cholecalciferol and Calcium-Metabolism-Disorders

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Diuretics; Extracellular Space; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Hypercalcemia; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mineralocorticoids; Parathyroid Hormone; Sodium

Topics: Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Fanconi Syndrome; Fractures, Bone; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Kidney Calculi; Nephrocalcinosis; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Sarcoidosis

Extensive experimental evidence has established a significant role of calciferol in the maintenance of normal calcium homeostasis. Present knowledge indicates that vitamin D(3) must first be converted to 25-OH-D(3) and then to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), the most active known form of the steroid. Many of the factors regulating the rate of production of this last steroid from its precurser have been evaluated, and the concept that vitamin D functions as a steroid hormone seems to be well established. Deranged action of calciferol, caused by impaired metabolism of the steroid or through altered sensitivity of target tissues, may be involved in the pathophysiology of several disease states with abnormal calcium metabolism. It is noted that liver disease, osteomalacia due to anticonvulsant therapy, chronic renal failure, hypophosphatemic rickets, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis and idiopathic hypercalciuria have possible relation to alterations in metabolism or action of vitamin D. The future clinical availability of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and other analogs of this steroid may offer potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of certain of the disease entities discussed.

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Collagen; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hyperparathyroidism; Hypoparathyroidism; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Sarcoidosis; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Aortic Valve Stenosis; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Hypercalcemia; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Infant; Kidney; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Skin; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Bone Diseases; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Enzyme Induction; Epilepsy; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liver; Phenobarbital; Phenytoin; Rats; Swine

Topics: Binding Sites; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Female; Hypocalcemia; Rickets; Tritium; Vitamin D

Gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor gene have recently been identified as a cause of familial hypercalciuric hypocalcemia. There have been no earlier reported cases of pregnancy among patients with this disorder.. A 26-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, was diagnosed at age 18 as being a heterozygous carrier of a mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor gene. Stable maternal hypocalcemia was achieved during pregnancy with high-dose calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy. Prenatal diagnosis was accomplished via amniocentesis at 16 weeks' gestation. The patient underwent cesarean delivery at 35 5/7 weeks' gestation after developing the HELLP syndrome.. Patients with mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor may have a successful pregnancy outcome. This abnormality may be transmitted to the fetus via an autosomal dominant pattern.

Topics: Adult; Calcium; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Female; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Mutation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; Receptors, Cell Surface

Valvular calcification in chronic haemodialysis patients has already been reported in the literature, particularly the abnormally high incidence of aortic stenosis. In this study, 112 haemodialysis patients were followed up by Doppler echocardiography for a period of 36 months. Sixteen patients developed aortic valvular calcification with aortic stenosis over an 18.7 +/- 7.5 months period. The indexed aortic valve surface area decreased from 1.24 +/- 0.9 cm2/m2 to 0.66 +/- 0.21 cm2/m2 with abnormally rapid progression. Eight patients with aortic stenosis died during the 3 year study period. These results reflect the abnormal extra-skeletal calcification of chronic haemodialysis patients. Several predisposing factors were demonstrated: age (68.5 +/- 11.1 years versus 57.1 +/- 16.3 years in patients without calcifications), male gender, a longer period of dialysis than the patients without aortic stenosis (8.1 +/- 5.3 versus 5.9 +/- 5.7 years), abnormalities of calcium and phosphate metabolism, increased of the phosphocalcic product by hyperphosphoraemia and not by hypercalcaemia, hypoparathyroidism in 62% and hyperparathyroidism in 38% an increase in vitamin D 3 (19.7 +/- 14 ng/ml versus 9.6 +/- 6.3 ng/ml) biological signs of adynamic osteodystrophy. Calcific aortic stenosis is a commonly observed valvular lesion in haemodialysis patients: its progression may be very rapid, associated with a poor prognosis. Old age, male gender, duration of haemodialysis, hyperphosphataemia associated with hypoparathyroidism and raised Vitamin D3 are predisposing factors.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Calcinosis; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Prognosis; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholecalciferol; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Sex Factors; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections

Male Wistar rats that were experimentally hypokinetic were fed 24,25(OH)2D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 separately or in combination to determine the effect on bone growth and on bone formation and resorption. It was shown that these parameters of bone metabolism are influenced by these metabolites of vitamin D3 by their effect on bone sensitivity to their activity and perhaps in the regulation of bone histogenesis.

Topics: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; Animals; Bone Development; Calcitriol; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Epiphyses; Femur; Growth Plate; Immobilization; Male; Movement; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Hypoparathyroidism; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin D

Topics: Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Cholecalciferol; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Humans; Kidney; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency