cholecalciferol and Malnutrition

Maternal and perinatal undernutrition affects the lung development of litters and it may produce long-lasting alterations in respiratory health. This can be demonstrated using animal models and epidemiological studies. During pregnancy, maternal diet controls lung development by direct and indirect mechanisms. For sure, food intake and caloric restriction directly influence the whole body maturation and the lung. In addition, the maternal food intake during pregnancy controls mother, placenta, and fetal endocrine systems that regulate nutrient uptake and distribution to the fetus and pulmonary tissue development. There are several hormones involved in metabolic regulations, which may play an essential role in lung development during pregnancy. This review focuses on the effect of metabolic hormones in lung development and in how undernutrition alters the hormonal environment during pregnancy to disrupt normal lung maturation. We explore the role of GLP-1, ghrelin, and leptin, and also retinoids and cholecalciferol as hormones synthetized from diet precursors. Finally, we also address how metabolic hormones altered during pregnancy may affect lung pathophysiology in the adulthood.

Topics: Animals; Cholecalciferol; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Hormones; Humans; Leptin; Lung; Malnutrition; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Retinoids; Tretinoin

Nutritional supplements have been used for correction of deficiencies that may occur in patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to improve core symptoms. We aim to provide current best evidence about supplements for nutritional deficiencies and core symptoms in children with ASD and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety.. A systematic literature search of scientific databases was performed to retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials. Risk of bias was assessed for each study.. 18 randomized controlled trials of five supplements were included. B6/Mg was not helpful for improving ASD symptoms (seven RCTs). Two RCTs of methyl B12 reported some improvement in ASD severity but the effects on the correction of deficiencies were inconclusive. Two RCTs of vitamin D. Current evidence for the use of supplements for correcting nutritional deficiencies in children with ASD and to improve the symptoms is little. More studies are needed.

Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cholecalciferol; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Malnutrition; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

The objective of this extension phase of the quasi-experimental GERIA-COVID study was to determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation taken prior to or during COVID-19 was associated with better 3-month survival in geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19.. Intervention group was defined as all participants supplemented with vitamin D3 prior to or during COVID-19 (n = 67). Supplements were either bolus vitamin D3 (ie, 50,000 IU per month, or 80,000 IU or 100,000 IU or 200,000 IU every 2-3 months), or daily supplementation with 800 IU. Comparator group involved those without vitamin D supplements (n = 28). Outcome was 3-month mortality. Covariables were age, sex, functional abilities, history of malignancies, cardiomyopathy, undernutrition, number of acute health issues, antibiotics use, systemic corticosteroids use, and 25(OH)D concentration.. 76.1 % (n = 51) of participants survived at 3 months in Intervention group, compared to only 53.6 % (n = 15) in Comparator group (P = 0.03). The fully-adjusted hazard ratio for 3-month mortality was HR = 0.23 [95 %CI: 0.09;0.58](P = 0.002) in Intervention group compared to Comparator group. Intervention group had also longer survival time (log-rank P = 0.008).. Vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with better 3-month survival in older COVID-19 patients.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cardiomyopathies; Case-Control Studies; Cholecalciferol; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Health Services for the Aged; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Neoplasms; Proportional Hazards Models; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Older people are vulnerable to malnutrition which leads to increased health care costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nutritional supplementation from a societal perspective.. This randomized controlled trial included hospital admitted malnourished elderly (≥ 60 y) patients. Patients in the intervention group received nutritional supplementation (energy and protein enriched diet, oral nutritional support, calcium-vitamin D supplement, telephone counselling by a dietician) until three months after discharge from hospital. Patients in the control group received usual care (control). Primary outcomes were Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), physical activities and functional limitations. Measurements were performed at hospital admission and three months after discharge. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle and multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated and bootstrapping was applied to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness was expressed by cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.. 210 patients were included, 105 in each group. After three months, no statistically significant differences in quality of life and physical activities were observed between groups. Functional limitations decreased significantly more in the intervention group (mean difference -0.72, 95% CI-1.15; -0.28). There were no differences in costs between groups. Cost-effectiveness for QALYs and physical activities could not be demonstrated. For functional limitations we found a 0.95 probability that the intervention is cost-effective in comparison with usual care for ceiling ratios > €6500.. A multi-component nutritional intervention to malnourished elderly patients for three months after hospital discharge leads to significant improvement in functional limitations and is neutral in costs. A follow-up of three months is probably too short to detect changes in QALYs or physical activities.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Energy Intake; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Nutritional Support; Patient Compliance; Patient Discharge; Quality of Life; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome

Young women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have a normal vitamin D status. The bioavailability of vitamin D during malnutrition is unknown.. The objective of the study was to examine the serum response to oral ergocalciferol in AN.. This was a prospective cohort study, conducted in 2007-2009 at a tertiary care center.. Twelve adolescents with AN (age 19.6 ± 2.0 yr, body mass index 16.5 ± 1.4 kg/m²) and 12 matched healthy controls (20.0 ± 2.4 yr, 22.7 ± 1.0 kg/m²) received one baseline 50,000 IU oral dose of ergocalciferol.. Serum D₂, D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, collected before ingestion, at 6 and 24 h and weekly for 4 wk, and body composition measures were measured.. The AN group was severely malnourished (77.2 ± 6.3% median body weight), whereas the control group was normal weighted (106.2 ± 6.2%). From a common baseline D₂ (1.5 ± 1.6 nmol/liter, P =0.34) the groups diverged (time × group interaction P = 0.04), peaking at 70 ± 34 nmol/liter at 6 h in controls compared with 43 ± 28 nmol/liter in AN subjects (P = 0.008). The D₂ trajectories converged at 24 h (57 nmol/liter, P = 0.98) and returned to near baseline at 1 wk. Baseline D₃ was higher in AN subjects (12.1 ± 9.6 vs. 3.1 ± 2.3 nmol/liter, P < 0.001) and remained higher throughout. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D followed a common trajectory (time × group interaction P = 0.15), rising to 45 ± 10 nmol/liter at 24 h but returning to baseline by wk 3 (P = 0.36). Correlating vitamin D levels with fat measures (body mass index, body fat) produced similar findings.. Despite severe malnutrition, young women with AN had a similar bioavailability of oral ergocalciferol as the healthy-weighted controls. Vitamin D dosing for patients suffering from malnutrition may not differ from that for normal-weighted adolescents.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Cohort Studies; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Malnutrition; Parathyroid Hormone; Prospective Studies; Vitamins; Young Adult