chlortetracycline and Respiratory-Tract-Infections

The effectiveness of a feed-additive antimicrobial combination for improving feedlot performance and health was tested using 4325 high-risk feeder calves randomly allocated to a control group or an experimental group. The experimental group received the conventional ration plus a feed additive containing 700 mg per head/day of chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine from arrival at the feedlot to day 56 of the feeding period. The inclusion of the feed additive to the ration significantly improved average daily gain for days 0-28 (P = 0.0163) and 0-56 (P = 0.0001), and the feed conversion for days 0-28 (P = 0.0061) and 0-56 (P = 0.0004). Additionally, the use of the feed additive significantly reduced the rate of bovine respiratory disease morbidity for days 0-28 (P = 0.0014) and 0-56 (P = 0.0001), the rate of relapses and mortality for days 0-56 (P = 0.0151 and P = 0.0209, respectively), and the rate of animals diagnosed with chronic respiratory disease for days 0-28 and 0-56 (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.0002, respectively). Performance and health improvements produced by the use of the feed additive were cost-effective.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Energy Metabolism; Female; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethazine; Time Factors

Seven-day courses of either pivmecillinam 200 mg plus pivampicillin 250 mg (Miraxid) or a combination of tetracycline hydrochloride, chlortetracycline hydrochloride and demeclocycline hydrochloride (Deteclo) 300 mg, both given twice daily, were compared in a multicentre general practice study in 408 patients with symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were stratified into four diagnostic groups: sinusitis, otitis media, throat infections, and acute bronchitis and randomly allocated to treatment within these groups. Assessment at 7 days showed no difference in clinical efficacy between the two treatments where 193 of the 208 infections receiving Miraxid (93%) were rated as either cured or improved compared with 181 of the 201 infections treated with Deteclo (90%). At 7 days, the percentage of patients completely free of symptoms was the same for both groups (66%). The mean time for symptoms to clear was 3.9 days in the Miraxid group and 4.0 days in the Deteclo group. Side-effects were reported by significantly fewer patients in the Miraxid group (9.3%) than the Deteclo group (17.5%) (p less than 0.05) and six patients in the latter group failed to complete the course of treatment. Miraxid given twice daily for respiratory tract infections is as effective as Deteclo but causes significantly fewer side-effects.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amdinocillin; Amdinocillin Pivoxil; Ampicillin; Bronchitis; Child; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Drug Combinations; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pivampicillin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sinusitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlortetracycline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Demeclocycline; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chlortetracycline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases

Due to the conditions of modern industrial pig fattening in intensive livestock farms, 24% to 69% of the animals become ill. The antibiotic metaphylaxis that is routinely administered leads to several problems in animals, human health, and the environment.. To investigate whether a homeopathic metaphylaxis is effective and potentially useful for replacing antibiotic metaphylaxis.. Animal subjects were divided into groups of 10 per pen, 2 pens sharing 1 trough. Twenty pigs were randomly assigned within a stall and were administered either antibiotics, homeopathy, or placebo.. A typical intensive livestock farm in Northern Germany.. 1440 piglets.. Homeopathic metaphylaxis is compared with placebo, the routine low-dose antibiotic metaphylaxis, and an antibiotic metaphylaxis in therapeutic dosage.. Incidence of diseases in general and of diseases of the respiratory tract.. Homeopathic metaphylaxis is significantly effective compared with placebo and routine low-dose antibiotic metaphylaxis for incidence of disease and rate of disease of the respiratory tract among the animals studied. Only by increasing the dosage of antibiotics to a therapeutic level does antibiotic metaphylaxis surpass homeopathic metaphylaxis.. An unacceptably high percentage of pigs in modern livestock management become ill, suffering mainly from diseases of the respiratory tract. The routine antibiotic dosage of metaphylaxis is too low to be effective. As a result, the problems of resistance and danger to human health and the environment are increasing. To confirm whether antibiotic metaphylaxis may be replaced by homeopathic metaphylaxis, this study should be repeated independently.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Dimetridazole; Homeopathy; Random Allocation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethazine; Swine; Swine Diseases

The effects of continuous oral administration of antibiotics in mice were investigated. Sulfamerazine, ampicillin, and chlortetracycline were tested at a rate of 500 mg/L of drinking water. Mice were infected by intranasal inoculation with 10(6) bacilli of the SMR strain of cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus. The mice were treated with the antibiotics starting 1 week before, 1 week after, or 4 weeks after the inoculation, for 5, 3, or 4 weeks respectively, then were examined. The infected mice lost body weight, and this loss was prevented or regained by all of the antibiotic treatments. Serologically no antibodies were detectable in the mice administered sulfamerazine starting 1 week before the inoculation. Mice administered sulfamerazine starting 1 week after the inoculation and ampicillin or chlortetracycline starting 1 week before or after the inoculation yielded a low titer of antibodies compared with nontreated infected mice. Mice administered antibiotics starting 4 weeks after the inoculation yielded the same titer of antibodies as nontreated infected mice. No pathologic respiratory tract lesions were observed in mice administered sulfamerazine starting 1 week before the inoculation. Mice administered sulfamerazine starting 1 week after the inoculation or ampicillin starting 1 week before or after the inoculation had slight peribronchitis without CAR bacillus colonization. Mice administered chlortetracycline, starting either 1 week before or after inoculation, developed peribronchitis, with colonization of the bacillus on the airway mucosa. In mice medicated starting 4 weeks after the inoculation, respiratory tract lesions developed, but their severity was reduced. The airway mucosa in mice treated with chlortetracycline was associated with the CAR bacillus but not in mice treated with sulfamerazine and ampicillin. These findings suggest that prevention and eradication of CAR bacillus infection is possible by treatment with sulfamerazine.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Body Weight; Bronchi; Chlortetracycline; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rodent Diseases; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Sulfamethazine; Time Factors

Two similar groups of 14 calves were housed and fed identically in individual pens on a calf-rearing farm. The groups were balanced for weight and immunological status as determined by zinc sulphate turbidity values. When an outbreak of enteric and respiratory disease occurred one group was treated with 20 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg bodyweight daily for seven consecutive days, by adding the active ingredient to the milk replacer, while the other group was left untreated. Both groups received additional therapy as required. The calves were examined daily during the period of treatment and the clinical observations were assessed and analysed statistically. There was a significant difference between the clinical scores of the two groups on the second day of treatment (P less than 0.05) and on all subsequent days (P less than 0.01) indicating that the calves receiving chlortetracycline hydrochloride were less affected by the disease outbreak. The abnormal enteric and respiratory signs were associated with several potential pathogens including bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The treatment was therefore effective against enteric and respiratory disease involving several organisms.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chlortetracycline; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae; Feces; Food, Formulated; Fungi; Intestinal Diseases; Nasopharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viruses

Using different variations of challenge, three trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlortetracycline in the control of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Experimentally infected birds were offered either food containing chlortetracycline at 300 ppm or water containing the drug at 120 mg litre-1. In each trial, medicated food and water were effective in the control of CRD as assessed by reduction in clinical signs, lower mortality and reduced severity of air sacculitis and other post mortem lesions. Weight gain was also improved by both forms of medication. M gallisepticum antibodies were demonstrated in surviving birds.

Topics: Air Sacs; Animals; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Chronic Disease; Escherichia coli Infections; Mycoplasma Infections; Poultry Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Weight Gain

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five tetracyclines and ten other antimicrobial agents were determined for four porcine bacterial respiratory tract pathogens by the agar dilution method. For the following oxytetracycline-susceptible strains, the MIC50 ranges of the tetracyclines were: P. multocida (n = 17) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; B. bronchiseptica (n = 20) 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml; H. pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; S. suis Type 2 (n = 20) 0.06-0.25 micrograms/ml. For 19 oxytetracycline-resistant P. multocida strains the MIC50 of the tetracyclines varied from 64 micrograms/ml for oxytetracycline to 0.5 micrograms/ml for minocycline. Strikingly, minocycline showed no cross-resistance with oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in P. multocida and in H. pleuropneumoniae. Moreover, in susceptible strains minocycline showed the highest in vitro activity followed by doxycycline. Low MIC50 values were observed for chloramphenicol, ampicillin, flumequine, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against P. multocida and H. pleuropneumoniae. B. bronchiseptica was moderately susceptible or resistant to these compounds. As expected tiamulin, lincomycin, tylosin and spiramycin were not active against H. pleuropneumoniae. Except for flumequine, the MIC50 values of nine antimicrobial agents were low for S. suis Type 2. Six strains of this species showed resistance to the macrolides and lincomycin.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bordetella; Chlortetracycline; Doxycycline; Haemophilus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptococcus; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

One thousand and eighty-five newly received, stressed calves were used in studies to determine the effectiveness of certain mass medication procedures for reducing morbidity from shipping fever-bovine respiratory disease complex. In two experiments, im injections of oxytetracycline at 11 mg/kg body wt for 3 successive days reduced treatment days/calf purchased 21 (P less then .05) and 31% (P less than .05). Oral administration of 150 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg body wt reduced treatment days/calf purchased 20 (P less than .05) and 54% (P less than .05) in the same two experiments. When sulfadimethoxine followed oxytetracycline on the third injection day an 81% reduction in treatment days/calf purchased was obtained, indicating an additive effect of the two drugs. The use of long acting oxytetracycline and sustained release sulfadimethoxine at the time of processing resulted in a 90% reduction in treatment days/calf purchased (P less than .01) and required only one handling of the calves for mass medication purposes.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfadimethoxine; Transportation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Economics; Erythromycin; Leucomycins; Lincomycin; Meat; Poultry Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Spectinomycin; Water

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rifampin; Streptomycin

Topics: Bromides; Chlortetracycline; Drug Synergism; Guaiacol; Humans; Morphinans; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Agriculture; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Diethylstilbestrol; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethazine

Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Germ-Free Life; Mycoplasma Infections; Poultry Diseases; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viral Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colitis; Enteritis; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Furazolidone; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Temperature; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Sedimentation; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tablets; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Chlortetracycline; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Adams-Stokes Syndrome; Adolescent; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Chlortetracycline; Electrocardiography; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Isoproterenol; Male; Mycoplasma; Phonocardiography; Prednisone; Radiography, Thoracic; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Erythromycin; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma Infections; Ovum; Pharmacology; Poultry Diseases; Research; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tylosin

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Blood Sedimentation; Child; China; Chlortetracycline; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Epidemiology; Humans; Influenza, Human; Iridocyclitis; Kidney Function Tests; Leptospirosis; Liver Function Tests; Lung Diseases; Meningitis; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serologic Tests

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Dermatology; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Gastroenterology; In Vitro Techniques; Kitasamycin; Leukemia; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Otolaryngology; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Research; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rifamycins; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Humans; Influenza, Human; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Chlortetracycline; Humans; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Humans; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Humans; Lung; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Chlortetracycline; Humans; Influenza, Human; Pneumonia; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Lung; Respiratory Tract Infections