cholecalciferol and Depressive-Disorder

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cholecalciferol; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Cytokines; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Inflammation Mediators

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Nutritional Requirements; Osteoporotic Fractures; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D have been associated with higher risk for depression later in life, but there have been few long-term, high-dose large-scale trials.. To test the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on late-life depression risk and mood scores.. There were 18 353 men and women aged 50 years or older in the VITAL-DEP (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial-Depression Endpoint Prevention) ancillary study to VITAL, a randomized clinical trial of cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention among 25 871 adults in the US. There were 16 657 at risk for incident depression (ie, no depression history) and 1696 at risk for recurrent depression (ie, depression history but no treatment for depression within the past 2 years). Randomization occurred from November 2011 through March 2014; randomized treatment ended on December 31, 2017, and this was the final date of follow-up.. Randomized assignment in a 2 × 2 factorial design to vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d of cholecalciferol) and fish oil or placebo; 9181 were randomized to vitamin D3 and 9172 were randomized to matching placebo.. The primary outcomes were the risk of depression or clinically relevant depressive symptoms (total of incident and recurrent cases) and the mean difference in mood scores (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale [PHQ-8]; score range, 0 points [least symptoms] to 24 points [most symptoms]; the minimal clinically important difference for change in scores was 0.5 points).. Among the 18 353 randomized participants (mean age, 67.5 [SD, 7.1] years; 49.2% women), the median treatment duration was 5.3 years and 90.5% completed the trial (93.5% among those alive at the end of the trial). Risk of depression or clinically relevant depressive symptoms was not significantly different between the vitamin D3 group (609 depression or clinically relevant depressive symptom events; 12.9/1000 person-years) and the placebo group (625 depression or clinically relevant depressive symptom events; 13.3/1000 person-years) (hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.09]; P = .62); there were no significant differences between groups in depression incidence or recurrence. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups for change in mood scores over time; mean change in PHQ-8 score was not significantly different from zero (mean difference for change in mood scores, 0.01 points [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.05 points]).. Among adults aged 50 years or older without clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline, treatment with vitamin D3 compared with placebo did not result in a statistically significant difference in the incidence and recurrence of depression or clinically relevant depressive symptoms or for change in mood scores over a median follow-up of 5.3 years. These findings do not support the use of vitamin D3 in adults to prevent depression.. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01169259 and NCT01696435.

Topics: Affect; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamins

Osteoporosis is associated with both lower health-related quality of life and depression in older people. We examined the independent and combined effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin D. In this 12-month, factorial design randomized controlled trial, 180 healthy community-dwelling men aged 50-79 years with normal to below average bone mineral density were allocated into one of four groups: exercise + fortified milk; exercise; fortified milk; or controls. Exercise consisted of high-intensity resistance training with weight-bearing exercise (3 days per week; 60-75 min per session). Men assigned to fortified milk consumed 400 ml/day of low-fat milk containing 1000 mg/day calcium and 800IU/day vitamin D. Mean adherence to the exercise program and fortified milk was 67% (95% CI 61, 73%) and 90% (95% CI 86, 93%), respectively. There were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions nor main effects of exercise or calcium-vitamin D for any of the HR-QoL measures or depressive symptoms.. In healthy community-dwelling older men, exercise training and/or calcium-vitamin D fortified milk did not improve HR-QoL or depressive symptoms.

Topics: Aged; Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Cholecalciferol; Combined Modality Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Exercise Therapy; Food, Fortified; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Milk; Quality of Life; Vitamins

To compare depressive symptoms in participants with low and high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and to examine whether supplementation with vitamin D(3) would improve symptoms in those with low serum 25(OH)D levels.. Participants with low 25(OH)D levels were randomised to either placebo or 40 000 IU vitamin D(3) per week for 6 months. Individuals with high serum 25(OH)D levels were used as nested controls. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Seasonal Pattern Assessment Scale and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00960232).. Participants with low 25(OH)D levels (n = 230) at baseline were more depressed (P<0.05) than participants with high 25(OH)D levels (n = 114). In the intervention study no significant effect of high-dose vitamin D was found on depressive symptom scores when compared with placebo.. Low levels of serum 25(OH)D are associated with depressive symptoms, but no effect was found with vitamin D supplementation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cholecalciferol; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

A low plasma 25-OH vitamin D3 level is a universal risk factor for a wide range of diseases and has also been implicated in late-life depression. It is currently unknown whether the biologically active form of vitamin D, that is, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3, is also decreased in late-life depression, or whether vitamin D levels correlate with specific depression characteristics. We determined plasma 25-OH vitamin D3, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and parathormone levels in 355 depressed older persons and 124 non-depressed comparison subjects (age 60 years). Psychopathology was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1, together with potential confounders and depression characteristics (severity, symptom profile, age of onset, recurrence, chronicity and antidepressant drug use). Adjusted for confounders, depressed patients had significantly lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D33 (Cohen's d =0.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.49), P=0.033) as well as 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (Cohen's d =0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.70), P<0.001) than comparison subjects. Of all depression characteristics tested, only the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) was significantly correlated with lower 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 levels (Cohen's d =0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-1.19), P<0.001), but not its often measured precursor 25-OH vitamin D3. As vitamin D levels were significantly lower after adjustment for confounders, vitamin D might have an aetiological role in late-life depression. Differences between depressed and non-depressed subjects were largest for the biologically active form of vitamin D. The differential impact of TCAs on 25-OH vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 levels suggests modulation of 1-α-hydroxylase and/or 24-hydroxylase, which may in turn have clinical implications for biological ageing mechanisms in late-life depression.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Cholecalciferol; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged

This editorial critiques the recent literature concerning both vitamin D deficiency in major depression and supplementation as a treatment strategy, and contextualises it within a broader approach to the prevention of depression, based on the recent evidence for lifestyle as a risk factor for depression and anxiety.

Topics: Cholecalciferol; Depressive Disorder; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins