cholecalciferol and Metabolic-Diseases

Vitamin D

Topics: Animals; Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Drug Design; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Ligands; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Patents as Topic; Receptors, Calcitriol

The cytochrome P450 superfamily consists of a large number of heme-containing monooxygenases. Many human P450s metabolize drugs used to treat human diseases. Others are necessary for synthesis of endogenous compounds essential for human physiology. In some instances, alterations in specific P450s affect the biological processes that they mediate and lead to a disease. In this minireview, we describe medically significant human P450s (from families 2, 4, 7, 11, 17, 19, 21, 24, 27, 46, and 51) and the diseases associated with these P450s.

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Eicosanoids; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Mutation; Steroids

Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. VDUP1 is induced by a variety of stresses. Inversely, VDUP1 is often reduced in various tumor tissues and cell lines. Over-expression of VDUP1 inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest. VDUP1 interacts with thioredoxin (Trx) and negatively regulates the expression and antioxidant function of Trx which is involved in redox regulation. VDUP1-/- mice are more susceptible to carcinogenesis than wild-type mice and are defective in establishing immune system including the development and function of natural killer cells. Furthermore, VDUP1-/- mice show impaired Kreb cycle-mediated fatty acid utilization. In this review, we have discussed the multifunctional roles of VDUP1 in diverse cellular responses, in particular its relation to proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and diseases such as cancer and stress-related diseases.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cholecalciferol; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Metabolic Diseases; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Thioredoxins

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biliary Tract; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Child; Cholecalciferol; Enzyme Induction; Epilepsy; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney; Liver; Metabolic Diseases; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Tritium; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

To assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol) on the insulin sensitivity and metabolic health of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).. Twenty-eight adult patients with CKD stages 3-4 were recruited from the outpatient department of the Princess Alexandra Hospital (Brisbane, Australia) to a double-blind randomized trial of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU/day or placebo for 6 months. Metabolic parameters at baseline were compared with 20 non-CKD adults. The primary outcome was an improvement in insulin resistance (glucose disposal rate, GDR) at 6 months (quantified by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp). Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates were assessed by indirect calorimetry.. At baseline, patients were significantly insulin-resistant compared with lean younger non-CKD individuals (n = 9; GDR 3.42 vs. 5.76 mg/kg per minute, P = 0.001), but comparable with their age-, gender- and weight-matched non-CKD counterparts (n = 11; 3.42 vs. 3.98 mg/kg per minute, P = 0.4). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D did not change in the placebo group, but rose from 95 ± 37 to 146 ± 25 nmol/L with treatment (P = 0.0001). Post treatment, there was no difference in GDR between groups (GDR 3.38 vs. 3.52 mg/kg per minute, ancova P = 0.4). There was a relative increase in hyperinsulinaemic oxidative disposal of glucose with treatment (within-group P = 0.03).. Supplementation with cholecalciferol in CKD 3-4 results in appreciable increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, but does not increase insulin sensitivity. The insulin resistance observed was similar among age-, sex- and body mass index-matched individuals with and without CKD. Whether renal dysfunction per se has any influence on the insulin sensitivity of an individual should be the subject of future work.

Topics: Aged; Cholecalciferol; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Failure; Vitamins

The generic term "Renal Osteodystrophy" is used to denote a complex of skeletal and metabolic impairments found in nephropathic patients. Neither dialytic treatment nor transplant is always capable of limiting the worsening evolution; transplantation, on the contrary, while it does not in many cases bring the phospho-calcic metabolism back to full normality, introduces new elements of imbalance arising as a result of the inevitable immunosuppressive therapy. After outlining the main post-transplant metabolic problems, the Authors discuss the manifestations of orthopaedic interest, in particular the most severe complication, i.e. aseptic necrosis.

Topics: Cholecalciferol; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Femur Head Necrosis; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Metabolic Diseases; Nephrotic Syndrome; Osteonecrosis; Osteosclerosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Postoperative Complications; Radiography

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Diseases; Calcitonin; Child; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Metabolic Diseases; New Zealand; Organophosphonates; Osteitis Deformans; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Sarcoidosis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Bile; Biological Transport; Calcium; Carbon Isotopes; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Liver Cirrhosis; Metabolic Diseases; Time Factors; Tritium