapid development of knowledge concerning vit. D3 metabolism. It is pointed out that the most recent results indicate that enzootic calcinosis is caused by a 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol-glycoside, which is hydrolysed in the intestinal tract. By this reaction 1.25 (OH) 2 cholecalciferol--the biological active metabolite of vit. D3 -- is set free, and thus able to act directly on the intestinal absorption mechanism. By this reaction the point of calcium metabolism regulation is essentially by-passed and calcium and phosphate absorption proceeds essentially out of control, causing hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypersecretion of calcitonin and calcinosis.

Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cholecalciferol; Kidney; Plant Poisoning; Time Factors; Vitamin D

Young rabbits on high (0.57%) or low (0.24%) calcium were given an aqueous extract of Solanum malacoxylon (S.m.) leaves (20 g dried leaves/200 ml distilled water) intragastrically at 0, 12 and 36 hours. On bothe diets S.m. induced progressive hypophosphatasemia but serum calcium and phosphorus underwent only minor changes. In rabbits necropsied at 0, 12, 36, 60, 84 and 108 hours, S.m. was shown to have a negative effect on the resorbing osteocytes. With retarded osteocytic osteolysis, osteopetrosis resulted. Further regressive changes in the osteocytes resulted in osteonecrosis which was observed within 12 hours after administration of S.m. extract. The osteonecrosis, combined with retarded apposition, later resulted in osteopenia. It was concluded that the recommended dietary calcium for growing rabbits--about 0.6%--is too high. Whereas the histologic appearance of bone in rabbits fed low calcium was normal, bones from rabbits on high calcium showed retarded resorption and the rabbits had a relative hypophosphatasemia.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Female; Male; Osteonecrosis; Osteopetrosis; Phosphorus; Plant Extracts; Plant Poisoning; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Plant Extracts; Plant Poisoning; Plants; Rats; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, Paper; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Plant Extracts; Plant Poisoning; Plants; Rabbits; Solvents