chlortetracycline and Endometritis

Retained fetal membranes (RFM) and clinical metritis (CM) are frequently diagnosed disease conditions in dairy cows and considered of major economic impact due to negative effect on reproduction and milk production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of i.u. tetracycline for the treatment of RFM and CM in dairy cows. Affected cows were randomly assigned to two groups; treatment group animals received i.u. 5g chlortetracycline twice weekly for 2 wks, and no treatment group. A total of 1416 cows and 804 heifers in 5 herds calved during the study period. CM was diagnosed in 18.6% (inter farm range; 15.2-23.5%) and 30% (19.4-42.3%) of cows and heifers, respectively. RFM was diagnosed in 13.1% (9.4-18.1%) and 9.2% (3.6-13.8%) of cows and heifers, respectively. Conception rates after first insemination were 38.3%, 42.5% and 18% in normal, treated and non-treated CM cows, respectively. Numbers of days open were 140.5, 136.2 and 165.5 in normal, treated and non-treated CM cows, respectively. Based on 305-d corrected milk yield, cows and heifers affected by RFM and CM produced 300-500kg less milk compared with their normal herd mates. Cows treated for CM produced 654kg more milk per 305-d corrected lactation compared to non-treated control cows. Treatment of RFM had no effect on reproductive performance or milk production. In conclusion, i.u. chlortetracycline treatment was proven to prevent the detrimental effect of CM on reproductive performance in heifers and cows and on milk production in cows only.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Endometritis; Female; Lactation; Parity; Placenta, Retained; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Treatment Outcome

The goals of this study were to evaluate factors affecting recovery and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in intrauterine E. coli in post-partum dairy cows with and without metritis from commercial California dairy farms. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 307 cows were sampled from 25 farms throughout California, from which a total of 162 intrauterine E. coli isolates were recovered. During farm visits, cows within 21 days post-partum were categorized in one of three clinical presentation groups before enrollment: metritis (MET, n = 86), defined as a cow with watery, red or brown colored, and fetid vaginal discharge; cows with purulent discharge (PUS, n = 106), defined as a non-fetid purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge; and control cows, (CTL, n = 115) defined as cows with either no vaginal discharge or a clear, non-purulent mucus vaginal discharge. Cows diagnosed as MET had significantly higher odds for recovery of E. coli compared to cows diagnosed as CTL (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17-3.96), with no significant difference observed between PUS and CTL, and PUS and MET. An increase in days in milk (DIM) at the time of sampling was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds ratio for E. coli recovery from intrauterine swabs (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98). All intrauterine E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (AMP), with an AMR prevalence of 30.2% and 33.9% observed for chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, respectively. Only 8.6% of isolates were resistant to ceftiofur (CEFT), one of the most common drugs used to treat cows on farms sampled. No significant difference in the prevalence of AMR was observed among clinical groups at the individual cow level. At the farm level, a significantly higher odds for isolating intrauterine E. coli resistant to chlortetracycline (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 3.7-58.0) or oxytetracycline (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-33.8) was observed at farms that used an intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline as a treatment for metritis when compared to those farms that did not use this practice. Findings from this study indicate the need for further research supporting a broader understanding of farm practices driving AMR in cows with metritis, as well as data to increase the accuracy of breakpoints for AMR classification of intrauterine E. coli from cattle.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endometritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Farms; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Risk Factors

32 young and healthy cows each received a single intrauterine treatment with one of the following solutions: Lugol's solution, Vetedine, Lorasol, Lotagen, Aureomycin, and normal saline solution as a control. Endometrial biopsies were taken immediately before application and at days 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 thereafter. On day 1, degenerative and inflammatory reactions could already be observed in all groups, with the exception of the control group. The intensity of the lesions varied, not only between treatment groups but also to a lesser extent between individuals within groups. Degeneration and inflammatory reaction found in the subepithelial stromal tissues were more distinct than those seen in the epithelia. Lorasol caused the most severe degenerative changes, regarding the depth of degeneration into the tissue, as well as the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. Lugol's solution also showed a high degree of change, followed by Lotagen and Vetedine showing moderate change, respectively. Reaction to the antibiotic treatment with Aureomycin was only slight. The regeneration time of these lesions was proportional to the intensity of the induced changes, amounting to 10-15 days for Lorasol and 3-6 days for Aureomycin, respectively. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Cresols; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Endometrium; Female; Formaldehyde; Iodides

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Dyspepsia; Endometritis; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Female; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Parametritis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Plants, Medicinal; Proteus; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Ulcer; Wound Infection

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Endometritis; Female; Humans